Description: Innovations in technology have hugely enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of today’s practising clinicians. Yet the traditional art of detecting clinical signs through expert examination techniques remains a fundamental competence for training and practising clinicians, central to the delivery of safe and effective patient care. This first edition of Macleod’s Essential Examination provides an innovative, concise account of each body system examination, delivering the information in a compact, portable format for use at home and in the clinical environment. It can be used in conjunction with the more extensive and hugely successful ‘parent’ textbook Macleod’s Clinical Examination, with which it is closely integrated, or as a stand-alone aide-memoire. This quick-reference, highly practical guide will assist in preparation for OSCEs and in clinical practice. Each chapter follows a consistent format, opening with typical OSCE scenarios followed by a concise ‘point by point’ examination template. This is then expanded with a detailed description of each aspect of the examination process, including specific instructions around technique and information about key clinical signs to consider. Exam tips are also provided, along with typical questions likely to be asked during an OSCE. Answers are given are at the end of each chapter, making it an invaluable resource for both self-assessment and in peer-to-peer learning.
Features:
The book provides a standardised framework for examination of all the major body systems. Using a novel tabular approach the book provides a clear set of guidelines on what to do at each stage of the clinical examination. It also reminds the reader what are the corresponding key points to think about and sets out associated exam tips. The exam tips are subsequently linked to potential examiner’s questions. Each system ends with a reminder of how to present the findings and relevant tips to maximise your success.
Table Of Contents:
Examination of the cardiovascular system Examination of the respiratory system Examination of the gastrointestinal system Examination of the neurological system Examination of the musculoskeletal system Examination of the endocrine system Examination of the reproductive system Examination in paediatrics Examination of the critically ill patient Examination of the poisoned patient Examination of the psychiatric patient OSCE classic cases Examination and death Index of diagnoses

 

 

Description: For over half a century Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine has informed and educated students, doctors and other health professionals all over the world, providing a comprehensive account of the practice of medicine. Davidson’s Essentials of Medicine provides the core content of the main textbook in a condensed format which will be invaluable whenever you are on the move - whether commuting, travelling between training sites, or on electives.
Features:
This book provides a distillation of the core information required for clinical studies in medicine. While retaining the acclaimed readability of the main textbook it presents the key information in a format more appropriate for practical clinical work. The scope of the contents was carefully selected by a team of junior doctors, emphasising only the topics that will be essential for clinical studies. The text draws directly on the depth and breadth of experience of the Davidson’s authors and its International Advisory Board.
New To This Edition:
Updated to include key changes and new illustrations included in Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. New chapters on Acute Medicine and Ophthalmology
Table Of Contents:
Poisons, toxicology and envenomation Acute medicine and critical illness Infectious diseases Clinical biochemistry and metabolism Kidney and urinary tract disease Cardiovascular disease Respiratory disease Endocrine disease Nutrition and disease Diabetes mellitus Alimentary tract and pancreatic disease Liver and biliary tract disease Blood disease Rheumatology and bone disease Neurological disease Medical ophthalmology Skin disease Ageing and disease Reference ranges

 

Now in its tenth edition, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine has been fully revised, with five new authors on the writing team bringing content fresh from the bedside.

Space has been breathed into the design, with more core material at your fingertips in quick-reference lists and flow diagrams, and key references have been honed to the most up-to-date and relevant. Each page has been updated to reflect the latest changes in practice and best management, and the chapters on gastroenterology, history and examination, infectious disease, neurology, and radiology have been extensively revised.

Unique among medical texts, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine is a complete and concise guide to the core areas of medicine that also encourages thinking about the world from the patient's perspective, offering a holistic, patient-centred approach.

Loved and trusted by millions for over three decades, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine continues to be a truly indispensable companion for the practice of modern medicine.

As per the directives from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, the National Board of Examinations (NBE) would be conducting a computer-based multiple choice questions (MCQs) examination. Candidates appearing for DM (Endocrinology) Entrance Examinations would be expected to answer 40% questions from the feeder specialty and 60% questions would be in Endocrinology. This book is aimed to give students an idea of the kind of questions that they might expect/anticipate in the examinations. Based on the pattern of NEET DM Endocrinology entrance examination. Presented in an easy to read layout. Divided into 25 chapters as per the pattern. Concise answers and explanations. References from standard textbooks. Useful diagrams and tables are incorporated.

