Prezentare video: https://youtu.be/f_P5dCJfRVs

• Colectivul de traducere și consultanță științifică a fost compus din 55 de profesioniști din domeniul oftalmologic, incluzând cadre didactice ale facultăților de medicină din țară (UMF București,  UMF Iași, UMF Timișoara, UMF Cluj), sub îndrumarea și coordonarea prof. univ. dr. Călin Petru Tătaru.

• Conținut cuprinzător și bogat – de la noțiuni fundamentale până la progresele realizate în metodele de diagnostic și tratament pentru toate subspecialitățile: genetica, optica, chirurgia refractivă, corneea, cristalinul și cataracta, retina, uveitele, tumorile, glaucomul, neurooftalmologia, strabismul pediatric și al adultului și chirurgia oculoplastică.

• Capitole structurate clar, într-o manieră similară.

• Tehnici noi de imagistică (AS-OCT, EDI-OCT, Angio-OCT).

• Capitole noi, care abordează subiecte precum procedura SMILE, implanturile de drenaj pentru glaucom, electrofiziologia în neurooftalmologie, imagistica corneană, oftalmopatia tiroidiană, infecțiile orbitare, materiale de umplere și toxina botulinică în scop estetic și pentru reducerea ridurilor.

• Peste 2 000 de ilustrații de o calitate excepțională, majoritatea color.

 

Traducerea Tratatului de Oftalmologie, autori Myron Yanoff și Jay S. Duker, ediția a cincea (ultima), a fost un proiect îndelung așteptat și indiscutabil necesar comunității oftalmologice din România.

Abordarea textuală modernă și exhaustivă a diagnosticului și a trata­mentului afecțiunilor oftalmologice este însoțită și completată armonios de numeroase imagini și tabele sugestive. Construcția acestei cărți de oftalmologie este gândită nu doar pentru medicul oftalmolog în formare, ci în egală măsură și pentru perfecționarea colegilor, datorită prezen­tării celor mai recente, inovatoare și eficiente metode de diagnostic și tratament.

Un mare atu al acestei traduceri, la care au contribuit cu dăruire și răbdare medici oftalmologi cu foarte bune cunoștințe de engleză medicală, mulți cu o incontestabilă activitate în domeniu și care au trecut informa­țiile prin filtrul experienței profesionale personale, îl constituie adaptarea uniformă a terminologiei de specialitate în limba română. Neologismele științifice provenite din literatura de specialitate anglo-saxonă au fost inte­grate și armonizate cu terminologia deja existentă din limba română.

A rezultat un text fluent, precis, un instrument util atât pentru medicul cu experiență, cât și pentru cel aflat la începutul carierei, o carte pe care sperăm s-o regăsim alături de fiecare coleg oftalmolog. Această carte trebuie să devină un standard indispensabil pentru oftalmologi, asigurân­du-se astfel faptul că toți specialiștii vor fi pregătiți unitar, iar termenii de specialitate vor fi corect asimilați și utilizați în limba română.

Sperăm ca traducerea acestui prestigios tratat să poată face învățarea oftalmologiei mai atractivă și mai puțin dificilă. Dorința mea sinceră este ca această carte tradusă în limba română să nu fie o povară pentru cei care o vor studia (așa cum a fost adesea pentru traducători), deoarece întregul conținut oferă motivația și ajutorul adecvat pentru învățarea oftalmologiei moderne prin eliminarea oricăror bariere lingvistice.

Mulțumesc tuturor celor care au contribuit la traducerea și publicarea acestei cărți (traducători, redactori, editori); fără munca și entuziasmul lor, realizarea acestui proiect de anvergură nu ar fi fost posibilă. Colaborarea cu o editură și o tipografie de prestigiu a contribuit la finalizarea și, de ce nu, la succesul acestui demers științific.

 

Prof. Univ. Dr. Călin-Petru Tătaru

Profesor universitar dr., Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie „Carol Davila”, București;

Medic primar oftalmolog, Spitalul Clinic de Urgențe Oftalmologice, București;

Președinte al Societății Române de Cataractă și Chirurgie refractivă

 

CUPRINS:

VOLUMUL 1

PARTEA 1: GENETICA

PARTEA 2: OPTICA ȘI REFRACȚIA

PARTEA 3: CHIRURGIA REFRACTIVĂ

PARTEA 4: CORNEEA ȘI SUPRAFEȚELE OCULARE

PARTEA 5: CRISTALINUL

PARTEA 6: RETINA ȘI VITROSUL

 

VOLUMUL 2

PARTEA 7: UVEITELE ȘI ALTE INFLAMAȚII INTRAOCULARE

PARTEA 8: TUMORILE INTRAOCULARE

PARTEA 9: NEUROOFTALMOLOGIA

PARTEA 10: GLAUCOMUL

PARTEA 11: STRABISMUL PEDIATRIC ȘI AL ADULTULUI

PARTEA 12: ORBITA ȘI CHIRURGIA OCULOPASTICĂ

 

 

DESCRIERE:

Instrument util pentru luarea deciziilor terapeutice adecvate

Realizat intr-un format usor de utilizat, Manualul de Farmaco­terapie, Editia a zecea este un ghid util atat pentru profesionistii din farmacii, laboratoare, clinici, cat si pentru medicii, studentii si rezidentii din domeniu.

Pentru ca farmacistul sa devina un furnizor de servicii de asistența de sanatate, este necesara dez­voltarea competențelor, in cadrul pregatirii postuniversitare, atat prin rezidentiat si prin programe de educatie continua, cat si prin studiu individual. Accesul la surse de informare obiective este esential pentru o educatie de calitate, iar Manualul de Farmacoterapie poate fi un real sprijin in procesul de formare continua.

Ghidul ofera informatia esențiala pentru peste 140 de boli si afectiuni intalnite cel mai frecvent in practica clinica. Informatiile sunt prezentate sub forma de text, tabele, figuri sau algoritmi de tratament, totul pentru a facilita utilizarea si ințelegerea acestora.

 

Fiecare capitol este organizat intr‑o maniera similara, consecventa:

             • Definirea starii de boala

             • Prezentarea concisa a elementelor de fiziopatologie relevante

             • Tablou clinic

             • Diagnostic

             • Tratament

             • Evaluarea rezultatelor terapiei

              

Reactiile alergice si alte tulburari induse de medicamente, cum sunt cele hematologice, hepatice, pulmonare si renale sunt prezentate sub forma tabelara, in cinci anexe: Alergia la medicamente, Afectare hematologica indusă de medicamente, Afectare hepatica indusa de medicamente, Afectare pulmonara indusa de medicamente si Afectare renala indusa de medicamente. O alta anexa, de asemenea in format tabelar, include informatii privind managementul farmaco­terapiei la varstnici.

 

Traducerea si ingrijirea materialului a fost realizata de o echipa de 70 de profesionisti din domeniul farmaceutic, care include cadre didactice ale facultatilor de farmacie din tara (UMF Cluj, UMF Iasi, UMF Bucuresti), far­macisti specialisti in specialitatea farmacie clinica, medici si farmacisti rezidenti.

 

CUPRINS:

 

SECTIUNEA 1: AFECTIUNI ALE OASELOR SI ALE ARTICULATIILOR

1. Guta si hiperuricemia

2. Artroza

3. Osteoporoza

4. Artrita reumatoida

 

SECTIUNEA 2: BOLI CARDIOVASCULARE

5. Sindroamele coronariene acute

6. Aritmiile

7. Stopul cardiac

8. Dislipidemiile

9. Insuficiența cardiaca

10. Hipertensiunea arteriala

11. Boala cardiaca ischemica

12. Socul

13. Accidentul vascular cerebral

14. Tromboembolismul venos

 

SECȚIUNEA 3: AFECTIUNI DERMATOLOGICE

15. Acneea vulgara

16. Reactii dermatologice ale medicamentelor si afectiuni cutanate frecvente

17. Psoriazisul

 

SECTIUNEA 4: BOLI ENDOCRINE

18. Afectiunile glandei suprarenale

19. Diabetul zaharat

20. Afectiunile glandei tiroide

 

SECTIUNEA 5: AFECTIUNI GASTROINTESTINALE

21. Ciroza si hipertensiunea portală

22. Constipatia

23. Diareea

24. Boala de reflux gastroesofagian

25. Hepatitele virale

26. Boala inflamatorie intestinala

27. Greata si varsaturile

28. Pancreatita

29. Ulcerul gastroduodenal

 

SECTIUNEA 6: AFECTIUNI GINECOLOGICE SI OBSTETRICALE

30. Contraceptia

31. Terapia hormonala in menopauza, perimenopauza si postmenopauza

32. Sarcina si alaptarea: consideratii terapeutice

 

SECTIUNEA 7: AFECTIUNI HEMATOLOGICE

33. Anemiile

34. Siclemia

 

SECTIUNEA 8: BOLI INFECTIOASE

35. Alegerea regimului antimicrobian

36. Infectiile sistemului nervos central

37. Endocardita infectioasa

38. Infecțtile fungice invazive

39. Infectiile gastrointestinale

40. Infectia cu virusul imunodeficientei umane

41. Gripa

42. Infectiile intraabdominale

43. Infectiile tractului respirator inferior

44. Infectiile tractului respirator superior

45. Sepsisul si socul septic

46. Bolile cu transmitere sexuala

47. Infectiile cutanate si ale tesuturilor moi

48. Profilaxia antibiotica in chirurgie

49. Tuberculoza

50. Infectiile tractului urinar

51. Vaccinuri, toxoizi si alte imunobiologice

 

SECTIUNEA 9: TULBURARI NEUROLOGICE

52. Boala Alzheimer

53. Epilepsia

54. Cefaleea: migrena si cefaleea de tip tensional

55. Managementul durerii

56. Boala Parkinson

57. Statusul epileptic

 

SECȚIUNEA 10: TERAPIE NUTRITIONALA

58. Obezitatea

59. Evaluare nutriționala si suport

 

SECTIUNEA 11: AFECTIUNI ONCOLOGICE

60. Cancerul mamar

61. Cancerul colorectal

62. Cancerul pulmonar

63. Limfoamele

64. Cancerul de prostata

 

SECTIUNEA 12: AFECTIUNI OCULARE

65. Glaucomul

 

SECTIUNEA 13: TULBURARI PSIHICE

66. Tulburarea de anxietate generalizata, tulburarea de panica si tulburarea de stres posttraumatic

67. Tulburarea bipolara

68. Tulburarea depresiva majora

69. Schizofrenia

70. Tulburarile ciclului somn‑veghe

71. Tulburarile cauzate de consumul de substante

 

SECTIUNEA 14: AFECTIUNI RENALE

72. Dezechilibrele acido‑bazice

73. Insuficienta renala acuta

74. Boala renala cronica

75. Homeostazia electrolitica

 

SECTIUNEA 15: AFECTIUNI RESPIRATORII

76. Rinita alergica

77. Astmul bronsic

78. Bronhopneumopatia obstructiva cronica

 

SECTIUNEA 16: AFECTIUNI UROLOGICE

 

79. Hiperplazia benigna de prostata

80. Disfunctia erectila

81. Incontinenta urinara

 

ANEXE

ANEXA 1. Alergia la medicamente

ANEXA 2. Geriatrie

ANEXA 3. Afectare hematologica indusa de medicamente

ANEXA 4. Afectare hepatica indusa de medicamente

ANEXA 5. Afectare pulmonara indusa de medicamente

ANEXA 6. Afectare renala indusa de medicamente

 

Index

 

 

COLECTIVUL DE TRADUCERE SI CONSULTANTA STIINTIFICA

 

Coordonatorul editiei in limba romana

Adina Popa

Conferentiar dr., Disciplina de Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

 

Colectivul de verificare si validare

Corina Bricis

Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Diana Negru

Farmacist dr., MUSO SRL Romania

Cristina Pop

Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie, Fiziologie si Fiziopatologie, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Daniela Primejdie

Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

 

Colectivul de traducere

Capitolul 1 Cosmina Vircan, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Veroli, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 2 Irina Cazacu, Asistent universitar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie, Fiziologie si Fiziopatologie, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 3 Denisa Baica, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Terapia SA, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 4 și 55 Veronica Bild, Profesor universitar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi

