Radiation Oncology Management Decisions 4th edition

Description:

 

Updated with details on the newest therapies and sporting a new full-color design, this latest edition of Radiation Oncology: Management Decisions continues to offer comprehensive guidance for residents as well as radiation oncologists already in professional practice. You’ll discover the latest treatment plans for numerous cancer sites and tumor types, including the mouth and sinus, gastrointestinal areas, lungs, bones, and blood. Concise, easy-to-read material you can use in a clinical setting immediately with patients!

 

Table of Contents:

 

Contents

1. Fundamentals of Patient Management

Management of the Patient with Cancer

Process of Radiation Therapy

Basis for Prescription of Irradiation

Radiation Treatment Planning

Three-Dimensional Treatment Planning

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Probability of Tumor Control

Normal Tissue Effects

Therapeutic Ratio (Gain)

Dose-Time Factors

Prolongation of Overall Treatment Time, Tumor Control, and Morbidity

Linear-Quadratic Equation (α/β Ratio)

Combination of Therapeutic Modalities

Preoperative Radiation Therapy

Postoperative Irradiation

Irradiation and Chemotherapy

Integrated Multimodality Cancer Management

Quality Assurance

Quality Assurance Committee

Psychological, Emotional, and Somatic Support for the Radiation Therapy Patient

Quality-of-Life Studies

Ethical Considerations

Professional Liability and Risk Management

Informed Consent

2. Beam Dosimetry, Physics, and Clinical Applications

Clinical Photon Beam Dosimetry

Single-Field Isodose Distributions

Buildup Region

Tissue Heterogeneities

Prostheses (Steel and Silicon)

Wedge Filters

Parallel-Opposed Fields

Field Shaping

Compensating Filters

Bolus

Separation of Adjacent X-Ray Fields

Field Junctions

Orthogonal Field Junctions

Radiation Therapy in Patients with Cardiac Pacemakers

Dosimetry for Peripheral Radiation to the Fetus

Effects by Gestational Age Postconception

Physics and Clinical Applications of Electron Beam Therapy

Physical Characteristics of Electron Beams

Clinical Characteristics of Electron Beams

Clinical Applications

3. Three-Dimensional Physics and Treatment Planning

Three-Dimensional Treatment Planning Systems

Conformal Radiation Therapy

Preplanning and Localization

Computed Tomography Imaging for Three-Dimensional Planning

Critical Structure, Tumor, and Target Volume Delineation

Designing Beams and Field Shaping

Dose Calculation

Plan Optimization and Evaluation

Treatment Documentation

Plan and Treatment Verification

Volume and Dose Specification for Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy

Practical Use of Gross Tumor Volume, Clinical Target Volume, and Planning Target Volume

Dose-Volume Histograms

Differential Dose-Volume Histograms

Cumulative Dose-Volume Histograms

Dose-Volume Statistics

Plan Evaluation Using Dose-Volume Histograms and Dose-Volume Statistics

Biologic Models

Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Quality Assurance for Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Future Directions in Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

4. Advanced Treatment Technology (IMRT, SRS, SBRT, IGRT, Proton Beam Therapy)

Basic Physical Principles of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Inverse Treatment Optimization and Criterion

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Delivery Systems

Fixed Field Multileaf Collimator

Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy

Fixed Field with Compensating Filter

Patient Immobilization and Image Acquisition

Specification of Prescription Dose

Target Delineation

Dosimetric Advantage of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Stereotactic Irradiation

Radiosurgery Techniques

Indications for Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Radiosurgery Systems