A full-color case-based review of the essentials of pathophysiology covering all major organs and systems

The goal of this trusted text is to introduce you to clinical medicine by reviewing the pathophysiologic basis of 132 diseases (and associated signs and symptoms) commonly encountered in medical practice. The authors, all experts in their respective fields, have provided a concise review of relevant normal structure and function of each body system, followed by a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie several common diseases related to that system. The accessible presentation features high-quality full-color illustrations, and numerous tables and diagrams.


Each chapter of Pathophysiology of Disease concludes with a collection of case studies and questions designed to test your understanding of the pathophysiology of each clinical entity discussed. These case studies allow you to apply your knowledge to specific clinical situations. Detailed answers to each case study question are provided at the end of the book. 


This unique interweaving of physiological and pathological concepts will put you on the path toward thinking about signs and symptoms in terms of their pathophysiologic basis, giving you an understanding of the "why" behind illness and treatment.


HERE ARE SOME OF THE MANY UPDATES AND ADDITIONS:

•Twelve additional case studies, bringing the total to 132, one for each of the clinical entities discussed in the book’s 24 chapters
•More than 2/3 of the chapters are enhanced and refreshed by the input of new contributors
•Totally revised chapter on neoplasia
•New chapter sections on urticaria, spinocerebellar ataxia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and spondyloarthropathies
•New tables summarizing adverse prognostic signs in acute pancreatitis, genetic syndromes associated with pancreatic cancer, and causes of end-stage renal disease
•New diagnosis and etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus, and review of mechanisms of newest pharmacologic agents for its treatment
•Updates on fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules, and thyroid disorders in pregnancy
•Updated references throughout the book

 

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Genetic Disease

Chapter 3: Disorders of the Immune System

Chapter 4: Infectious Diseases

Chapter 5: Neoplasia

Chapter 6: Blood Disorders

Chapter 7: Nervous System Disorders

Chapter 8: Diseases of the Skin

Chapter 9: Pulmonary Disease

Chapter 10: Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Disease

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular Disorders: Vascular Disease

Chapter 12: Disorders of the Adrenal Medulla

Chapter 13: Gastrointestinal Disease

Chapter 14: Liver Disease

Chapter 15: Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas

Chapter 16: Renal Disease

Chapter 17: Disorders of the Parathyroids & Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism

Chapter 18: Disorders of the Endocrine Pancreas

Chapter 19: Disorders of the Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland

Chapter 20: Thyroid Disease

Chapter 21: Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

Chapter 22: Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract

Chapter 23: Disorders of the Male Reproductive Tract

Chapter 24: Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

 

Internal or general medicine is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of adult diseases. This second edition provides clinicians and trainees with a complete guide to internal medicine. Divided into 28 sections, the first part of the book is dedicated to the diagnosis and management of cardiac conditions. The second part covers respiratory and pulmonary disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, neurologic disorders, renal conditions and endocrine disorders. The book has been fully revised with new topics added to provide the latest advances in the field. Each chapter examines the pathophysiology and techniques for accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Authored by a recognised, Ottawa-based expert in the field, the new edition features clinical photographs, illustrations and tables to enhance learning. Key points Comprehensive guide to the latest advances in internal medicine Fully revised, second edition covering numerous disorders in different systems of the body Authored by recognised Ottawa-based expert in the field Previous edition (9780812116021) published in 1994

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person. It mainly affects the lungs, but it can affect any part of the body, including the abdomen, glands, bones and nervous system (NHS Choices). Part of the Clinical Focus series, this book is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and treatment of this serious condition. Beginning with an introduction to the microbiology and epidemiology of the disease, the following chapters provide in depth coverage of the clinical assessment, diagnostic techniques, and management options for different strains of tuberculosis. Each chapter is highly illustrated with tables and images to enhance the detailed text. Edited by recognised specialists from Belgrade, Serbia, the new volume in this series includes contributions from highly experienced clinicians throughout the world. Key Points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis Part of the Clinical Focus series Highly illustrated with tables and images Internationally recognised editor and author team