Capitolele 5 și 69 Imola Borcsa, Farmacist, Farmacia Ambrosia, Targu Secuiesc

Capitolul 6 Oana Cristina Șeremet, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Alexandra Mihaela Tanase, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Capitolul 7 Cristina Elena Zbarcea, Conferentiar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie, „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Capitolul 8 Diana Negru, Farmacist dr., MUSO SRL, Romania

Capitolele 9, 74 și 78 Alina Grecu, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Astra, Brasov

Capitolul 10 Simona Negres, Profesor universitar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Cornel Chirița, Profesor universitar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Capitolul 11 Cristina Daniela Marineci, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Capitolele 12 și 79 Oana Rad, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Veroli, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 13 Anca Zanfirescu, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Capitolul 14 Bruno Velescu, Conferentiar universitar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Emil Ștefanescu, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Carol Davila”, Bucuresti

Capitolele 15, 16 și 17 Mirela Moldovan, Conferentiar universitar, Disciplina de Dermatofarmacie si Cosmetologie, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 18 Adriana Vidican, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul Clinic Municipal „Dr. G. Curteanu”, Oradea

Capitolul 19 Anamaria Cristina, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Farmacologie, Fiziologie si Fiziopatologie, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 20 Ana Varadi, Farmacist, Farmacia Yucca Bodesti, Neamt

Capitolul 21 Andreea Pricopie, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 22 și 26 Alexandra Cristina Epure, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 23, 27 și Anexele 1, 5, 6 Ligia Hui, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul Clinic Municipal Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 24 Ingrid Telecan, Farmacist, ProductLife Group Romania

Capitolul 25 și Anexa 3 Adina Torje, GP clinical pharmacist, Lea Vale Medical Group Luton, Marea Britanie

Capitolele 28 și 38 Teodora Curean, Farmacist, ProductLife Group Romania

Capitolul 29 Laura Todea, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Pharmafarm Cluj

Capitolele 30, 31 și 80 Cristina Pop, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie, Fiziologie si Fiziopatologie, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 32 Corina Briciu, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 33 Adela Cozlac, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Ducfarm, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 34 și 50 Liana Moise, Farmacist, Richter Gedeon Romania

Capitolul 35 și Anexa 2 Daniela Primejdie, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 36 și 47 Amalia Cosma, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinică, Clinical data coordinator Medpace, Leuven, Belgia

Capitolul 37 Gabriel Marc, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Chimie farmaceutica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 39 Laura Aldea-David, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Sciformix a Covance Company, Romania

Capitolele 40 și 49 Roxana Dobrota, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Elmafarm, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 41 Ioana Docea, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul de Pneumoftiziologie, Aiud

Capitolul 42 Andrada Mirișan, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul Judeţean de Urgenţa „Dr. Constantin Opris”, Baia Mare

Capitolul 43 Denisa Grozav, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Elmafarm, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 44 Monica Ciornei, Farmacist rezident farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 45 și 73 Iulia Anghel, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Elmafarm, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 46 Sándor Szabó, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Training manager, Farmaciile Ropharma

Capitolul 48 Iulia Popica, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Biofarm Șelimbar, Sibiu

Capitolul 51 Codruta Heghes, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Analiza Medicamentului, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 52 și 56 Florentina Ban, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica

Capitolul 53 Mirela Voicu, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Victor Babes”, Timisoara

Cristiana Mabda, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Victor Babes”, Timisoara

Capitolul 54 și Anexa 4 Oana Bodea, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, ELC Group, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 57 Maria Suciu, Sef de lucrari dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Victor Babes”, Timişoara

Valentina Buda, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicină si Farmacie „Victor Babes”, Timişoara

Capitolul 58 Eugenia Moldovan, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Löwen Apotheke Esens, Germania

Capitolul 59 Dalma Badar-Fülöp, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Ducfarm, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 60 Laura Budau, Farmacist, Centrul de Radioterapie Amethyst, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 61 Alexandra Zahan, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Centrul Medical Cardiomed, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 62 Mariana Sipos, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, ProductLife Group România

Capitolul 63 Andreea Vieru, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Napofarm, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 64 Sinziana Cetean, Asistent universitar dr., Disciplina de Chimie generala si anorganica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 65 Oana Ghinea, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Farmacia Richter Gedeon, Campia Turzii

Capitolele 66, 70 și 71 Maria Bonea, Asistent universitar, Disciplina de Psihiatrie si Psihiatrie pediatrica, Facultatea de Medicina, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 67 și 68 Ioana Nonn, Farmacist, Farmacia Victor Babes, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 72 Cristiana Arcălean, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul Regina Maria, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolele 75 și 81 Aura Blendea, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul Clinic Județean de Urgenta, Cluj‑Napoca

Capitolul 76 Maria Brudiu, Farmacist specialist farmacie clinica, Spitalul Judetean de Urgența. Alba Iulia

Capitolul 77 Carmen Cristescu, Profesor universitar dr., Disciplina de Farmacologie si Farmacie clinica, Facultatea de Farmacie, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Victor Babes”, Timisoara

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Usor de citit, cu un numar impresionant de desene anatomice si relevanta din punct de vedere clinic, Anatomia lui Gray pentru studenti, editia a patra, reprezinta manualul viitorilor medici in ceea ce priveste informatiile esentiale din anatomia umana. Acest volum complet revizuit se concentreaza pe cunostințele de baza pe care studentii trebuie sa le detina si se distinge printr-un format usor accesibil care faciliteaza parcurgerea eficienta a materialului. O echipa de autori si consilieri experti la nivel mondial isi impartasesc vasta experienta de predare si practica clinica, evidentiata si de cele peste 1 000 de ilustratii originale prezente pe parcursul cartii. 

• Ajuta studentii sa inteleaga aplicatiile practice ale conceptelor anatomice prin parcurgerea unica a anatomiei regionale, a imaginilor corelative de diagnostic si a studiilor clinice de caz. 
• Ofera conținut clinic complet revizuit si actualizat – incluzand numeroase noi casete de tip Noțiuni clinice plus noi cazuri medicale, ilustratii si informatii corelate pe parcursul intregului volum. 
• Permite cititorilor sa afle rapid conceptele de baza din fiecare capitol, cu ajutorul Descrierii generale. 
• Contine noi desene schematice pentru structurile si subiectele-cheie din fiecare capitol, oferind astfel o abordare simplificată, ideala pentru o ințelegere rapida și o reproducere ușoara a ilustratiilor de anatomie.
• Prezinta anatomia umana in mod logic in funcțte de regiunea corpului, acoperind fiecare dintre sistemele principale ale corpului pentru a facilita invatarea (sistemele cardiovascular, respirator, gastrointestinal, urogenital, limfatic si nervos).
Editia a patra a Anatomiei lui Gray pentru studenti este o carte moderna care poate fi inclusa fara ezitare in orice bibliografie. Conceputa pentru studentii din diferite arii medicale (medicina generala, dentara, dar si alte specialitati), lucrarea se dovedeste folositoare acestora in sistemul tradițional de invațamant, dar poate reprezenta si o completare adusa cursurilor si lucrarilor practice. Fiecare capitol poate fi tratat independent, ordinea in care acestea se studiaza neafectând calitatea actului educațional. Volumul se distinge printr-o buna traducere, care gaseste linia comuna intre limbajul anatomic american si cel romanesc.

Urgentele cardiovasculare continua sa detina primul loc ca incidenta, severitate si risc de deces. Frecvent, rapiditatea interventiei terapeutice este aceea care decide viata sau moartea bolnavilor. De aceea, se impune cunoasterea si aplicarea, cel putin intr-o prima etapa, a unor algoritmi simpli de diagnostic si tratament care sa ofere bolnavilor sansa de a supravietui. Este ceea ce incearca sa ofere Urgente cardiovasculare in camera de garda. Desigur, dupa aplicarea primelor masuri de diagnostic si tratament, medicul va avea timp sa consulte si sa recurga la toate manoperele si terapiile recomandate in ghiduri sau in tratate de specialitate.

 

 

Description:

 

Packing essential abdominal imaging protocols in a compact format, this handy reference makes it easy to access the most up-to-date protocols, organ-specific measurements, and echogenicities for abdominal sonography. Organized logically by the organs of the abdomen, this succinct, image-based quick-reference presents imaging and line drawings side-by-side to help you make confident, accurate observations.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

1: Abdominal Sonography Overview

INTRODUCTION

AIUM INDICATIONS FOR AN ABDOMEN AND/OR RETROPERITONEUM SONOGRAM

EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL

THE ALARA PRINCIPLE

SONOGRAPHIC TERMINOLOGY

COMMON ARTIFACTS

BASICS OF DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY

GENERAL CLINICAL HISTORY QUERIES

SUMMARY OF RELEVANT LABORATORY VALUES AND KEY ABDOMINAL FINDINGS (TABLE 1-3)

PATIENT POSITIONING FOR ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY

LABELING OF SONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS

COMPLETE ABDOMEN AND RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT SUGGESTED PROTOCOL

FLUID RECOGNITION

FOCUSED ASSESSMENT WITH SONOGRAPHY FOR TRAUMA EXAMINATION

INFECTION CONTROL AND MACHINE MAINTENANCE

ERGONOMICS

REFERENCES

2: Pancreas

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE PANCREAS

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PANCREAS

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE PANCREAS

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE PANCREAS

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PANCREAS

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE PANCREAS

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE PANCREAS

ESSENTIAL PANCREATIC PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

3: Liver

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE LIVER

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER

PATIENT PREPARATION

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE LIVER

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE LIVER

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE LIVER

ESSENTIAL LIVER PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

4: Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL AND NORMAL ANATOMY OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT

ESSENTIAL GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

5: Urinary Tract

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE URINARY TRACT

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY TRACT

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE URINARY TRACT

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE URINARY TRACT

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE URINARY TRACT

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE URINARY TRACT

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE URINARY TRACT

ESSENTIAL URINARY TRACT PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

6: Spleen

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SPLEEN

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SPLEEN

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SPLEEN

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SPLEEN

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE SPLEEN

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SPLEEN

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE SPLEEN

ESSENTIAL SPLENIC PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

7: Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC

Suggested Protocol for Sonography of the Abdominal Aorta and IVC

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC

ESSENTIAL ABDOMINAL AORTA AND IVC PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

8: Gastrointestinal Tract

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GI TRACT

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GI TRACT

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GI TRACT

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GI TRACT

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF BOWEL

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE GI TRACT

SCANNING TIPS

MEASUREMENTS OF THE GI TRACT

ESSENTIAL GI PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

9: Male Pelvis

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SCROTUM

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MALE PELVIS

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SCROTUM

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE MALE PELVIS

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE SCROTUM

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE SCROTUM

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE SCROTUM

ESSENTIAL SCROTAL PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

10: Neck and Face

INTRODUCTION

AIUM RECOMMENDATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE NECK AND FACE

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NECK AND FACE

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE NECK AND FACE

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE NECK AND FACE

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE NECK AND FACE

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE NECK AND FACE

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE NECK AND FACE

ESSENTIAL NECK AND FACE PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

11: Breast

INTRODUCTION

AIUM AND ACR RECOMMENDATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE BREAST

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BREAST

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE BREAST

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE BREAST

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE BREAST

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE BREAST

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE BREAST

ESSENTIAL BREAST PATHOLOGY

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

12: Infant Hips, Neonatal Brain, and Neonatal Spine

INTRODUCTION

AIUM AND ACR RECOMMENDATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF INFANT HIPS, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

ESSENTIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INFANT HIP, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

PATIENT PREPARATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE INFANT HIP, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

SUGGESTED EQUIPMENT

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION FOR SONOGRAPHY OF THE INFANT HIPS, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

NORMAL SONOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF INFANT HIPS, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

SUGGESTED PROTOCOL FOR SONOGRAPHY OF INFANT HIPS, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

SCANNING TIPS

NORMAL MEASUREMENTS OF INFANT HIPS, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

ESSENTIAL PATHOLOGY OF INFANT HIPS, NEONATAL BRAIN, AND NEONATAL SPINE

WHERE ELSE TO LOOK

IMAGE CORRELATION

REFERENCES

INDEX

 

Ce am făcut noi?