Gamma Knife

Linac-Based System

Target Volume Determination and Localization

Arteriovenous Malformations

Neoplasms

Arteriovenous Malformations

Gliomas

Brain Metastases

Meningiomas

Acoustic Neuromas

Imaging Studies after Radiosurgery

Total-Body and Hemibody Irradiation

Total-Body Irradiation

Hemibody Irradiation

Image-Guided Radiotherapy

Interfraction Adjustments

Intrafraction Alternations

Particle Beam Radiotherapy

5. Altered Fractionation Schedules

Irradiation Fractionation Regimens

Overall Time

Split-Course Versus Continuous-Course Treatment

Linear-Quadratic Equation

Hyperfractionation

Accelerated Fractionation

Clinical Studies

Predominantly Hyperfractionation: Phase I and II Studies

Predominantly Hyperfractionation: Phase III Studies

Type A: Continuous Short Intensive Courses

Type C: Concomitant Boost

Other Randomized Trials

Hypofractionation

Conclusions

6. Physics and Dosimetry of Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy Techniques

Dose Rate

Classic Systems for Interstitial Implants

Manchester System

Quimby System

Paris System

Intracavitary Treatment of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

Manchester Therapy System

Volumetric Specification of Intracavitary Treatment: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report No. 38

Intracavitary Brachytherapy Dose Specification

High Dose Rate Brachytherapy

Dosimetry

Dose or Volume Optimization

Radiobiologic Dosimetry

Linear-Quadratic Model for Brachytherapy

Biologically Effective Dose Calculation of Equivalence

High Dose Rate Applications

Dose Fractionation in High Dose Rate Brachytherapy

Image-Guided Brachytherapy in Cervical Cancer

Introduction

Methods

Dose Specification to Tumor and Organs at Risk

Future Directions

7. Unsealed Radionuclides: Physics and Clinical Applications

Iodine-131 (I)

Benign Thyroid Conditions

Malignant Thyroid Conditions

Phosphorus-32 (P)

Polycythemia Vera

Malignant Ascites or Pleural Effusion

Samarium-153 (Sm) (Quadramet)

Strontium-89 (Sr)

Bony Metastases

Rhenium-186 (Re)

Yttrium-90 (Y)

Quality Assurance and Nuclear Regulatory Commission

8. Late Effects of Cancer Treatment and the QUANTEC Review

Background

Brain

Spinal Cord

Lung

Heart

Esophagus

Liver

Kidney

Small and Large Intestines

Salivary Glands

Cornea, Lacrimal Gland, and Lens

Retina and Optic Tract

9. Skin Cancer, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, and Cutaneous Lymphoma

Skin

Anatomy

Epidemiology

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Clinicopathologic Manifestations

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Melanoma

Staging

General Management of Malignant Melanoma

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

General Management of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Skin Irradiation

Non–Aids-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

Pathology

General Management

Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Immunosuppressed States

Aids-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

Pathology

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Short-Term Sequelae

Long-Term Sequelae

10. Management of Adult Central Nervous System Tumors

Brain, Brainstem, and Cerebellum

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Histopathology and Staging

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Chemotherapy

Sequelae of Treatment

Management of Individual Tumors

Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma (High-Grade Gliomas)

Low-Grade Astrocytomas and Oligodendrogliomas

Brainstem Gliomas

Ependymoma

Medulloblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Pineal Region

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas

Meningioma

Craniopharyngioma

Acoustic Neuroma and Neurofibroma

Hemangioblastoma and Hemangiopericytoma

Pituitary

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Adenomas with Mass Effect

Sequelae of Treatment

Spinal Canal

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Radiation Therapy Doses

Intramedullary Ependymomas and Astrocytomas

Ependymomas of the Cauda Equina

Meningiomas

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Brain

Optic Nerve and Chiasm

Brainstem

Spinal Cord

11. Nasopharynx

Anatomy

Epidemiology and Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Rationale for IMRT

Brachytherapy

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC

Chemotherapy

Sequelae of Treatment

Retreatment of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Patients Younger Than 30 Years of Age

12. Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Anatomy

Natural History

Nasal Vestibule

Diagnostic Workup

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Nasal Vestibule

Nasal Cavity

Paranasal Sinuses

Rare Histologies

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Surgery

Radiation Therapy

13. Salivary Glands

Anatomy

Parotid Gland

Submandibular Gland

Sublingual Gland

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Major Salivary Gland

Minor Salivary Gland

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Parotid Gland

Submandibular Gland

Pleomorphic Adenoma

Minor Salivary Gland

Sequelae of Treatment

14. Oral Cavity

Anatomy

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Histology

Natural History and Patterns of Spread

Lip

Buccal Mucosa

Gingiva

Retromolar Trigone

Hard Palate

Floor of the Mouth

Oral Tongue

Presentation

Workup

Staging

General Management

Surgical Technique and Site-Specific Considerations

Management of Neck Nodes

Radiation Therapy Techniques

External Beam Radiation Therapy

Interstitial Irradiation

Intraoral Cone

Treatment of Specific Subsites

Lip

Buccal Mucosa

Gingiva

Floor of the Mouth

Oral Tongue

Outcomes and Follow-Up

Sequelae of Treatment

Surgical Complications

Radiation Complications

15. Oropharynx and Hypopharynx

Oropharynx

Anatomy

Etiology

Epidemiology

Natural History and Patterns of Spread

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management by Stage

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Hypopharynx

Anatomy

Natural History and Patterns of Spread

Diagnostic Workup

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

16. Larynx

Anatomy

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Natural History

Supraglottic Larynx

Glottic Larynx

Subglottic Larynx

Lymphatic Spread

Diagnostic Workup

Management

Glottic (Vocal Cord) Carcinoma

Supraglottic Larynx Carcinoma

Comparison of Surgery and Radiation Therapy

Chemoradiotherapy for Laryngeal Preservation

IMRT Target Volume Delineation

Definitive IMRT for Laryngeal Carcinoma (Intact Larynx)

Postoperative IMRT for Laryngeal Carcinoma

Follow-Up

Sequelae of Treatment

Surgical Sequelae

Radiation Therapy Sequelae

17. Rare Tumors of the Head and Neck

Nonepithelial Tumors of the Head and Neck

Glomus Tumors

Hemangiopericytoma

Chordomas

Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T-Cell Lymphoma

Myeloid Sarcoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma

Extramedullary Plasmacytomas

Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Nonlentiginous Melanoma

Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

Sarcomas of the Head and Neck

Ear

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation and Pathologic Classification

Diagnostic Workup

Prognostic Factors

Staging System

Treatment

Outcomes

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Eye

Anatomy

Ocular Malignancies

Uveal Tumors

Retinoblastoma

Optic Glioma

Orbital Tumors

Lacrimal Gland Tumors

Normal Tissue Complications/Sequelae of Treatment

18. Thyroid

Anatomy

Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

19. Lung

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Volumes, Portals, Beam Arrangements, and Planning

Tumor Doses

Brachytherapy

Superior Sulcus Lung Carcinoma

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Sequelae of Therapy

Acute Sequelae

Late Sequelae

Mediastinum and Trachea

Anatomy

Thymomas

Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors

Tracheal Tumors

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Sequelae of Treatment

20. Esophagus

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Single-Modality Therapy

Multimodality Therapy

Palliative Treatment

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Radiation Dose

Normal Tissue Complications: Quantec Results

Sequelae of Treatment

Surgery

Radiation Therapy

21. Breast: Stage Tis, T1, and T2 Tumors

Epidemiology

Risk Factors

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Pathologic Studies

Pathologic Classification

Staging

Prognostic Factors for Relapse and Survival

Patient Factors

Axillary Nodal Status

Tumor Size

Histologic Type

Histologic Grade

Proliferation Index

Lymphatic and Vascular Invasion

Hormonal Receptor and HER2 Status

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

Treatment of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Future Direction

Management of Invasive Breast Cancer

Breast Conservation

Surgical Management of Axillary Lymph Nodes

Irradiation of Regional Lymph Nodes

Use of a Lumpectomy Boost

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation

Omission of Radiation Therapy

Adjuvant Systemic Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques for Whole-Breast Irradiation