Fully updated and revised for its second edition, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Examination and Practical Skills is the only truly comprehensive pocket guide to all aspects of history taking, physical examination, practical procedures, data interpretation, and communication skills. Packed with expert knowledge and practical guidance it gives realistic advice on coping with common situations. The handbook is structured to allow rapid reference of key information, and to aid understanding with concise and practical clinical guidance. Full colour throughout, it includes over 140 detailed photographs and diagrams of all common examination skills to show you exactly what you need to do and the theory, practice and complications for each. More photos have been included, with over half completely new and specially produced for this edition. Each system chapter covers applied anatomy, history, examination, and the presentation of common and important disorders. Data interpretation covers the basics of x-rays, ECGs and other key areas. A new chapter on the eyes is included along with the sections on body language and non-verbal communication, and the section on practical procedures has been expanded. This handbook will help to ensure you have the confidence and skill to carry out an 'A' grade examination every time.

 Now revised for its third edition, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis provides a concise and practical summary of the reasoning processes behind clear and confident diagnosis. The handbook is set out systematically with symptoms and signs through each specialty, and includes a detailed description of the basis of logical evidence-based differential diagnosis. 
This new edition has been updated with clearer diagrams and brand new images. Including rarer diagnoses alongside the common conditions, and vital information about longer-term management alongside the initial treatments, this handbook will ensure your excellence and confidence no matter what signs and symptoms your patient presents with. Providing practical help when dealing with problems outside your area of expertise or with unforeseen situations, you can be sure that this handbook will be your perfect companion to clear and confident diagnoses throughout your medical career.

 

Description: Understand and correctly use all the latest terminology in today’s ever-evolving medical field with the 32nd Edition of the comprehensive, highly respected Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary! Thoroughly updated, this user-friendly reference—trusted for more than a century by healthcare personnel at every professional level—allows you to grasp the meanings of all medical terms in current usage. It delivers more total entries than in any other dictionary of its kind, including several thousand new words, as well as 500 new illustrations to aid your understanding. Plus, with the bonus CD-ROM, you can listen to 35,000 audio pronunciations! And you can consult the dictionary anytime, anywhere online with free access to www.Dorlands.com. Easily stay up with the changing terminology in your field by depending on Dorland’s—the most reliable medical dictionary available today!

Features:

Enhance your understanding of all the current medical terminology in your field by relying on the most comprehensive and highly respected medical dictionary, bringing you more than 120,000 well-defined entries and 1500 clear illustrations. Listen to 35,000 audio pronunciations. Search www.Dorlands.com on the Internet anytime, anywhere for all of the language integral to contemporary medicine.

New To This Edition:

Make sure you’re familiar with the very latest medical terms used today with more than 5,500 new entries drawn from current sources. Complement your understanding of new words and ideas in medicine with 500 new illustrations Get more information in a smaller amount of space as the revised entry format includes related parts of speech.

 

A comprehensive book for all kinds of modern medicine doctors, especially for those who work as generalists (General Medicine, Family Medicine) and those who use clinical skill optimally in medical practice. Aims to enrich basic skills of diagnosis and management. Based on problem-oriented approach. Topics are presented systematically for quick reference. Makes the clinical diagnosis easy with less of investigation. Focuses on wider spectrum of readers. Companion reference book for Interns, General Practitioners, Family Doctors, General Physicians and healthcare providers with a holistic attitude toward patient care.

 

Coordonatorii editiei in limba romana: Prof. Dr. Corin Badiu si Prof. Dr. Cristian Baicus

Unic printre textele medicale, Manualul Oxford de Medicina Clinica (ediția a zecea) reprezinta un material complet si concis pentru specializarile principale ale medicinei si ofera o abordare holistica, centrata pe pacient. Editia a zecea prezinta informatii-cheie actualizate, iar capitolele privind gastroenterologia, bolile infectioase, neurologia si radiologia au fost complet revizuite. Abordarea tematica se suprapune cu evaluarea clasica a fiecarui caz: anamneza si examenul obiectiv, apoi descrierea patologiei pe aparate si sisteme, cu exemple, scheme, tabele si imagini, care aduc valoare practicii medicale.