     Am renunțat la unele capitole (cum ar fi „alegerea metodei de evaluare”); am adăugat capitole noi (de pildă „adaptarea cordului la efortul fizic”, „cardio-oncologia”); am ameliorat unele fragmente prin schimbarea autorilor (de exemplu „tomografia computerizată” scrisă de prof. dr. Ioana Lupescu, „rezonanța magnetică nucleară” de dr. Răzvan Capșa), am îmbogățit unele capitole (de pildă „regurgitarea aortică” scrisă de dr. Roxana Enache, acesta fiind titlul doctoratului său, „evaluarea riscului perioperator în chirurgia non-cardiacă și cardiacă” scrisă de noul intervenționist dr. Lucian Predescu).

Ce am adus nou?

     Am îmbogățit unele capitole, schimbându-le aspectul: am înlocuit, de exemplu, prezentarea de caz Marfan cu altele noi, fistulele cutanate și coronariene, la „evaluarea clinică a bolilor cardiovasculare”; am ameliorat capitolele (adăugând, de pildă, „ecografia de stres” la „ecocardiografie”; am adus la zi capitolele vechi, adăugându-le noile clasificări (la „cardiomiopatii”) sau noile indicații ale ghidurilor ESC (la capitolul „tromboembolismul pulmonar”); am schimbat aproape totul – în mod special prezentările de caz (la hipertensiunea pulmonară, bolile cardiace congenitale, pericardite).

Ce frapează acum?

     Aerul nou al cărții; plăcerea de a scrie oriunde a autorilor (capitolul de „prevenție” s-a scris în străinătate) și minuțiozitatea extremă a descrierilor (vezi insuficiența cardiacă) și expunerea excepționalei experiențe a medicilor (vezi „afectarea cardiacă în alte condiții patologice”).

     Astfel, putem spune că am preluat de la maeștrii noștri – prof. dr. C. C. Iliescu, prof. dr. Costin Carp, prof. dr. Eduard Apetrei – tot ceea ce au realizat; am „cules” de la scriitorii care au publicat în Editura Academiei Române claritatea stilului și am încercat să realizăm o carte foarte bună.

Ce spun autorii?

• O experiență nouă, o bucurie de a transmite ceea ce am învățat noilor generații alegând cu parcimonie ceea ce este de scris pe hârtie. (Prof. dr. Bogdan Alexandru Popescu)

• Am scris cu deosebită conștiinciozitate tot ce mi s-a părut interesant, încercând să „prind” publicul în nesfârșitele contradicții ale insuficienței cardiace și bolilor cardiace congenitale. (Prof. dr. Ioan Mircea Coman)

• Mi-am ales cu grijă temele pentru a ilustra cât mai convingător ce este nou printre factorii de risc, insuficiența cardiacă, ischemia mezenterică. Mi-am ridicat sus ștacheta și am încercat s-o depășesc. (Conf. dr. Ruxandra Jurcuț)

• Am încercat să ies din tipare, să fac atrăgătoare prezentările ECG și de HTA prin exemple deosebite și să adaug un nou „farmec” tromboembolismului pulmonar... (Dr. Carmen Beladan)

• Am scris cu atenție, reluând nu odată textul, încercând să fac cât mai clare valvulopatiile, cu nenumăratele lor nuanțe. (Dr. Andreea Călin)

• O experiență cu adevărat nouă. Am încercat împreună cu colegii mei de echipă și chirurgul șef al clinicii de chirurgie să descriu în amănunt bolile aortei și moartea subită și resuscitarea cardiacă cu toate datele sale noi. (Conf. dr. Ovidiu Chioncel)

• Mi-am dorit să limpezesc, să aduc la zi tot ceea ce se știe acum despre angina stabilă, inclusiv despre noile anticoagulante, și să ilustrez cât mai atrăgător tot ceea ce este nou. (Dr. Adrian Mereuță)

• Nu este numai ce s-a scris (pot zice că am muncit din greu la sindroamele coronariene acute cu supradenivelare de ST), ci și modul în care s-a lucrat, nesfârșita grijă pentru fiecare amănunt, pentru fiecare cuvânt. (Dr. Cosmin Călin)

Păreri ale cititorilor

   • Printr-un efort colectiv deosebit, gestionat cu deplină competență de editor, a rezultat o lucrare remarcabilă, care va servi ca o „carte de bază” pentru generațiile viitoare de cardiologi. (Prof. dr. Tiberiu Nanea)

Aparent, consecinta a atator progrese majore in diagnosticul bolilor cardiovasculare, electrocardiografia clasica tinde sa devina cenusareasa explorarilor cardiovasculare. in realitate nimic nu este mai fals pentru ca, in profida progreselor stiintifice si tehnice exploivize, electrocardiografia clinica isi pastreaza in continuare intreaga valoare. Electrocardiografia ramane metoda de selectie si de neinlocuit pentru o categorie tot mai vasta si mai periculoasa de suferinte cardiace-tulburarile de ritm. Actualmente, cand prin medicatie sofisticata, manopere interventionale sau interventii chirurgicale de anvergura se reuseste prezervarea functiei de pompa a inimii pentru o perioada indelungata, indiferent de suferinta cardiaca initiala, tot mai frecvent decesul bolnavilor este conditionat de aparitia tulburarilor de ritm fatale, de regula precedate de alte tulburari de ritm care pot fi diagnosticate prin electrocardiografie. Electrocardiografia are rol in diagnosticul de sindrom(hipertrofii, blocuri de ramura, etc) sau ca element de diagnostic adjuvant(intoxicatii medicamentoase, etc).

 Anesteziologia este o specialitate medicala interventionala complexa, in care inducerea farmacodinamica a conditiilor pe baza de analgezice, sedare sau somn si relaxare sunt imbinate cu masurile de reanimare si reechilibrare necesare mentinerii homeostazei.


Cuprins:

Cap. I- Introducere
Cap. II- Anatomo-fiziologie celulara
Cap. III- Celula nervoasa
Cap. IV- Farmacocinetica anestezicelor
Cap. V- Modul de actiune al anestezicelor generale asupra neuronilor si a SNC
Cap. VI- Schema anatomo-functionala a sistemului nervos
Cap. VII- Analgezia
Cap. VIII- Somnul
Cap. IX- Relaxarea
Cap. X- Homeostazia
Cap. XI- Aparatul de anestezie
Cap. XII- Hemeostazia in chirurgie
Cap. XIII- Bibliografie

 The 16th edition introduces the brand new Sobotta Study Loop. A deeper focus on clinical relevance and actively supporting students prepare for medical exams makes the Sobotta - Atlas of Anatomy more relevant than ever. In 1,300 pages the atlas offers even more insights into the human body, 500 new exam questions to help consolidate learning and support exam preparation, as well as, a guiding hand to medical students new to the subject.

 

Discover its new didactic backbone: the Sobotta Study Loop

 

Overview: Dive into each chapter via an introduction, where crucial information is highlighted

Focused Topic Highlights: Enables medical students to reflect on the knowledge they will have gained by the end of the chapter - in terms of anatomical structure and function

Clinical Relevance: Typical medical case histories actively support the transfer of theoretical knowledge into practical application during rotation

Dissection Tips: Experts present valuable hints and practical know-how on human dissection - great practice for the dissection lab

The Anatomy Figures: Key anatomical terminology and facts are further highlighted in bold in both legends and captions

Practice Exam Questions: Typical oral exam test cases enable the student to gain confidence through practicing options

 Cartea “Imagistica în bolile ficatului” se adresează unui public larg format din medici specialiști radiologi, gastroenterologi sau chirurgi specializați în patologie hepatică. De asemenea ea reprezintă un bun instrument de a învăța imagistică hepatică pentru medici rezidenți (în principal de gastroenterologie sau radiologie) și studenți.

Un atlas de anatomie de foarte buna calitate ce prezinta notiunile anatomice intr-un context clinic. Atlasul de anatomie utilizeaza nomenclatura internationala în limba latina si contine tot ceea ce este nevoie pentru a rezolva cu succes provocarile ridicate de studiul anatomic. Ilustratiile color sunt realizate de doi artisti consacrati, Markus Voll si Karl Wesker. Atlasul este organizat astfel incat sa se parcurga pas cu pas fiecare regiune a corpului. Studiul regional incepe cu studiul de baza al scheletului. Capitolele urmatoare construiesc pe aceasta fundatie, prezentand muschi, organe, vase, nervi. In final se prezinta anatomia topografica, pentru a realiza o vedere de ansamblu. Studiul regional se incheie cu anatomia pe viu si cu o serie de intrebari care te provoaca sa aplici cunostintele anatomice la examenul fizic al pacientilor.

Caracteristici:

-         2.200 ilustratii color de o calitate exceptionala;

-         Nomenclatura internationala in limba latina;

-         Scurte texte introductive ce expliciteaza fiecare imagine.

-         Corelatii anatomo-clinice incluzand imagini radiologice, de rezonana magnetica, tomografie computerizata si imagini endoscopice;

-         Tabele cu date despre muschi ce prezinta origine, insertie si inervatie intr-o maniera mnemotehnica ideala;

-         Repere de orientare asupra localizarii organului si a planului de directie. In acest mod cititorul gaseste tot ce are nevoie pentru a realiza, pas cu pas, intr-un mod logic, studiul anatomic.

 

Coordonatorii editiei in limba romana: Prof. Dr. Corin Badiu si Prof. Dr. Cristian Baicus

Unic printre textele medicale, Manualul Oxford de Medicina Clinica (ediția a zecea) reprezinta un material complet si concis pentru specializarile principale ale medicinei si ofera o abordare holistica, centrata pe pacient. Editia a zecea prezinta informatii-cheie actualizate, iar capitolele privind gastroenterologia, bolile infectioase, neurologia si radiologia au fost complet revizuite. Abordarea tematica se suprapune cu evaluarea clasica a fiecarui caz: anamneza si examenul obiectiv, apoi descrierea patologiei pe aparate si sisteme, cu exemple, scheme, tabele si imagini, care aduc valoare practicii medicale.

Apreciat de medici de peste trei decenii, Manualul Oxford de Medicina Clinica continua sa fie un ghid cu adevarat indispensabil pentru practica medicinei moderne.

 Prefata la editia in limba romana

„Pornind de la prima pagina, medicul cu experienta sau in formare descopera un nou prieten: o carte sintetizată, bine organizată tematic, atractiva, care expune intr-o combinatie unica elementele de detaliu privind diagnosticul si tratamentul. Sistematizata in 19 capitole, manualul porneste de la un scurt istoric filozofic al domeniului, luand in discutie repere majore ale filozofiei medicale, dar si aspecte etice importante. Principiile medicinei bazate pe dovezi si ale statisticii medicale fac parte din acelasi capitol initial.

Abordarea tematica se suprapune cu evaluarea clasica a fiecarui caz: anamneză si examenul obiectiv, apoi descrierea patologiei pe aparate si sisteme, cu exemple, scheme, tabele si imagini, care aduc valoare practicii medicale.

Temele speciale sunt evidentiate prin casete specifice, la care se face trimitere ori de cate ori este necesar. Realizate excelent din punct de vedere grafic, imaginile sunt foarte sugestive, intregind armonios informatia din text si tabele. Manualul include informatii de ultima ora, foarte bine structurate in tabele si algoritmi, care ofera practicianului un sprijin permanent in decizia medicala. Din loc in loc se regasesc istorioare din viata curenta a practicianului sau repere istorice ale domeniului, care fac lectura captivanta.

Traducerea carții Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine a beneficiat de implicarea unui grup de specialisti entuziasti, care au adaptat informatiile la terminologia clasica romaneasca, realizand un text fluent, atractiv si precis. Multumim tuturor celor care au dedicat timp si energie pentru a face posibila aparitia acestui manual in limba romana.

Sunt convins ca acest volum reprezinta un instrument util atat pentru medicul cu experiența, cat si pentru cel aflat la inceputul carierei, fiecare gasind deopotrivă un prieten de nadejde în Manualul Oxford de Medicina Clinica.