Beam Arrangement

Normal Tissue and Late Complications

Follow-Up of Patients Treated with Conservation Surgery and Irradiation

22. Breast: Locally Advanced (T3 and T4), Inflammatory, and Recurrent Tumors

Natural History and Clinical Presentation

Locally Advanced (T3 and T4) Tumors

Diagnostic Workup

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Surgery

Management of the Axilla After Neoadjuvant Therapy

Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Irradiation of the Inoperable Breast

Irradiation of the Chest Wall

Field Borders

Matchline Technique

Doses

Locoregional Recurrence After Mastectomy

Sequelae of Therapy

23. Stomach

Anatomy

Epidemiology

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Multimodality Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Sequelae of Treatment

24. Pancreas and Hepatobiliary Tract

Pancreatic Cancer

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Biliary Tract Cancer

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Liver Cancer

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Sequelae of Treatment

Biliary Duct Tolerance

25. Colon and Rectum

Anatomy

Rectum

Colon

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Pathology

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Patterns of Failure after Curative Resection

Colon

Rectum

Radiation Therapy Techniques

External Beam Radiation Therapy

Sphincter Preservation

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Dose-Volume Constraints for Conventional Fractionation up to 78 Gy

Sequelae of Treatment

Targeted Therapies

26. Anal Canal

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Combined-Modality Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Normal Tissue Complications

Perianal

Sequelae of Therapy

27. Upper Urinary Tract

Kidney, Renal Pelvis, and Ureter

Anatomy

Natural History

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Clinical Presentation

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Diagnostic Workup

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

General Management

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal Pelvis and Ureter Carcinoma

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Sequelae of Therapy

28. Bladder

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Superficial Bladder Cancer

Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Chemotherapy

Targeted Therapies

Radiotherapy Techniques

Normal Tissue Complications

Sequelae of Therapy

29. Prostate

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Prognostic Factors

Tumor-Related Factors

Host-Related Factors

Radiographic Versus Surgical Staging

Pathology

General Management

Natural Course of Disease

Hormone Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Irradiation and Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy

Irradiation of the Breast before Hormonal Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

External Irradiation

Tumor Doses

Target Delineation for Prostate Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Low- and Intermediate-Risk Disease

High-Risk Disease with Nodes at Risk

Interstitial Irradiation

Postoperative Radiation Therapy

Postprostatectomy Salvage Radiotherapy

Target Delineation for Postprostatectomy Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Planning Parameters: Postoperative CTV1

Normal Tissue Complications: QUANTEC Results

Sequelae of Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Combined Surgery and Irradiation

30. Testis

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Stage I Seminoma

Stage II TO III Seminoma

Surveillance Protocols

Nonseminoma

Treatment-Related Toxicity

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Adjuvant RT for Stage I Seminoma

RT for Stage II Seminoma

31. Urethra and Penis

Female Urethra

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Penis and Male Urethra

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Chemotherapy

Normal Tissue Complications—QUANTEC Results

Sequelae of Treatment

32. Uterine Cervix

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Natural History and Patterns of Spread

Clinical Presentation

Screening and Diagnostic Workup

Human Papillomavirus

Papanicolaou Smear and Screening Guidelines

Physical Exam, Blood Work, and Biopsy

Imaging

Staging

Surgical Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

Risk of Lymph Node Involvement

Recurrence and Survival

General Management

Treatment Recommendations by Stage

Carcinoma In Situ

Stage IA1

Stage IA2

Stages IB and IIA

Stage IIB to IVB

Recurrent Disease

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

Invasive Cancer Incidentally Diagnosed Following Simple Hysterectomy

Chemotherapy Regimens

Radiation Therapy

Introduction

External Beam Radiation Therapy

Brachytherapy

Sequelae of Radiation Therapy

Carcinoma of the Cervix and Pregnancy

Management

Outcomes in Pregnant Patients

Carcinoma of the Cervical Stump

Seminal Randomized Clinical Trials

Summary

Definitive Radiation Therapy Versus Surgery for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer

Adjuvant Therapy after Radical Hysterectomy

Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiation Versus Radiotherapy Alone

Chemotherapy Regimens

Clinical Trials

33. Endometrium

Anatomy

Epidemiology

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Operable FIGO Stage I Endometrial Carcinoma