Apreciat de medici de peste trei decenii, Manualul Oxford de Medicina Clinica continua sa fie un ghid cu adevarat indispensabil pentru practica medicinei moderne.

 Prefata la editia in limba romana

„Pornind de la prima pagina, medicul cu experienta sau in formare descopera un nou prieten: o carte sintetizată, bine organizată tematic, atractiva, care expune intr-o combinatie unica elementele de detaliu privind diagnosticul si tratamentul. Sistematizata in 19 capitole, manualul porneste de la un scurt istoric filozofic al domeniului, luand in discutie repere majore ale filozofiei medicale, dar si aspecte etice importante. Principiile medicinei bazate pe dovezi si ale statisticii medicale fac parte din acelasi capitol initial.

Abordarea tematica se suprapune cu evaluarea clasica a fiecarui caz: anamneză si examenul obiectiv, apoi descrierea patologiei pe aparate si sisteme, cu exemple, scheme, tabele si imagini, care aduc valoare practicii medicale.

Temele speciale sunt evidentiate prin casete specifice, la care se face trimitere ori de cate ori este necesar. Realizate excelent din punct de vedere grafic, imaginile sunt foarte sugestive, intregind armonios informatia din text si tabele. Manualul include informatii de ultima ora, foarte bine structurate in tabele si algoritmi, care ofera practicianului un sprijin permanent in decizia medicala. Din loc in loc se regasesc istorioare din viata curenta a practicianului sau repere istorice ale domeniului, care fac lectura captivanta.

Traducerea carții Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine a beneficiat de implicarea unui grup de specialisti entuziasti, care au adaptat informatiile la terminologia clasica romaneasca, realizand un text fluent, atractiv si precis. Multumim tuturor celor care au dedicat timp si energie pentru a face posibila aparitia acestui manual in limba romana.

Sunt convins ca acest volum reprezinta un instrument util atat pentru medicul cu experiența, cat si pentru cel aflat la inceputul carierei, fiecare gasind deopotrivă un prieten de nadejde în Manualul Oxford de Medicina Clinica.

Va dorim lectura placuta!

Prof. Dr. Corin Badiu”

Cuprins:

Conținutul fiecarui capitol este detaliat pe pagina dedicata acestuia.

Prefata la editia in limba romană si la editia a X-a vi

Mulțumiri vii

Simboluri si abrevieri viii

1 Cugetari medicale 0

2 Istoric si examinare 40

3 Patologie cardiovasculara 110

4 Pneumologie 182

5 Endocrinologie 224

6 Gastroenterologie 266

7 Nefrologie 324

8 Hematologie 364

9 Boli infectioase 424

10 Neurologie 506

11 Oncologie si ingrijiri paliative 580

12 Reumatologie 606

13 Chirurgie 636

14 Biochimie clinică 742

15 Sindroame eponime 774

16 Radiologie 800

17 Intervale de referintă si alte aspecte 832

18 Proceduri practice 840

19 Urgente 860

20 Referinte 936

Scorul de avertizare timpurie 952

Stopul cardiac 954

 

 

Description:

 

Featuring hundreds of high-quality Netter illustrations alongside modern diagnostic images, Netter’s Integrated Review of Medicine: Pathogenesis to Treatment provides concise, visual overviews of the basic science and mechanisms of disease. The integrated approach to underlying principles helps students and clinicians understand why best practices, evidence, and guidelines make sense in the context of diagnosis and treatment. Short, to-the-point chapters focus on common clinical situations and bridge the gap between basic science summaries and the clinical thought process.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section 1 Common Symptoms

Chapter 1 Headache

Introduction

Evaluation

Differential Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 2 Dizziness

Introduction

Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 3 Cough

Introduction

Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 4 Sore Throat

Introduction

Evaluation

Diagnosis and Management

Chapter 5 Syncope

Introduction

Evaluation

Differential Diagnosis and Management

Chapter 6 Chest Pain

Introduction

Evaluation

Differential Diagnosis and Management

Chapter 7 Dyspnea

Introduction

Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

Chapter 8 Nausea and Vomiting

Introduction

Evaluation

Differential Diagnosis and Management

Chapter 9 Jaundice

Introduction

Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

Diagnosis and Management

Chapter 10 Abdominal Pain

Introduction

Evaluation

Differential Diagnosis and Management

Chapter 11 Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Introduction

Evaluation

Management

Chapter 12 Constipation

Introduction

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Treatment (Table 12.1)