Va dorim lectura placuta!

Prof. Dr. Corin Badiu”

Cuprins:

Conținutul fiecarui capitol este detaliat pe pagina dedicata acestuia.

Prefata la editia in limba romană si la editia a X-a vi

Mulțumiri vii

Simboluri si abrevieri viii

1 Cugetari medicale 0

2 Istoric si examinare 40

3 Patologie cardiovasculara 110

4 Pneumologie 182

5 Endocrinologie 224

6 Gastroenterologie 266

7 Nefrologie 324

8 Hematologie 364

9 Boli infectioase 424

10 Neurologie 506

11 Oncologie si ingrijiri paliative 580

12 Reumatologie 606

13 Chirurgie 636

14 Biochimie clinică 742

15 Sindroame eponime 774

16 Radiologie 800

17 Intervale de referintă si alte aspecte 832

18 Proceduri practice 840

19 Urgente 860

20 Referinte 936

Scorul de avertizare timpurie 952

Stopul cardiac 954

 

  

Pentru o comandă mai mare de 20 de exemplare, primiţi un discount de 23%, preţul final fiind 50 lei.

Pentru o comanda mai mare de 20 de exemplare, primiti un discount de 23%, pretul final fiind 50 lei.

Tipptopp / Lernpaket für Deutsch A1.1 – C1 reprezinta o serie de pachete complete de invatare a limbii germane, ce se orienteaza cu multa consecventa dupa cerintele Cadrului Comun European de Referinta (CCER).

Pachetele Tipptopp A1.1 – C1 asigura dobandirea cunostintelor de limba germana, de la nivelul lingvistic A1.1 la C1, nivel necesar unui studiu universitar intr-o tara germanofona.

Parcursul invatarii cu pachetele Tipptopp este urmatorul:

Tipptopp A1.1 și A1.2 → atestat nivelul A1;

Tipptopp A2.1 și A2.2 → atestat nivelul A2;

Tipptopp B1.1 și B1.2 → Zertifikat Deutsch Niveau B1;

Tipptopp B2.1 și B2.2 → Zertifikat Deutsch Niveau B2 (necesar unui studiu universitar               

                                         intr-o tara germanofona);

Tipptopp C1 → Zertifikat Deutsch C1.

 

Concept

Tipptopp A1.1 – C1 ofera, in cate un singur volum, toate materialele necesare achizitionarii cunostintelor lingvistice pentru fiecare nivel din CCER. Seria Tipptopp se distinge printr-o arhitectura unica, transparenta, care simplifica invatarea si predarea.

Fiecare volum constituie un pachet complet de invatare, fiind alcatuit din patru parti:

A. Cartea elevului;

B. Caietul cu exercitii, gramatica si vocabular;

C. Teste si rezolvarea lor;

D. Un CD conținând materiale audio realizate cu vorbitori nativi (dialoguri tematice, diverse alte tipuri de texte, exercitii de pronuntie si cantece).

 

Seria Tipptopp prezinta urmatoarele caracteristici:

• asigura parcursul integral al invatarii, de la nivelul A1.1 la C1, respectand cerintele CCER;

• ofera, intr-un singur pachet de invatare, toate materialele importante pentru un nivel al CCER;

• dezvolta sistematic toate competentele lingvistice (ințelegerea textului vorbit si scris, compunerea unor texte, pronuntie apropiata de cea a vorbitorilor nativi);

• integreaza gramatica si actele de vorbire in activitatile lingvistice;

• ofera materiale de (auto)evaluare;

• asigura o abordare interculturală a lumii germanofone, in diversitatea ei;

• asigura un progres rapid si un mod placut de a invata.

Pachetele de invatare Tipptopp A1.1 – C1 pot servi atat ca sursa primara de invatare a limbii germane, cat si ca material suplimentar. Recomandam parcurgerea unui volum in 60–100 ore de curs, in functie de ritmul de invatare si orele saptamanale puse la dispozitia fiecărui elev/cursant.

Invatand cu Tipptopp, veti constata cu usurinta progresul sigur si rapid in insusirea limbii germane!

 

 

Description:

The only anatomy atlas illustrated by physicians, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th edition, brings you world-renowned, exquisitely clear views of the human body with a clinical perspective. In addition to the famous work of Dr. Frank Netter, you’ll also find nearly 100 paintings by Dr. Carlos A. G. Machado, one of today’s foremost medical illustrators. Together, these two uniquely talented physician-artists highlight the most clinically relevant views of the human body. In addition, more than 50 carefully selected radiologic images help bridge illustrated anatomy to living anatomy as seen in everyday practice.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Introductory Section

Clinical Tables

New Art Plates by Dr. Machado

Terminology Updates

New Radiologic Images

Dedication

Preface to the First Edition

Frank H. Netter, MD

Acknowledgments

Table Of Contents

1 Introduction

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate 1 Body Planes and Terms of Relationship

Plate 2 Surface Anatomy: Regions (Anterior View of Female)

Plate 3 Surface Anatomy: Regions (Posterior View of Male)

Plate 4 Major Arteries and Pulse Points

Plate 5 Major Systemic Veins of the Cardiovascular System

Plate 6 General Organization of the Nervous System

Plate 7 Overview of the Lymphatic System

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP 1 Cross Section of Skin

Plate BP 2 Pilosebaceous Unit

Plate BP 3 Major Body Cavities

Plate BP 4 Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeletons

Plate BP 5 Types of Synovial Joints

Plate BP 6 Joints: Connective Tissues and Articular Cartilage

Plate BP 7 Architecture of Bone

Plate BP 8 Muscular System

Plate BP 9 Overview of the Gastrointestinal System

Plate BP 10 Overview of the Endocrine System

Plate BP 11 Neurons and Synapses

Plate BP 12 Features of a Typical Peripheral Nerve

Plate BP 13 Sites of Visceral Referred Pain

Plate BP 14 General Organization of the Cardiovascular System

Plate BP 15 Cardiovascular System: Composition of Blood

Plate BP 16 Arterial Wall

2 Head and Neck

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 8 Head and Neck: Surface Anatomy

Superficial Head and Neck

Plate 9 Cutaneous Nerves of Head and Neck

Plate 10 Superficial Arteries and Veins of Face and Scalp

Bones and Ligaments

Plate 11 Skull: Anterior View

Plate 12 Skull: Radiographs

Plate 13 Skull: Lateral View

Plate 14 Skull: Lateral Radiograph

Plate 15 Skull: Midsagittal Section

Plate 16 Calvaria

Plate 17 Cranial Base: Inferior View

Plate 18 Cranial Base: Superior View

Plate 19 Foramina and Canals of Cranial Base: Inferior View

Plate 20 Foramina and Canals of Cranial Base: Superior View

Plate 21 Skull of Newborn

Plate 22 Bony Framework of Head and Neck

Plate 23 Pterygoid Fossae

Plate 24 Mandible

Plate 25 Temporomandibular Joint

Plate 26 Cervical Vertebrae: Atlas and Axis

Plate 27 Cervical Vertebrae (continued)

Plate 28 Cervical Vertebrae: Uncovertebral Joints

Plate 29 External Craniocervical Ligaments

Plate 30 Internal Craniocervical Ligaments

Neck

Plate 31 Muscles of Facial Expression: Lateral View

Plate 32 Muscles of Neck: Anterior View

Plate 33 Fascial Layers of Neck

Plate 34 Cervical Fasciae

Plate 35 Infrahyoid and Suprahyoid Muscles

Plate 36 Muscles of Neck: Lateral View

Plate 37 Anterior and Lateral Cervical Muscles

Plate 38 Superficial Veins and Cutaneous Nerves of Neck

Plate 39 Nerves and Vessels of Neck

Plate 40 Nerves and Vessels of Neck (continued)

Plate 41 Carotid Arteries

Nasal Region

Plate 42 Nose

Plate 43 Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity

Plate 44 Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity (continued)

Plate 45 Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity (Nasal Septum)

Plate 46 Nerves of Nasal Cavity

Plate 47 Arteries of Nasal Cavity: Bony Nasal Septum Turned Up

Plate 48 Nerves of Nasal Cavity: Bony Nasal Septum Turned Up

Plate 49 Nose and Maxillary Sinus: Transverse Section

Plate 50 Paranasal Sinuses: Coronal and Transverse Sections

Plate 51 Paranasal Sinuses: Parasagittal Views

Plate 52 Paranasal Sinuses: Changes with Age

Plate 53 Salivary Glands

Plate 54 Facial Nerve Branches and Parotid Gland

Plate 55 Muscles Involved in Mastication

Plate 56 Muscles Involved in Mastication (continued)

Plate 57 Maxillary Artery

Plate 58 Proximal Maxillary and Superficial Temporal Arteries

Plate 59 Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)

Plate 60 Superior View of Infratemporal Fossa

Plate 61 Ophthalmic (CN V1) and Maxillary (CN V2) Nerves

Plate 62 Autonomic Innervation of Nasal Cavity

Plate 63 Nerves and Arteries of the Deep Face

Plate 64 Orientation of Nerves and Vessels of the Cranial Base

Oral Region

Plate 65 Inspection of Oral Cavity

Plate 66 Afferent Innervation of Oral Cavity and Tongue

Plate 67 Roof of Oral Cavity

Plate 68 Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections

Plate 69 Floor of Oral Cavity

Plate 70 Tongue

Plate 71 Tongue (continued)

Plate 72 Fauces

Plate 73 Teeth

Plate 74 Teeth (continued)

Pharynx

Plate 75 Muscles of Pharynx: Partially Opened Posterior View

Plate 76 Posterior View of Pharynx: Nerves and Vessels

Plate 77 Pharynx: Medial View

Plate 78 Muscles of Pharynx: Medial View

Plate 79 Pharynx: Opened Posterior View

Plate 80 Pharyngoesophageal Junction

Plate 81 Muscles of Pharynx: Lateral View

Plate 82 Nerves of Oral, Head, and Neck Regions

Plate 83 Arteries of Oral and Pharyngeal Regions

Plate 84 Veins of Face and Neck Regions

Plate 85 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Head and Neck

Plate 86 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pharynx and Tongue

Thyroid Gland and Larynx

Plate 87 Thyroid Gland: Anterior View

Plate 88 Thyroid Gland and Pharynx: Posterior View

Plate 89 Parathyroid Glands

Plate 90 Cartilages of Larynx

Plate 91 Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx

Plate 92 Nerves and Coronal Section of Larynx

Plate 93 Action of Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx

Orbit and Contents

Plate 94 Eyelids

Plate 95 Lacrimal Apparatus

Plate 96 Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Plate 97 Nerves of Orbit

Plate 98 Superior and Anterior Views of Orbit

Plate 99 Arteries and Veins of Orbit and Eyelids

Plate 100 Eyeball: Transverse Section

Plate 101 Anterior and Posterior Chambers of Eyeball

Plate 102 Lens and Supporting Structures

Plate 103 Intrinsic Arteries and Veins of Eye

Plate 104 Vascular Supply of Eye

Ear

Plate 105 Ear and Course of Sound in Cochlea

Plate 106 External Ear and Tympanic Cavity

Plate 107 Tympanic Cavity

Plate 108 Bony and Membranous Labyrinths

Plate 109 Bony and Membranous Labyrinths (continued)

Plate 110 Orientation of Labyrinths in Skull

Meninges and Brain

Plate 111 Meninges and Diploic Veins

Plate 112 Meningeal Arteries

Plate 113 Meninges and Superficial Cerebral Veins

Plate 114 Dural Venous Sinuses: Sagittal Section

Plate 115 Dural Venous Sinuses (continued)

Plate 116 Brain: Lateral Views

Plate 117 Brain: Medial Views

Plate 118 Brain: Inferior View

Plate 119 Ventricles of Brain

Plate 120 Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Plate 121 Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)

Plate 122 Thalamus and Related Structures

Plate 123 Hippocampus and Fornix

Plate 124 Brain Stem

Plate 125 Ventricles and Cerebellum

Plate 126 Cerebellum

Cranial and Cervical Nerves

Plate 127 Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Brain Stem: Schema