Operable FIGO Stage II Endometrial Carcinoma

Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Disease

Advanced Stage FIGO Stage III to IV

Medically Inoperable Patients

Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma

Radiation Therapy Techniques

External Beam Radiation Treatment

Brachytherapy

Medically Inoperable

Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma

Sequelae of Treatment

Randomized Studies for Adjuvant Radiation

Randomized Studies for Lymphadenectomy

Randomized Studies for Chemotherapy

34. Ovary and Fallopian Tube

Introduction

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Natural History

Pathologic Classification

Screening

CA-125

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Prognostic Factors

Lymph Node Involvement

Survival

General Management

Surgery

Systemic Therapy for Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma

Early-Stage Disease

Advanced-Stage Disease

Recurrent Disease

Management of Less Common Ovarian Histologies

Borderline Epithelial Tumors

Carcinosarcoma

Clear Cell Carcinoma

Malignant Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors

Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Radiation Therapy

Colloidal Intraperitoneal Phosphorus-32

Adjuvant Radiotherapy

Consolidative Radiotherapy

Salvage Radiotherapy

Clear Cell Carcinoma

Palliative Radiotherapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Whole Abdomen Radiation Therapy

Involved Field Radiation Therapy

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Sequelae of Radiation Therapy

35. Vagina

Anatomy

Epidemiology and Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathology

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Melanoma

Sarcoma

Others

General Management

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III to IVA

Other Histologies

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

Melanoma

Sarcoma

Outcomes

Radiation Therapy Techniques

External Beam Radiation Therapy

Simulation

Two-Dimensional (2D) Treatment Planning

Three-Dimensional (3D) Treatment Planning

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy

Brachytherapy

Intracavitary Brachytherapy

Interstitial Brachytherapy

Sequelae of Treatment

36. Vulva

Introduction

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Stage I and II Tumors

Stage III and IV Tumors

Adjuvant Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Patient Positioning and Simulation

Radiation Therapy Doses

Radiation Therapy Targets

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Treatment for Recurrent Lesions

Sequelae of Treatment

Randomized Studies

37. Hodgkin Lymphoma

Natural History and Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Combined-Modality Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Mantle

Preauricular Field

Subdiaphragmatic Fields

3D Treatment Planning

Favorable Prognosis Stage I to IIA Disease (Supradiaphragmatic)

Favorable Prognosis Stage I to IIA Disease (Subdiaphragmatic)

Limited Presentations of Stage I to IIA Nodular Lymphocyte Predominance HL

Unfavorable Prognosis Stage I to II (Supradiaphragmatic) Classical HL

Stage III or IV Disease

Pediatric and Elderly Management

Hodgkin Lymphoma during Pregnancy and in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients

Treatment for Relapse

Stem Cell Transplant

Follow-Up

Sequelae of Treatment

38. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Etiology

Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy and Combined-Modality Therapy

Management by Histologic Type, Site, and Stage

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas: Stage I/II

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas: Stage III/IV

Follicular Lymphoma: Stages I and II

Follicular Lymphoma: Stages III and IV

Marginal Zone Lymphomas

Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas

Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Primary Extranodal Lymphomas

Gastrointestinal Lymphoma

DLBCL Gastric Lymphoma

MALT Gastric Lymphoma

Intestinal Lymphoma

Salivary Gland Lymphoma

Thyroid Lymphoma

Orbital Lymphoma

Breast Lymphoma

Testicular Lymphoma

Bone Lymphoma

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Cutaneous Lymphoma

39. Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytomas

Epidemiology

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Solitary Plasmacytoma

Diagnostic Workup

Multiple Myeloma

Plasmacytoma

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Solitary Plasmacytoma

Multiple Myeloma

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Chemotherapy

Novel Biologic Agents

Radiation Therapy

Total Body and Hemibody Irradiation

Radioimmunotherapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Solitary Plasmacytomas