Chapter 13 Diarrhea

Introduction

Acute Diarrhea

Acute Diarrhea: Evaluation

Acute Diarrhea: Treatment

Chronic Diarrhea

Chapter 14 Hematuria

Introduction

Etiology

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Chapter 15 Joint Pain

Introduction

Evaluation

General Management

Section 2 Common Examination Findings

Chapter 16 Altered Mental Status

Introduction

Initial Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 17 Fever

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Etiologies

Evaluation

Diagnosis

Management

Chapter 18 Shock

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 19 Hypertensive Crisis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Management

Chapter 20 Tachycardia

Introduction

Etiologies

Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Chapter 21 Bradycardia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 22 Cardiac Murmurs

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Evaluation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 23 Hypoxemia

Introduction

Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 24 Adventitial Lung Sounds

Introduction

Examination Findings

Evaluation of Adventitial Lung Sounds

Chapter 25 Ascites

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Etiologies

Evaluation/Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Management

Chapter 26 Lower Extremity Edema

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Section 3 Common Abnormalities in Blood Tests

Chapter 27 Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Chapter 28 Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia

Introduction

Hyperkalemia (Table 28.1)

Hypokalemia (Table 28.2)

Chapter 29 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

Chapter 30 Acute Kidney Injury

Introduction

Criteria

Etiology

Clinical Features

Chapter 31 Acid-Base Disturbances

Introduction

Types of Acid-Base Disorders and Compensation

Identifying the Acid-Base Disorder

Common Causes of Acid-Base Disorders

Chapter 32 Anemia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Diagnostic Approach

Chapter 33 Thrombocytopenia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Chapter 34 Abnormal Coagulation Studies

Introduction

Extrinsic Coagulation Cascade

Common Coagulation Cascade

Intrinsic Coagulation Cascade

Cell-Based Model of Hemostasis and Coagulation

Coagulation Tests

Approach to a Patient With Prolongation of the PT and/or aPPT

Chapter 35 Abnormal Liver Function Tests

Introduction

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Chapter 36 Elevated Troponin

History of Diagnostic Testing

Background and Pathophysiology

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Section 4 Performance and Interpretation of Common Tests and Procedures

Chapter 37 Urinalysis

Introduction

Dipstick

Sediment Analysis and Microscopy (Fig. 37.2)

Chapter 38 Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Introduction

Basic Principles: Paper and Leads

ECG Tracing and Related Physiology of the Conduction System

Systematic Approach to Interpreting the ECG

Chapter 39 Chest Radiography

Introduction

Technique

Key Diagnoses

Chapter 40 Peripheral Blood Smear

Introduction

Slide Preparation

Slide Examination

RBC Examination

Platelet Examination

WBC Examination

Chapter 41 CT Scan of the Head

Introduction

CT Technique

Head CT

Key Diagnoses

Chapter 42 CT Scan of the Chest

Image Contrast

Key Diagnoses

Chapter 43 CT Scan of the Abdomen and Pelvis

Oral/Enteric Contrast

Radiation in CT

Key Diagnoses

Chapter 44 Abdominal Ultrasound

Introduction

Key Structures

Chapter 45 Endoscopy and Colonoscopy

Overview

Indications

Complications

Preparation

Related Procedures

Chapter 46 Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

Introduction

Indications

Contraindications

Procedure

Interpretation

Chapter 47 Mechanical Ventilation

Introduction

Indications

Initiation

Complications

Basic Ventilator Management

Chapter 48 Echocardiography

Introduction

Basic Principles

Indications

Common Cardiac Windows

Findings

Chapter 49 Arterial Blood Gas

Introduction

Indications

Complications

Procedure

Additional Tests

Chapter 50 Central Venous Catheterization

Overview and Indications

Contraindications

Sites of Insertion

Procedure (Internal Jugular Vein Approach)