Plate 128 Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Brain Stem: Schema (continued)

Plate 129 Cranial Nerves (Motor and Sensory Distribution): Schema

Plate 130 Olfactory Nerve (CN I): Schema

Plate 131 Optic Nerve (CN II) (Visual Pathway): Schema

Plate 132 Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), and Abducens (CN VI) Nerves: Schema

Plate 133 Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Schema

Plate 134 Facial Nerve (CN VII): Schema

Plate 135 Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII): Schema

Plate 136 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX): Schema

Plate 137 Vagus Nerve (CN X): Schema

Plate 138 Accessory Nerve (CN XI): Schema

Plate 139 Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII): Schema

Plate 140 Cervical Plexus: Schema

Plate 141 Autonomic Nerves in Neck

Plate 142 Autonomic Nerves in Head

Plate 143 Ciliary Ganglion: Schema

Plate 144 Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia: Schema

Plate 145 Otic Ganglion: Schema

Plate 146 Taste Pathways: Schema

Cerebral Vasculature

Plate 147 Arteries to Brain and Meninges

Plate 148 Internal Carotid Artery in Petrous Part of Temporal Bone

Plate 149 Arteries to Brain: Schema

Plate 150 Arteries of Brain: Inferior Views

Plate 151 Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

Plate 152 Arteries of Brain: Frontal View and Section

Plate 153 Arteries of Brain: Lateral and Medial Views

Plate 154 Arteries of Posterior Cranial Fossa

Plate 155 Veins of Posterior Cranial Fossa

Plate 156 Deep Veins of Brain

Plate 157 Subependymal Veins of Brain

Plate 158 Hypothalamus and Hypophysis

Regional Imaging

Plate 159 Cranial Imaging (MRA and MRV)

Plate 160 Cranial Imaging (MRI)

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP17 3D Skull Reconstruction CTs

Plate BP18 Degenerative Changes in Cervical Vertebrae

Plate BP19 Atlantooccipital Junction

Plate BP20 Muscles of Facial Expression: Anterior View

Plate BP21 Musculature of Face

Plate BP22 Paranasal Sinuses

Plate BP23 Subclavian Artery

Plate BP24 Opening of the Mandible

Plate BP25 Afferent Innervation of Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Plate BP26 Fasciae of Orbit and Eyeball

Plate BP27 Tympanic Cavity

Plate BP28 Anatomy of the Pediatric Ear

Plate BP29 Auditory Tube (Eustachian)

Plate BP30 Arteries and Veins of Hypothalamus and Hypophysis

Plate BP31 Cranial Imaging (MRV and MRA)

Plate BP32 Axial and Coronal MRIs of Brain

Clinical Tables

Muscle Tables

3 Back and Spinal Cord

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 161 Back: Surface Anatomy

Bones and Ligaments

Plate 162 Vertebral Column

Plate 163 Thoracic Vertebrae

Plate 164 Lumbar Vertebrae

Plate 165 Vertebrae: Radiograph and MRI

Plate 166 Sacrum and Coccyx

Plate 167 Vertebral Ligaments: Lumbosacral Region

Plate 168 Vertebral Ligaments: Lumbar Region

Spinal Cord

Plate 169 Spinal Cord and Anterior Rami

Plate 170 Relation of Spinal Nerve Roots to Vertebrae

Plate 171 Dermatomes

Plate 172 Sympathetic Nervous System: Schema

Plate 173 Parasympathetic Nervous System: Schema

Plate 174 Spinal Meninges and Nerve Roots

Plate 175 Spinal Nerve Origin: Cross Sections

Plate 176 Arteries of Spinal Cord: Schema

Plate 177 Arteries of Spinal Cord: Intrinsic Distribution

Plate 178 Veins of Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column

Plate 179 Veins of Vertebral Column: Vertebral Veins

Muscles and Nerves

Plate 180 Muscles of Back: Superficial Layer

Plate 181 Muscles of Back: Intermediate Layer

Plate 182 Muscles of Back: Deep Layer

Plate 183 Nerves of Back

Plate 184 Suboccipital Triangle

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Plate 185 Lumbar Region of Back: Cross Section

Plate 186 Typical Thoracic Spinal Nerve: Cross Section

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP33 Vertebral Ligaments

Plate BP34 Cervical Spine: Radiographs

Plate BP35 Cervical Spine: MRI and Radiograph

Plate BP36 Thoracolumbar Spine: Lateral Radiograph

Plate BP37 Lumbar Vertebrae: Radiographs

Plate BP38 Lumbar Spine: MRIs

Plate BP39 Sympathetic Nervous System: General Topography

Plate BP40 Parasympathetic Nervous System: General Topography

Plate BP41 Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses: Schema

Plate BP42 Vertebral Veins: Detail Showing Venous Communications

Plate BP43 Spinal Cord Cross Sections: Fiber Tracts

Clinical Table

Muscle Tables

4 Thorax

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 187 Thorax: Surface Anatomy

Mammary Gland

Plate 188 Mammary Gland

Plate 189 Arteries of Mammary Gland

Plate 190 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Mammary Gland

Plate 191 Lymphatic Drainage of Breast

Body Wall

Plate 192 Bony Framework of Thorax

Plate 193 Ribs and Associated Joints

Plate 194 Anterior Thoracic Wall

Plate 195 Anterior Thoracic Wall (continued)

Plate 196 Anterior Thoracic Wall: Internal View

Plate 197 Intercostal Nerves and Arteries

Plate 198 Veins of Internal Thoracic Wall

Plate 199 Phrenic Nerve

Plate 200 Respiratory Diaphragm: Thoracic Surface

Plate 201 Respiratory Diaphragm: Abdominal Surface

Lungs

Plate 202 Topography of Lungs: Anterior View

Plate 203 Topography of Lungs: Posterior View

Plate 204 Lungs in Situ: Anterior View

Plate 205 Lungs: Medial Views

Plate 206 Bronchopulmonary Segments

Plate 207 Bronchopulmonary Segments (continued)

Plate 208 Trachea and Major Bronchi

Plate 209 Bronchi and Intrapulmonary Airways

Plate 210 Great Vessels of Superior Mediastinum

Plate 211 Bronchial Arteries and Veins

Plate 212 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lung

Plate 213 Autonomic Nerves of Thorax

Plate 214 Innervation of Tracheobronchial Tree: Schema

Heart

Plate 215 Heart in Situ

Plate 216 Heart: Anterior Exposure

Plate 217 Heart: Radiographs and CT Angiogram; Auscultation of Heart

Plate 218 Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surface

Plate 219 Pericardial Sac

Plate 220 Mediastinum: Cross Section

Plate 221 Thorax: Coronal Section of Heart and Ascending Aorta

Plate 222 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins

Plate 223 Coronary Arteries: Imaging

Plate 224 Right Atrium and Ventricle

Plate 225 Left Atrium and Ventricle

Plate 226 Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart

Plate 227 Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart (continued)

Plate 228 Atria, Ventricles, and Interventricular Septum

Plate 229 Conducting System of Heart

Plate 230 Nerves of Thorax

Plate 231 Innervation of Heart: Schema

Plate 232 Innervation of Blood Vessels: Schema

Plate 233 Prenatal and Postnatal Circulation

Mediastinum

Plate 234 Mediastinum: Right Lateral View

Plate 235 Mediastinum: Left Lateral View

Plate 236 Esophagus in Situ

Plate 237 Topography and Constrictions of Esophagus

Plate 238 Musculature of Esophagus

Plate 239 Esophagogastric Junction

Plate 240 Arteries of Esophagus

Plate 241 Veins of Esophagus

Plate 242 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Esophagus

Plate 243 Nerves of Esophagus

Regional Scans

Plate 244 Chest Scans: Axial CT Images

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Plate 245 Cross Section of Thorax at T3 Level

Plate 246 Cross Section of Thorax at T3-4 Disc Level

Plate 247 Cross Section of Thorax at T4-5 Disc Level

Plate 248 Cross Section of Thorax at T7 Level

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP44 Respiratory System

Plate BP45 Cervical Ribs and Related Anomalies

Plate BP46 Muscle Attachments of Ribs

Plate BP47 Muscles of Respiration

Plate BP48 Intrapulmonary Airways: Schema

Plate BP49 Intrapulmonary Blood Circulation: Schema

Plate BP50 Gas Exchange

Plate BP51 Anterior Aspect of Heart

Plate BP52 Coronary Arteries: Right Anterior Oblique Views with Arteriograms

Plate BP53 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Variations

Plate BP54 Intrinsic Nerves and Variations in Nerves of Esophagus

Plate BP55 Arteries of Esophagus: Variations

Plate BP56 Thorax: Coronal Section (Midaxillary Line, Tracheal Bifurcation, Left Atrium)

Plate BP57 Thorax: Coronal CTs

Clinical Tables

Muscle Table

5 Abdomen

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 249 Abdomen: Surface Anatomy

Body Wall

Plate 250 Bony Framework of Abdomen

Plate 251 Regions and Planes of Abdomen

Plate 252 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Superficial Dissection

Plate 253 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Intermediate Dissection

Plate 254 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Deep Dissection

Plate 255 Rectus Sheath: Cross Section

Plate 256 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View

Plate 257 Posterolateral Abdominal Wall

Plate 258 Arteries of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 259 Veins of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 260 Nerves of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 261 Thoracoabdominal Nerves

Plate 262 Inguinal Region: Dissections

Plate 263 Inguinal Canal and Spermatic Cord

Plate 264 Femoral Sheath and Inguinal Canal

Plate 265 Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View

Plate 266 Arteries of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 267 Veins of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 268 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 269 Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Peritoneal Cavity

Plate 270 Greater Omentum and Abdominal Viscera

Plate 271 Mesenteric Relations of Intestines

Plate 272 Mesenteric Relations of Intestines (continued)

Plate 273 Omental Bursa: Stomach Reflected

Plate 274 Omental Bursa: Cross Section

Plate 275 Peritoneum of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Viscera (Gut)

Plate 276 Stomach in Situ

Plate 277 Mucosa of Stomach

Plate 278 Duodenum in Situ

Plate 279 Mucosa and Musculature of Small Intestine

Plate 280 Ileocecal Region

Plate 281 Ileocecal Region (continued)

Plate 282 (Vermiform) Appendix

Plate 283 Mucosa and Musculature of Large Intestine

Viscera (Accessory Organs)

Plate 284 Surfaces and Bed of Liver

Plate 285 Liver in Situ: Vascular and Duct Systems

Plate 286 Liver Structure: Schema

Plate 287 Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Bile Ducts, and Pancreatic Duct

Plate 288 Pancreas in Situ

Plate 289 Spleen

Visceral Vasculature

Plate 290 Arteries of Stomach, Liver, and Spleen

Plate 291 Arteries of Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, and Spleen

Plate 292 Celiac Arteriogram and CT Angiogram

Plate 293 Arteries of Duodenum and Head of Pancreas

Plate 294 Arteries of Small Intestine

Plate 295 Arteries of Large Intestine

Plate 296 Veins of Stomach, Duodenum, Pancreas, and Spleen

Plate 297 Veins of Small Intestine

Plate 298 Veins of Large Intestine

Plate 299 Hepatic Portal Vein Tributaries: Portacaval Anastomoses

Innervation

Plate 300 Autonomic Nerves and Ganglia

Plate 301 Autonomic Innervation of Stomach and Duodenum

Plate 302 Autonomic Innervation of Stomach and Duodenum (continued)

Plate 303 Autonomic Innervation of Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum: Schema

Plate 304 Autonomic Innervation of Small Intestine

Plate 305 Autonomic Innervation of Large Intestine

Plate 306 Autonomic Innervation of Intestines: Schema

Plate 307 Autonomic Reflex Pathways: Schema

Plate 308 Enteric Plexuses of Intestine

Plate 309 Autonomic Innervation of Liver: Schema

Plate 310 Autonomic Innervation of Pancreas: Schema

Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands

Plate 311 Kidneys in Situ: Anterior Views

Plate 312 Kidneys in Situ: Posterior Views

Plate 313 Renal Artery and Vein in Situ

Plate 314 Gross Structure of Kidney

Plate 315 Intrarenal Arteries and Renal Segments

Plate 316 Ureters in Abdomen and Pelvis

Plate 317 Arteries of Ureters and Urinary Bladder

Plate 318 Renal Fasciae

Plate 319 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Kidneys and Urinary Bladder