Multiple Myeloma

Acknowledgment

40. Primary Bone Tumors, Including Ewing’s Sarcoma

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation and Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Osteosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

Giant Cell Tumor

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Chordoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Osteosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

Giant Cell Tumor

Chordoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Sequelae of Treatment

Follow-Up/Surveillance

41. Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Anatomy

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Follow-Up/Surveillance

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (Excluding Retroperitoneum)

Anatomy

Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors

Pathologic Classification

Diagnostic Workup

Staging System

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Chemotherapy

Sequelae of Treatment

42. Brain Tumors in Children

Anatomy and Development

Medulloblastoma

Management

Radiation Therapy

Embryonal Tumors/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Malignant Rhabdoid or Atypical Teratoid Tumors

Management

Ependymoma

Prognostic Factors

Management

Radiation Therapy

Malignant Brain Tumors in Infants and Young Children

Management

Low-Grade Gliomas

Low-Grade Diencephalic Gliomas (Optic Chiasmatic/Hypothalamic Gliomas, Low-Grade Thalamic Gliomas)

Low-Grade Cerebral Hemispheric Gliomas

Cerebellar Astrocytomas

Malignant Gliomas

Management

Radiation Therapy

Brainstem Gliomas

Management

Radiation Therapy

Craniopharyngioma

Management

Radiation Therapy

Pineal Region Tumors and Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Management

Radiation Therapy

Sequelae of Treatment

43. Wilms’ Tumor

Natural History

Prognostic Factors

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Late Effects of Treatment

44. Neuroblastoma

Natural History

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Treatment

Early Complications

Late Effects

45. Rhabdomyosarcoma

Anatomy

Natural History and Patterns of Spread

Prognostic Factors

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Pathologic Classification

General Management

Orbit

Head and Neck: Parameningeal Sites

Head and Neck: Nonparameningeal Sites

Pelvis

Extremity

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Sequelae of Therapy

46. Lymphomas in Children

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Pathologic Classification

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging

Prognostic Factors

General Management

Radiation Therapy Alone

Chemotherapy Alone

Combined Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Risk-Adapted Therapy

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Pathologic Classification

Prognostic Factors

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

Staging Systems

General Management

Radiation Therapy

Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of Bone

Central Nervous System Prophylaxis and Overt Central Nervous System Disease

Testicular Lymphoma

Sequelae of Radiation Therapy

47. Radiation Treatment of Benign Disease

Technical Considerations

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Eye

Thyroid Ophthalmopathy

Orbital Pseudotumor

Pterygium

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Central Nervous System

Arteriovenous Malformations

Skin

Keloids

Plantar Warts

Keratoacanthoma

Hemangiomas

Cutaneous Hemangiomas

Ocular Angiomas

Cavernous Hemangioma of the Liver

Soft Tissue

Bursitis and Tendinitis

Desmoid Tumor

Peyronie’s Disease

Prevention of Vascular Restenosis

Arrhythmias

Bone

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Vertebral Hemangioma

Heterotopic Bone Formation

Glandular Tissue

Gynecomastia

Parotitis

Sialorrhea

Conclusion

48. Palliation: Brain, Spinal Cord, Bone, and Visceral Metastases

Brain Metastases

Epidemiology and Natural History

Prognostic Factors

Diagnostic Workup

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Spinal Cord Compression

Natural History

Prognostic Factors

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Workup

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Bone Metastases

Natural History

Diagnostic Workup

General Management

Radiation Therapy Techniques

Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

Diagnosis

Treatment

49. Pain Management in Radiation Oncology

Introduction

Assessment

Mitigating Risk

Pharmacologic Treatment of Cancer Pain

Management of Neuropathic Pain

Management of Bone Pain

Management of Opioid-Related Side Effects

Opioid Rotation

Strategies for Refractory Pain

Appendix: Commonly Prescribed Drugs

Index

 

An aparitie	2018
Autor	K.S. Clifford Chao, Carlos A. Perez and Tony J. C. Wang
Dimensiuni	15.2 x 3.6 x 22.9 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9781496391094
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	900