Complications

Chapter 51 Lumbar Puncture

Introduction

Indications

Complications

Procedure

Postprocedure Analysis

Chapter 52 Thoracentesis

Overview

Contraindications

Procedure

Complications

Diagnostic Testing

Chapter 53 Paracentesis

Introduction

Complications

Procedure

Diagnostic Testing

Chapter 54 Renal Replacement Therapy

Introduction

Forms of Dialysis

Dialysis Access

Section 5 Cardiovascular Diseases

Chapter 55 Cardiovascular System Anatomy Review

Histology of the Heart

Cardiac Conduction

Cardiac Chambers

Valves

Coronary Arteries

Vascular Anatomy

Chapter 56 Cardiovascular System Physiology Review

Introduction

The Cardiac Cycle

Electrophysiology

Hemodynamics

Chapter 57 Coronary Artery Disease and Stable Angina

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation and Evaluation

Treatment

Chapter 58 Acute Coronary Syndromes

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 59 Heart Failure

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis and Evaluation

Treatment

Chapter 60 Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 61 Pericarditis and Pericardial Effusions

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 62 Aortic Stenosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 63 Mitral Regurgitation

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 64 Aortic Dissection

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 65 Aortic Aneurysm

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Management

Chapter 66 Hypertension

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 67 Hyperlipidemia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Section 6 Endocrine Diseases

Chapter 68 Pancreas Anatomy and Physiology Review

Anatomy

Exocrine Pancreas

Endocrine Pancreas

Regulation of Metabolism

Chapter 69 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 70 Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Chapter 71 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Anatomy and Physiology Review

Thyroid Gland

Parathryoid Glands

Chapter 72 Hypothyroidism

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 73 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis

Introduction

Etiologies and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 74 Hyperparathyroidism

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 75 Osteoporosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 76 Adrenal Glands Anatomy and Physiology Review

Introduction

Mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids

Adrenal Androgens

Catecholamines

Chapter 77 Cushing Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 78 Adrenal Insufficiency

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 79 Adrenal Masses

Introduction

Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Chapter 80 Pituitary Gland Anatomy and Physiology Review

Anatomy

Physiology

Chapter 81 Pituitary Masses

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Section 7 Pulmonary Diseases

Chapter 82 Respiratory System Anatomy Review

Thoracic Cavity

Lungs

Nose, Oropharynx, and Larynx

Conducting Airways

Acinar Airways

Pulmonary Vasculature

Respiratory Control

Chapter 83 Respiratory System Physiology Review

Introduction

Pulmonary Mechanics

Ventilation

Diffusion

Perfusion

Acid-Base Regulation

Chapter 84 Asthma

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 85 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 86 Cystic Fibrosis

Introduction

Genetics and Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Other Organ Involvement and Considerations

Chapter 87 Sleep Apnea

Introduction

Risk Factors and Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 88 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Classification

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment and Prognosis

Chapter 89 Pulmonary Embolism

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation and Evaluation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Chapter 90 Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 91 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Diagnosis, and Evaluation

Treatment

Section 8 Renal Diseases

Chapter 92 Urinary System Anatomy Review

Gross Anatomy

The Nephron

Vasculature

Lymphatic Drainage

Innervation

Chapter 93 Urinary System Physiology Review

Introduction

Glomerular Filtration

The Tubular System

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Chapter 94 Acute Tubular Necrosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment and Prevention

Chapter 95 Glomerulonephritis

Introduction

Pathogenesis

Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 96 Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 97 Nephrotic Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 98 Polycystic Kidney Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 99 Nephrolithiasis

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Management

Prevention

Chapter 100 Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction

Etiology and Pathogenesis

Assessment of Renal Function

Presentation

Complications and Management

Section 9 Rheumatological Diseases

Chapter 101 Osteoarthritis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 102 Rheumatoid Arthritis

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 103 Septic Arthritis and Bursitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 104 Gout

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 105 Spondyloarthridities

Introduction

Classification

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Management

Chapter 106 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 107 Systemic Sclerosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 108 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 109 Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 110 Vasculitides

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Section 10 Infectious Diseases

Chapter 111 Sepsis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 112 Cellulitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 113 Meningitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 114 Pneumonia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 115 Tuberculosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Clinical Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 116 Infective Endocarditis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 117 Gastroenteritis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 118 Cholangitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 119 Clostridioides (Formerly Clostridium) difficile Colitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 120 Urinary Tract Infection