Plate 320 Autonomic Nerves of Kidneys, Ureters, and Urinary Bladder

Plate 321 Autonomic Innervation of Kidneys and Upper Ureters: Schema

Plate 322 Autonomic Nerves of Suprarenal Glands: Dissection and Schema

Plate 323 Arteries and Veins of Suprarenal Glands in Situ

Plate 324 Abdominal Wall and Viscera: Paramedian (Parasagittal) Section

Lymphatics

Plate 325 Abdominal and Pelvic Lymphatics: Schema

Regional Scans

Plate 326 Abdominal Scans: Axial CT Images

Plate 327 Abdominal Scans: Axial CT Images (continued)

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Plate 328 Cross Section at T10, Esophagogastric Junction

Plate 329 Cross Section at T12, Inferior to Xiphoid

Plate 330 Cross Section at T12–L1, Intervertebral Disc

Plate 331 Cross Section at L1–2, Intervertebral Disc

Plate 332 Cross Section at L3–4

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP58 Inguinal and Femoral Regions

Plate BP59 Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Plate BP60 Variations in Position and Contour of Stomach in Relation to Body Habitus

Plate BP61 Layers of Duodenal Wall

Plate BP62 CT and MRCP Showing Appendix, Gallbladder, and Ducts; Nerve Branches of Hepatic Artery

Plate BP63 Topography of Liver

Plate BP64 Variations in Form of Liver

Plate BP65 Sigmoid Colon: Variations in Position

Plate BP66 Variations in Arterial Supply to Cecum and Posterior Peritoneal Attachment of Cecum

Plate BP67 Variations in Pancreatic Duct

Plate BP68 Variations in Cystic, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Ducts

Plate BP69 Variations in Cystic Arteries

Plate BP70 Variations in Hepatic Arteries

Plate BP71 Variations and Anomalies of Hepatic Portal Vein

Plate BP72 Variations in Celiac Trunk

Plate BP73 Variations in Colic Arteries

Plate BP74 Variations in Colic Arteries (continued)

Plate BP75 Variations in Renal Artery and Vein

Plate BP76 Histology of Renal Corpuscle

Plate BP77 Nephron and Collecting Tubule: Schema

Plate BP78 Blood Vessels in Parenchyma of Kidney: Schema

Plate BP79 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Stomach

Plate BP80 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pancreas

Plate BP81 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Small Intestine

Plate BP82 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Large Intestine

Plate BP83 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Liver

Plate BP84 Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at Middle T12

Plate BP85 Transverse Section of Abdomen: Level of L5, Near Transtubercular Plane

Plate BP86 Transverse Section of Abdomen: Level of S1, Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Plate BP87 Axial CT Image of Upper Abdomen

Clinical Tables

Muscle Table

6 Pelvis and Perineum

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 333 Pelvis and Perineum: Surface Anatomy

Bones and Ligaments

Plate 334 Bony Framework of Pelvis

Plate 335 Male and Female Pelvis: Radiographs

Plate 336 Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements

Plate 337 Bones and Ligaments of Pelvis

Plate 338 Bones and Ligaments of Pelvis (continued)

Pelvic Floor and Contents

Plate 339 Pelvic Diaphragm: Female

Plate 340 Pelvic Diaphragm: Female (continued)

Plate 341 Pelvic Diaphragm: Female (continued)

Plate 342 Pelvic Diaphragm: Male

Plate 343 Pelvic Diaphragm: Male (continued)

Plate 344 Pelvic Contents: Female

Plate 345 Pelvic Viscera and Perineum: Female

Plate 346 Pelvic Viscera: Female

Plate 347 Endopelvic Fascia and Potential Spaces

Plate 348 Pelvic Contents: Male

Plate 349 Pelvic Viscera and Perineum: Male

Urinary Bladder

Plate 350 Urinary Bladder: Orientation and Supports

Plate 351 Female Sphincters

Plate 352 Urinary Bladder: Female and Male

Uterus, Vagina, and Supporting Structures

Plate 353 Uterus, Vagina, and Supporting Structures

Plate 354 Uterus: Fascial Ligaments

Plate 355 Uterus and Adnexa

Plate 356 Female Pelvic Relationships

Plate 357 Pelvic Ligaments

Perineum and External Genitalia: Female

Plate 358 Female Perineum and External Genitalia (Pudendum or Vulva)

Plate 359 Female Perineum (Superficial Dissection)

Plate 360 Female Perineum and Deep Perineum

Plate 361 Female Perineal Spaces

Perineum and External Genitalia: Male

Plate 362 Male Perineum and External Genitalia (Superficial Dissection)

Plate 363 Male Perineum and External Genitalia (Deeper Dissection)

Plate 364 Penis

Plate 365 Male Perineal Spaces

Plate 366 Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles

Plate 367 Urethra

Plate 368 Descent of Testis

Plate 369 Scrotum and Contents

Homologues of Genitalia

Plate 370 Homologues of External Genitalia

Plate 371 Homologues of Internal Genitalia

Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

Plate 372 Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

Rectum

Plate 373 Rectum in Situ: Female and Male

Plate 374 Ischioanal Fossae

Plate 375 Rectum and Anal Canal

Plate 376 Anorectal Musculature

Plate 377 External Anal Sphincter Muscle: Perineal Views

Plate 378 Actual and Potential Perineopelvic Spaces

Regional Scan

Plate 379 Pelvic Scans: Sagittal T2-Weighted MRIs

Vasculature

Plate 380 Arteries of Rectum and Anal Canal: Male Posterior View

Plate 381 Veins of Rectum and Anal Canal: Female Anterior View

Plate 382 Arteries and Veins of Pelvic Organs: Female Anterior View

Plate 383 Arteries and Veins of Testis: Anterior View

Plate 384 Arteries of Pelvis: Female

Plate 385 Arteries and Veins of Pelvis: Male

Plate 386 Arteries and Veins of Perineum and Uterus

Plate 387 Arteries and Veins of Perineum: Male

Plate 388 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pelvis and Genitalia: Female

Plate 389 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Perineum: Female

Plate 390 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pelvis and Genitalia: Male

Innervation

Plate 391 Nerves of External Genitalia: Male

Plate 392 Nerves of Pelvic Viscera: Male

Plate 393 Nerves of Perineum: Male

Plate 394 Nerves of Pelvic Viscera: Female

Plate 395 Nerves of Perineum and External Genitalia: Female

Plate 396 Neuropathways in Parturition

Plate 397 Innervation of Female Reproductive Organs: Schema

Plate 398 Innervation of Male Reproductive Organs: Schema

Plate 399 Innervation of Urinary Bladder and Lower Ureter: Schema

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Plate 400 Male Pelvis: Cross Section of Bladder–Prostate Gland Junction

Plate 401 Female Pelvis: Cross Section of Vagina and Urethra

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP88 Fasciae of Male and Female Pelvis and Perineum

Plate BP89 Male and Female Cystourethrograms

Plate BP90 Female Urethra

Plate BP91 Genetics of Reproduction

Plate BP92 Menstrual Cycle

Plate BP93 Testes

Plate BP94 Uterine Development

Plate BP95 Ovary, Ova, and Follicles

Plate BP96 Variations in Hymen

Plate BP97 Cross Section Through Prostate

Plate BP98 Arteries and Veins of Pelvis: Male

Clinical Tables

Muscle Tables

7 Upper Limb

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 402 Upper Limb: Surface Anatomy

Cutaneous Anatomy

Plate 403 Dermatomes of Upper Limb and Segmental Nerve Function

Plate 404 Cutaneous Innervation of Upper Limb

Plate 405 Cutaneous Nerves and Superficial Veins of Proximal Upper Limb

Plate 406 Cutaneous Nerves and Superficial Veins of Forearm and Hand

Plate 407 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Upper Limb

Shoulder and Axilla

Plate 408 Clavicle and Sternoclavicular Joint

Plate 409 Humerus and Scapula: Anterior Views

Plate 410 Humerus and Scapula: Posterior Views

Plate 411 Shoulder: Anteroposterior Radiograph

Plate 412 Shoulder with Details of Glenohumeral Joint

Plate 413 Muscles of Shoulder

Plate 414 Axilla: Posterior Wall

Plate 415 Muscles of Rotator (Compressor) Cuff

Plate 416 Pectoral, Clavipectoral, and Axillary Fasciae

Plate 417 Scapulothoracic and Shoulder Dissection

Plate 418 Axillary Artery and Anastomoses Around Scapula

Plate 419 Axilla: Anterior View

Plate 420 Brachial Plexus: Schema

Arm

Plate 421 Muscles of Arm: Anterior Views

Plate 422 Muscles of Arm: Posterior Views

Plate 423 Brachial Artery in Situ

Plate 424 Arteries of Arm and Proximal Forearm

Plate 425 Arm: Serial Cross Sections

Elbow and Forearm

Plate 426 Bones of Elbow

Plate 427 Elbow: Radiographs

Plate 428 Ligaments of Elbow

Plate 429 Bones of Forearm

Plate 430 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Rotators of Radius

Plate 431 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Extensors of Wrist and Digits

Plate 432 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Flexors of Wrist

Plate 433 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Flexors of Digits

Plate 434 Muscles of Forearm (Superficial Layer): Posterior View

Plate 435 Muscles of Forearm (Deeper Layer): Posterior View

Plate 436 Muscles of Forearm (Superficial Layer): Anterior View

Plate 437 Muscles of Forearm (Intermediate Layer): Anterior View

Plate 438 Muscles of Forearm (Deep Layer): Anterior View

Plate 439 Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Anterior View

Plate 440 Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Posterior View

Plate 441 Forearm: Serial Cross Sections, Anterior View

Wrist and Hand

Plate 442 Carpal Bones

Plate 443 Movements of Wrist

Plate 444 Ligaments of Wrist

Plate 445 Ligaments of Wrist (Continued)

Plate 446 Bones of Wrist and Hand

Plate 447 Wrist and Hand: Radiographs

Plate 448 Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Ligaments

Plate 449 Wrist and Hand: Superficial Palmar Dissections

Plate 450 Wrist and Hand: Deeper Palmar Dissections

Plate 451 Lumbrical Muscles and Bursae, Spaces, and Sheaths: Schema

Plate 452 Flexor Tendons, Arteries, and Nerves at Wrist

Plate 453 Bursae, Spaces, and Tendon Sheaths of Hand

Plate 454 Flexor and Extensor Tendons in Fingers

Plate 455 Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

Plate 456 Arteries and Nerves of Hand: Palmar Views

Plate 457 Wrist and Hand: Superficial Dissection

Plate 458 Wrist and Hand: Superficial Dorsal Dissection

Plate 459 Nerves and Arteries of Dorsal Hand and Wrist

Plate 460 Extensor Tendons at Wrist

Plate 461 Fingers

Neurovasculature

Plate 462 Cutaneous Innervation of Wrist and Hand

Plate 463 Arteries and Nerves of Upper Limb: Anterior View

Plate 464 Nerves of Upper Limb

Plate 465 Musculocutaneous Nerve: Anterior View

Plate 466 Median Nerve

Plate 467 Ulnar Nerve

Plate 468 Radial Nerve in Arm and Nerves of Posterior Shoulder: Posterior View

Plate 469 Radial Nerve in Forearm and Hand

Regional Imaging

Plate 470 Shoulder MRI and CT Scan

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP99 Veins of Upper Limb

Plate BP100 Arteries of Arm and Proximal Forearm

Plate BP101 Arteries of Forearm and Hand

Plate BP102 Ligaments of Wrist

Plate BP103 Flexor and Extensor Zones of Hand

Plate BP104 Section Through Metacarpal and Distal Carpal Bones

Plate BP105 Cross Section of Hand: Axial View

Plate BP106 Cross Section of Hand: Axial View (continued)