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 121 Urethritis

Introduction

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 122 Osteomyelitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 123 HIV/AIDS

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Screening and Prevention

Chapter 124 HIV/AIDS

Introduction

Coccidioidomycosis

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Histoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis

Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptococcosis

Cytomegalovirus

Mycobacterium Avium Complex

Section 11 Gastrointestinal Diseases

Chapter 125 Gastrointestinal System Anatomy Review

Introduction

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine/Colon

Rectum/Anal Canal/Anus

Liver and Gallbladder

Pancreas

Chapter 126 Gastrointestinal System Physiology Review

Motility

Digestion and Absorption of Food

Water Absorption

Chapter 127 Achalasia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation

Treatment

Chapter 128 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Barrett Esophagus

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 129 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter pylori

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 130 Biliary Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 131 Acute Pancreatitis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation

Treatment

Chapter 132 Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 133 Celiac Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 134 Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation

Treatment

Chapter 135 Acute Liver Failure

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 136 Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

Chapter 137 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Demographics and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 138 Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 139 Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Section 12 Diseases of Blood Cells

Chapter 140 Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 141 Thalassemia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 142 Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)

Introduction

Overview of Pathophysiology and Evaluation

Treatment Overview and Specific Clinical Entities

Chapter 143 Hemophilia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 144 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 145 Hypercoagulable States and Deep Venous Thrombosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 146 Multiple Myeloma

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 147 Amyloidosis

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Epidemiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 148 Lymphoma

Introduction

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Chapter 149 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Staging

Treatment

Chapter 150 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 151 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Introduction

Pathophysiology and Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Prognosis and Staging

Treatment

Chapter 152 Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 153 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 154 Aplastic Anemia (AA)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Section 13 Solid Organ Tumors

Chapter 155 Breast Cancer

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Screeening

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Survivorship

Chapter 156 Thyroid Cancer and Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid Nodules

Chapter 157 Lung Cancer

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 158 Esophageal Cancer

Introduction

Anatomy and Histology

Risk Factors

Presentation

Diagnosis and Staging

Treatment

Chapter 159 Gastric Cancer

INtroduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 160 Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

Introduction

Risk Factors

Presentation

Diagnosis and Staging

Treatment

Chapter 161 Pancreatic Cancer

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 162 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 163 Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Treatment

Chapter 164 Bladder Cancer

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Risk Factors

Presentation, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Chapter 165 Melanoma

Introduction

Pathogenesis and Risk Factors

Presentation and Screening

Staging

Treatment

Chapter 166 Prostate Cancer

Introduction

Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation, and Screening

Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Staging

Treatment

Appendix Further Readings

Further Readings

Index

 

50 Studies Every Internist Should Know presents key studies that shape today's practice of internal medicine. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including: preventative medicine, endocrinology, hematology and oncology, musculoskeletal diseases, nephrology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, cardiology, pulmonology, geriatrics and palliative care, and mental health. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This book is a must-read for health care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.

 

Description: This classic textbook aims to assist clinicians develop the consultation skills required to elicit a clear history, and the practical skills needed to detect clinical signs of disease. Where possible, the physical basis of clinical signs is explained to aid understanding. Formulation of a differential diagnosis from the information gained is introduced, and the logical initial investigations are included for each system.

Features:

The first part of the book addresses the general principles of good interaction with patients, from the basics of taking a history and examining, to the use of pattern recognition to identify spot diagnoses. The second part documents the relevant history, examination and investigations for all the major body systems. The third part illustrates the application of these skills to specific clinical situations. The final part covers preparation for assessments of clinical skills and the use of these skills in everyday practice. The book has accompanying videos demonstrating many of the key clinical examination routines as set out in the book.

New To This Edition:

A new editorial team has undertaken a substantial review of the book’s contents and with the help of many new authors has radically revised the order and approach of the text. Several new chapters have been created including a chapter on patients with mental disorders; a chapter covering the approach to a deteriorating patient; a chapter on assessment of patients towards the end of life and two new chapters on applying the key clinical skills during assessments and in practice. The structure of the text has been rationalised with careful use of boxes, tables and figures to set out the concepts for maximum clarity.