Clinical Tables

Muscle Tables

8 Lower Limb

Electronic Bonus Plates

Surface Anatomy

Plate 471 Lower Limb: Surface Anatomy

Cutaneous Anatomy

Plate 472 Dermatomes of Lower Limb and Segmental Nerve Function

Plate 473 Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb: Anterior View

Plate 474 Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb: Posterior View

Plate 475 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower Limb

Hip and Thigh

Plate 476 Coxal Bone

Plate 477 Hip Joint

Plate 478 Hip Joint: Anteroposterior Radiograph

Plate 479 Femur

Plate 480 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Anterior View

Plate 481 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Posterior View

Plate 482 Muscles of Thigh: Anterior Views

Plate 483 Muscles of Thigh: Anterior Views (continued)

Plate 484 Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Lateral View

Plate 485 Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Posterior Views

Plate 486 Psoas and Iliacus Muscles

Plate 487 Lumbosacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

Plate 488 Lumbar Plexus

Plate 489 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

Plate 490 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Anterior Views

Plate 491 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Anterior Views (continued)

Plate 492 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Posterior View

Plate 493 Nerves of Hip and Buttock

Plate 494 Hip Bursae: Posterior and Anterolateral Views

Plate 495 Arteries of Femoral Head and Neck

Plate 496 Thigh: Serial Cross Sections

Knee

Plate 497 Knee: Medial and Lateral Views

Plate 498 Knee: Anterior Views

Plate 499 Knee: Interior Views

Plate 500 Knee: Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments

Plate 501 Knee: Anteroposterior Radiograph and Posterior View

Plate 502 Knee: Posterior and Sagittal Views

Plate 503 Arteries of Lower Limb: Schema

Leg

Plate 504 Tibia and Fibula

Plate 505 Tibia and Fibula (continued)

Plate 506 Attachments of Muscles of Leg

Plate 507 Muscles of Leg (Superficial Dissection): Posterior View

Plate 508 Muscles of Leg (Intermediate Dissection): Posterior View

Plate 509 Muscles of Leg (Deep Dissection): Posterior View

Plate 510 Muscles of Leg: Lateral View

Plate 511 Muscles of Leg (Superficial Dissection): Anterior View

Plate 512 Muscles of Leg (Deep Dissection): Anterior View

Plate 513 Venous Drainage of Leg

Plate 514 Leg: Cross Sections and Fascial Compartments

Ankle and Foot

Plate 515 Bones of Foot

Plate 516 Bones of Foot (continued)

Plate 517 Calcaneus

Plate 518 Ligaments and Tendons of Ankle

Plate 519 Ligaments and Tendons of Foot: Plantar View

Plate 520 Tendon Sheaths of Ankle

Plate 521 Muscles of Dorsum of Foot: Superficial Dissection

Plate 522 Dorsum of Foot: Deep Dissection

Plate 523 Plantar Region of Foot: Superficial Dissection

Plate 524 Muscles of Plantar Region of Foot: First Layer

Plate 525 Muscles of Plantar Region of Foot: Second Layer

Plate 526 Muscles of Plantar Region of Foot: Third Layer

Plate 527 Interosseous Muscles and Deep Arteries of Foot

Plate 528 Interosseous Muscles of Foot

Neurovasculature

Plate 529 Femoral Nerve and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Plate 530 Obturator Nerve

Plate 531 Sciatic Nerve and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Plate 532 Tibial Nerve

Plate 533 Common Fibular Nerve

Regional Imaging

Plate 534 Hip MRI and 3D CT

Plate 535 Ankle: Radiographs

Electronic Bonus Plates

Plate BP107 Veins of Lower Limb

Plate BP108 Arteries of Thigh and Knee

Plate BP109 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip: Axial View

Plate BP110 Arteries of Knee and Foot

Plate BP111 Leg: Serial Cross Sections

Plate BP112 Osteology of Knee

Plate BP113 Knee Radiograph: Lateral View

Plate BP114 Anatomy of Foot: Nerves and Arteries

Plate BP115 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot

Plate BP116 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot (continued)

Plate BP117 Anatomy of Toenail

Clinical Tables

Muscle Tables

1 Head and Neck Study Guide

1.1 Topographic Surface Anatomy

Guide

Key Landmarks of Midline of the Neck

Other Landmarks of the Neck

Landmarks of the Face

Clinical Points

Tracheostomy

Needle Cricothyrotomy

Central Venous Line

1.2 Bones and Ligaments

Guide

Bones of Head and Neck

Skull

Major Sutures of the Skull.

Internal Features of Base of Skull.

Foramina of Skull.

Mandible

Temporomandibular Joint

Cervical Vertebrae

Anatomical Points

Clinical Points

Skull (Calvaria) Fractures

Le Fort Fractures

Memory Aids

1.3 Superficial Face

Guide

Face

Scalp

Vascular Supply of the Face

Arteries.

Veins.

Lymphatic Drainage of the Face

Innervation of the Face

Other Muscles Associated with the Face: Muscles of Mastication

Clinical Points

Scalp Lacerations

Blood or Infections in the Scalp

Facial Palsy (Bell’s Palsy)

Memory Aids

1.4 Neck

Guide

Neck—General Description

Triangles of the Neck

Fascial Layers of Neck

Carotid Sheath

Facial Spaces

Anatomical Points

Clinical Points

Torticollis

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Memory Aids

1.5 Nasal Region

Guide

Nasal Region

External Nose

Nasal Septum

Nasal Cavity

Paranasal Sinuses

Clinical Points

Nasal Obstruction

Epistaxis

Sinusitis

Memory Aids

1.6 Oral Region

Guide

Oral Cavity

Tongue

Palate

Salivary Glands

Clinical Points

Parotid Tumors

Sialoadenitis

Sialolithiasis

Memory Aids

1.7 Pharynx

Guide

Pharynx: General Anatomy

Muscles of Pharynx

Arterial Supply

Venous Drainage

Lymphatic Drainage

Innervation

Swallowing (Deglutition)

Anatomical Points

Clinical Points

Pharyngitis

Tonsillectomy

1.8 Larynx and Thyroid Gland

Guide

Larynx: General Anatomy

Laryngeal Skeleton

Membranes of Laryngeal Skeleton.

Internal Anatomy of the Larynx

Muscles of the Larynx

Joints of the Larynx and Movements at the Joints

Arterial Supply to Larynx

Venous Drainage of Larynx

Lymphatic Drainage of Larynx

Innervation of Larynx

Thyroid Gland

Innervation

Arterial Supply

Venous Drainage

Lymphatic Drainage

Innervation

Parathyroid Gland

Clinical Points

Severance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Thyroid Lumps

Hyperthyroidism

Mnemonics

1.9 Orbit and Contents

Guide

Bony Orbit

Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus

Eyelids

Lacrimal Apparatus

Contents of the Orbit

Eyeball

Light refraction.

Muscles of the Orbit

Vasculature of the Orbit

Innervation of the Orbit

Clinical Points

General Testing of Extra-Ocular Muscles

Cataract

Glaucoma

Orbital “Blow-Out” Fractures

Conjunctivitis

Memory Aids

1.10 Ear

Guide

Ear—Overview

External Ear

Middle Ear

Inner Ear

Clinical Points

Otitis Externa

Otitis Media

Weber Test and Rinne Test for Hearing

Weber Test

Rinne Test

1.11 Brain and Meninges

Guide

Brain

Brainstem

Arterial Supply to the Brain

Meninges

Venous Drainage of Brain

Dural Infoldings

Dural Venous Sinuses

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Vasculature of Dura

Clinical Points

Meningitis

Hydrocephalus

Brain Tumors

1.12 Cranial and Cervical Nerves

Guide

Cranial Nerves

Sensory Innervation of the Dura

Cervical Plexus

Clinical Points

Facial Nerve Palsy

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Ocular Nerve Palsy

Memory Aids

1.13 Cerebral Vasculature

Guide

Vascular Supply to the Brain

Arterial Supply

Internal Carotid Arteries.

Vertebral Arteries.

Cerebral Arteries.

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis).

Venous Drainage

Vascular Supply to Scalp, Face, and Neck

Arterial Supply

Common Carotid Artery.

External Carotid Artery.

Subclavian Artery.

Venous Drainage

Superficial Veins.

Deep Veins.

Lymphatic Drainage

Drainage of Face and Head.

Drainage of Neck.

Deep Cervical Nodes.

Jugular Lymphatic Trunks.

Clinical Points

Stroke

Berry Aneurysm

2 Back and Spinal Cord Study Guide

2.1 Topographic Anatomy

Guide

Clinical Points

Lumbar Puncture

Memory Aids

2.2 Bones and Ligaments

Guide

Vertebral Column

Vertebrae

Cervical Vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Joints

Clinical Points

Types of Vertebral Fractures

Cervical Hyperextension

Spinal Curvatures

Abnormal Curvatures

Kyphosis.

Spondylolisthesis.

Sacralization.

Memory Aids

2.3 Spinal Cord

Guide

Spinal Cord—Overview

Structure of Spinal Nerves

Meninges

Dermatomes

Vasculature of Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Clinical Points

Disc Herniation

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Spinal Cord Development

Epidural Block

Spinal Block

Memory Aids

2.4 Muscles and Nerves

Guide

Extrinsic Muscles of the Back

Intrinsic Muscles of the Back

Fascia

Vascular Supply to Muscles and Skin of the Back

Suboccipital Region

Branches of Spinal Nerves

Clinical Points

Back Pain

Back Strain

Whiplash

Memory Aids

3 Thorax Study Guide

3.1 Topographic Anatomy

Guide

Clinical Points

3.2 Mammary Gland

Guide

Structure of the Breast

Vasculature of the Breast

Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast

Clinical Points

Examination of the Breast

Pathology of the Breast

3.3 Body Wall

Guide

Layers

Intercostal Muscles

Intercostal Nerves

Ribs

Anatomical and Clinical Points

Important Vertebral Landmarks

Thoracocentesis

Importance of Certain Intercostal Spaces

Cervical Ribs

Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspiration

Memory Aids

3.4 Lungs

Guides

Thoracic Cavity, Pleurae, and Pleural Cavity

Lines of Pleural Reflection

Lungs

Bronchopulmonary Segments

Vasculature of the Lungs

Innervation of the Lungs

Clinical Points

Memory Aids

3.5 Heart

Guides

Pericardium

Heart

Orientation of the Heart: Border and Surfaces

Borders.

Surfaces (in normal anatomical position).

Chambers of the Heart

Right Atrium.

Right Ventricle.

Left Atrium.

Left Ventricle.

Coronary Circulation

Arteries.

Veins.

Innervation and Conducting System of the Heart

Heart Sounds

Clinical Points

Cardiac Tamponade

Pericardiocentesis

Cardiac-Referred Pain

Cardiac Bypass Graft (CABG)

Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs)

Pathologies of the Aorta

Valvular Insufficiencies

Memory Aids

3.6 Mediastinum

Guides

General Description

Structures in the Mediastinum

Clinical Points

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury

Chylothorax

Memory Aids

4 Abdomen Study Guide

4.1 Topographic Anatomy

Guide

Abdomen—Overview

Bony Landmarks of the Abdomen

Abdominal Contents

Abdominal Quadrants and Regions

Clinical Points

Mcburney’s Point and Appendicitis

Grey-Turner’s Sign

Cullen’s Sign

Memory Aids

4.2 Body Wall

Guide

Anterolateral Abdominal Wall

Fascial Layers

Muscles

Rectus Sheath

Innervation

Vascular Supply

Posterior Abdominal Wall

Fascial Layers

Muscles

Arteries of Posterior Abdominal Wall (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Veins of Posterior Abdominal Wall (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Lymphatics of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Wall (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Internal Features of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Hesselbach’s (Inguinal) Triangle.

Inguinal Canal: Feature of Anterior Abdominal Wall.

Clinical Points

Inguinal Hernia

Psoas Abscess

Memory Aids

4.3 Peritoneal Cavity

Guide

Peritoneum

Omenta

Mesenteries

Peritoneal Ligaments

Peritoneal Subdivisions

Anatomical Points

Clinical Points

Peritonitis

Ascites

4.4 Viscera (Gut)

Guide

Stomach

Vascular Supply (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Duodenum

Vascular Supply (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Jejunum and Ileum

Mesentery

Jejunum

Ileum

Vascular Supply (Section 4–6: Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Innervation)

Large Intestine (Colon)

Cecum

Ascending Colon

Transverse Colon

Descending Colon

Sigmoid Colon

Rectum and Anal Canal (see Section 5–9: Pelvis and Perineum—Rectum and Anal Canal)

Clinical Points

Hiatus Hernia

Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Intestinal Volvulus

Memory Aids

4.5 Viscera (Accessory Organs)

Guide

Liver

Surfaces

Ligaments

Recesses

Lobes

Porta Hepatis

Vascular Supply (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Gallbladder

Vascular Supply (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Pancreas

Vascular Supply (see Section 4.6, Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Spleen

Vascular Supply (Section 4–6: Abdomen—Visceral Vasculature)

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Anatomical Points

Clinical Points

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

Splenic Rupture

Subphrenic Abscess

Memory Aids

4.6 Visceral Vasculature

Guide

Arterial Supply

Unpaired Branches of Abdominal Aorta (see Section 4.2, Body Wall)

Celiac Trunk.

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA).

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA).

Median Sacral Artery.

Arterial Supply: Paired Branches of the Abdominal Aorta

Inferior Phrenic Arteries.

Middle Suprarenal Arteries.

Renal Arteries.

Gonadal Arteries.

Lumbar Arteries.

Common Iliac Arteries.

Venous Drainage (see Section 4.2. Body Wall)

Lymphatic Drainage (see Section 4.2, Abdomen—Body Wall and Section; Section 4.4, Abdomen—Viscera

Clinical Points

Portal Hypertension

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

4.7 Innervation

Guide

Autonomic Nerves

Parasympathetic Nerves

Sympathetic Nerves

Aortic Plexuses

Referred Pain

Somatic Nerves

Thoracoabdominal Nerves

Subcostal Nerves

Lumbar Plexus

Anatomical Points

Autonomic Innervation of the Abdominal Viscera

4.8 Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands

Guide

Kidneys

Vascular Supply

Innervation (see Section 4.7, Abdomen—Innervation)

Ureters

Vascular Supply

Innervation

Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

Vascular Supply

Innervation

Anatomical Points

Vascular Supply to the Kidney

Clinical Points

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)

Renal Cysts

5 Pelvis and Perineum Study Guide

5.1 Topographic Anatomy

Guide

Functions of the Pelvic Girdle

Key Landmarks

Clinical Points

Pregnancy

Acute Urinary Retention

Supracristal Line

Pilonidal Sinus

5.2 Bones and Ligaments

Guide

Bones and Boundaries of the Pelvis

Bony Pelvis

Pelvic Walls

Pelvic Cavity

Pelvic Inlet, Outlet, and Brim

Joints of the Pelvis

Lumbosacral Joints

Sacro-iliac Joint

Pubic Symphysis

Sacrococcygeal Joint

Ligaments of the Pelvis

Sex Differences of Pelvis

Anatomical Points

Measurements of the Pelvic Inlet

Clinical Points

Fractures of the Pelvis

Decubitus Ulcers

5.3 Pelvic Floor and Contents

Guide

Pelvic Floor

Muscles of Pelvic Floor

Muscles Lining Lateral Walls of Pelvis

Pelvic Fascia

Pelvic Contents

Clinical Points

Peritoneal Reflections

5.4 Urinary Bladder

Guide

Ureters

Urinary Bladder

General Structure

Arterial Supply

Venous Drainage

Female Urethra

Male Urethra

Clinical Points

Micturition

Fractures of Pelvis and Bladder Injury

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary Stress Incontinence

Memory Aids

5.5 Uterus, Vagina, and Supporting Structures

Guide

Structures

Uterus

Basic Structure.

Relationships of the Uterus.

Vascular Supply of Uterus (Including Cervix).

Innervation.

Variations in Position of the Uterus.

Vagina

Basic Structure.

Relationships of the Vagina.

Blood Supply.

Venous Drainage.

Innervation.

Ligaments Associated with the Uterus

Broad Ligament.

Ligament of the Ovary.

Round Ligament of the Uterus.

Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary.

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

Basic Anatomy.

Blood Supply.

Lymphatics.

Innervation.

Ovaries

Basic Structure.

Arterial Supply.

Venous Drainage.

Lymphatics.

Innervation.

Clinical Points

Cervical Cancer

Fibroids

5.6 Perineum and External Genitalia: Female

Guide

Perineum

General Organization (Same as Male)

Contents of the Anal Triangle (Same as Male)

Contents of Urogenital Triangle

Central Perineal Tendon (Perineal Body) (Same as Male)

Perineal Membrane

Fascia and Spaces of the Urogenital Triangle

Female External Genitalia

Anatomical Features

Vascular Supply and Innervation

Arterial Supply.

Venous Drainage.

Lymphatic Drainage.

Innervation.

Clinical Points

Bartholin Cyst

Carcinoma of the Vulva

Childbirth and the Perineal Body

5.7 Perineum and External Genitalia: Male

Guide

Perineum

General Organization (Same as Female)

Contents of Anal Triangle (Same as Female)

Contents of Urogenital Triangle

Central Perineal Tendon (Perineal Body) (Same as Female)

Perineal Membrane

Fascia and Spaces of Urogenital Triangle

Male External Genitalia

Scrotum

Penis

Innervation.

Arterial Supply.

Venous Drainage.

Clinical Points

Memory Aids

5.8 Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

Guide

Testes

Epididymis

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

Seminal Vesicles

Ejaculatory Ducts

Prostate Gland

Anatomical Points

Semen Contents

Mechanism of Ejaculation

Clinical Points

Hydrocele

Vasectomy

Testicular Cancer

Memory Aids

5.9 Rectum and Anal Canal

Guide

Rectum

Gross Structure

Relations

Blood Supply

Arterial.

Venous.

Lymphatic Drainage.

Innervation

Anal Canal

Gross Structure

Anorectal Musculature

Ischiorectal (Ischio-anal) Fossae.

Anatomical Points

Mechanism of Defecation (Emptying of Bowel)

Clinical Points

Anal Hemorrhoids (Varicosities)

Ischiorectal and Peri-Anal Abscesses

Rectal Prolapse

Digital Rectal Examination

5.10 Vasculature

Guide

Pelvic Vasculature

Arterial Supply to the Pelvis

Branches of Internal Iliac Artery and Structures Supplied.

Venous Drainage of the Pelvis

Lymphatic Drainage of the Pelvis

Perineal Vasculature

Arterial Supply of the Perineum

Venous Drainage of the Perineum

Lymphatic Drainage of the Perineum

Clinical Points

Varicocele

5.11 Innervation

Guide

Sacral Plexus (Somatic Contribution)

Autonomic Nerves

Sympathetic Innervation

Parasympathetic Innervation

Inferior Hypogastric (Pelvic) Plexus

General Structure

Contents

Clinical Points

Pudendal Nerve Block

Memory Aids

6 Upper Limb Study Guide

6.1 Topographic Anatomy

Guide

Bones

Muscles and Tendons

Arteries and Veins

Nerves

Anatomical Points

Functional Overview

Upper Limb Development

Clinical Points

Winged Scapula

6.2 Shoulder and Axilla

Guide

Bones

Joints

Bursae (Important Ones)

Muscles of the Scapula

Axilla

Clinical Points

Fracture of the Clavicle

Calcific Supraspinatus Tendonitis

Shoulder Dislocation

Rotator Cuff Injury

Memory Aids

6.3 Arm

Guide

Humerus

Fascia of the Arm

Muscles of the Arm

Cutaneous Nerves of Arm

Cubital Fossa

Clinical Points

Fracture of the Humerus

Biceps Tendonitis

Rupture of the Biceps Brachii Muscle

Memory Aids

6.4 Elbow and Forearm

Guide

Bones

Ulna

Radius

Elbow Joint

Fascial Compartments of Forearm

Muscles of the Forearm (Listed from Lateral to Medial)

Clinical Points

Subluxation of Radial Head (Nursemaid Elbow)

Bursitis of the Elbow

Epicondylitis

Memory Aids

6.5 Wrist and Hand

Guide

Radiocarpal (Wrist) Joint

Hand

Bones (27).

Major Joints of the Hand

Fascia of the Hand

Muscles of the Hand

Anatomical Points

Arterial Arches of the Hand

Anatomical Snuff Box

Clinical Points

Colles’ Fracture

Scaphoid Bone Fracture

Dupuytren’s Contracture

Memory Aids

6.6 Neurovasculature

Guide

Vascular Supply to the Upper Limb

Arterial Supply to the Arm

Axillary Artery.

Brachial Artery.

Profunda Brachii (Deep Artery of the Arm).

Arterial Supply to the Forearm

Ulnar Artery.

Radial Artery.

Arterial Supply to the Hand

Branches from the Ulnar Artery.

Venous Drainage of Hand and Forearm

Venous Drainage of Arm

Superficial Veins (Drain into Axillary Vein).

Deep Veins

Lymphatics

Innervation to Upper Limb

Brachial Plexus [C5–T1]

Dermatomes and Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb

Clinical Points

Brachial Plexus Injury

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Ulnar Nerve Injury

Radial Nerve Injury

Memory Aids

7 Lower Limb Study Guide

7.1 Topographic Anatomy

Guide

Bony Landmarks

Muscles and Tendons

Vessels

Other Palpable Landmarks

Anatomical Points

Functional Overview of the Lower Limb

Lower Limb Development

Clinical Points

Varicose Veins

7.2 Hip and Thigh

Guide

Hip Joint

Femur

Fascial Compartments of the Thigh

Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Muscles of the Thigh

Femoral Triangle

Adductor Canal (= Subsartorial Canal/Hunter’s Canal)

Anatomical Points

Hip Joint

Clinical Points

Femoral Hernia

Fractured Neck of Femur (“Broken Hip”)

Memory Aids

7.3 Knee

Guide

Knee Joint

Bones Articulating in the Knee Joint

Ligaments Reinforcing Fibrous Capsule

Bursae Around the Knee Joint

Popliteal Fossa

Clinical Points

Baker’s Cyst

Bursitis

Knee Injury

Memory Aids

7.4 Leg

Guide

Bones

Fascial Compartments

Joints

Muscles

Clinical Points

Compartment Syndrome

Shin Splints (Tibialis Anterior Muscle Strain)

Ruptured Achilles Tendon

Memory Aids

7.5 Ankle and Foot

Guide

Ankle Joint (Talocrural Joint)

Foot

Bones

Joints

Arches

Ligaments (Major Ligaments Listed)

Plantar Muscles

Dorsal Muscles of Foot

Fascia

Clinical Points

Ankle Sprain

Ankle Fracture

Plantar Fasciitis

Memory Aids

7.6 Neurovasculature

Guide

Vascular Supply: Arteries

Vascular Supply: Veins

Lymphatics

Nerves

Dermatomes

Myotomes

Clinical Points

Chronic Arterial Occlusive Disease

Footdrop

Meralgia Paresthetica (Gunslinger’s Neuralgia)

Memory Aids

References

Plates 15, 43-45, 50-52

Plates 26-28

Plate 30

Plates 31-36, 55, 56, 69, 75, 81

Plate 34

Plates 39, 41, 136-142

Plate 50

Plate 55

Plate 58

Plates 59, 69

Plate 60

Plate 66

Plates 67, 73

Plates 78, 106, 107

Plates 85, 86

Plates 91-93

Plate 98

Plates 112-125

Plates 115, 151

Plates 127-129, 135

Plates 169, 184

Plate 171

Plates 171, 403

Plates 171, 403, 472, 517

Plate 177

Plate 178

Plates 183, 184

Plates 188-190

Plate 206, 207

Plate 209

Plate 222

Plates 222, 223

Plate 229

Plates 229-231

Plate 243

Plate 286

Plates 290, 291

Plate 308

Plates 324, 349, 366, 378, 396

Plates 339, 345, 350, 353, 359, 360

Plates 343, 349

Plates 343, 349, 365, 366

Plate 356

Plate 385

Plate 472

Plate 494

Plate 513