 

CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment is the most comprehensive, reliable, and timely reference available to answer common questions that arise in everyday clinical practice. Readers will find authoritative, evidence-based coverage of more than 1,000 diseases and disorders along with a concise, yet thorough synopsis of diagnosis and treatment.

 

Written in a clear, easy-to-read style, this trusted classic covers all aspects of outpatient and inpatient care and includes discussion of new developments and breakthroughs in medicine. Presented in full colour, CMDT covers every aspect of general medicine, with an emphasis on prevention and cost-effective strategies.

You’ll find authoritative, evidence-based coverage of more than 1,000 diseases and disorders including concise, yet thorough synopsis of diagnosis and treatment. Presented in full-color, this single source reference has been fully updated with the latest developments and breakthroughs in medicine, guidelines, references, drug prices, and more. This essential clinical companion features:

 • A strong emphasis on the practical aspects of clinical diagnosis and patient management

• Detailed review of all internal medicine disciplines, including geriatrics, preventive medicine, and palliative care, plus gynecology and obstetrics, dermatology, ophthalmology, neurology, psychiatry, and more

• An annual update on HIV/AIDS and other new, emerging viral infections

 • Specific information regarding disease prevention and prognosis

• Medication treatment tables, with indexed trade names and updated prices

• Key recent references on each topic with PMID numbers for quick online access

 • Many full-color photographs, tables, figures and other illustrations Here are some of the many updates and additions:

 • Extensive updating of tables and images

• New FDA-approved medication for multiple sclerosis

 • New summary of recommended FDA treatment regimens for hepatitis C

 • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations for osteoporosis, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer

• Extensive update of immune modulation therapy and adjuvant treatments of breast cancer

 • Targeted therapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancers

• Thoroughly revised chapter on viral and rickettsial infections, including recent measles, polio, and acute flaccid paralysis outbreaks, and on related immunizations

• Clarification of the appropriate role of opioids and buprenorphine formulations in chronic pain management

• Revised section on health care for sexual and gender minority patients

 • Information on new biologic agents for asthma, and many other disorders

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Authors

Preface

1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion

2. Common Symptoms

3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management

4. Geriatric Disorders

5. Palliative Care & Pain Management

6. Dermatologic Disorders

7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids

8. Ear, Nose, & Throat Disorders

9. Pulmonary Disorders

10. Heart Disease

11. Systemic Hypertension

12. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders

13. Blood Disorders

14. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy

15. Gastrointestinal Disorders

16. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders

17. Breast Disorders

18. Gynecologic Disorders

19. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders

20. Rheumatologic, Immunologic, & Allergic Disorders

21. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders

22. Kidney Disease

23. Urologic Disorders

24. Nervous System Disorders

25. Psychiatric Disorders

26. Endocrine Disorders

27. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia

28. Lipid Disorders

29. Nutritional Disorders

30. Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy

31. HIV Infection & AIDS

32. Viral & Rickettsial Infections

33. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections

34. Spirochetal Infections

35. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections

36. Mycotic Infections

37. Disorders Related to Environmental Emergencies

38. Poisoning

39. Cancer

40. Genetic & Genomic Disorders

41. Sports Medicine & Outpatient Orthopedics

42. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Health

Index

Now reflecting a greater focus on today's multidisciplinary approach to care, Critical Care Handbook of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 6th Edition, remains your go-to guide for practical, complete, and current information on medical and surgical critical care. The user-friendly, outline format is designed for rapid reference, providing reliable, hospital-tested protocols that reflect today's most advanced critical care practices. Key Features*Heavily revised to reflect today's need to include all care providers to optimize treatment*New section on Health Care Services, with chapters on handovers and transitions, long-term outcomes of ICU patients, EICU and electronic systems, quality improvement, and more*New chapters on critical care management of Ebola virus disease, ECMO and ventricular assist devices, and critical care of the obstetrical patient*New videos available online*Complete, concise, full-color coverage of this rapidly enlarging field*Convenient pocket size for on-the-go referenceNow with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:*Complete content with enhanced navigation*Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web*Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation*Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text* Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues*Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use

 

Description:

Edited by Adam Feather, MBBS, FRCP, FAcadMEd; David Randall, MA, MRCP; and Mona Waterhouse, MA, MRCP

Contributors comprise consultants at the top of their fields, paired with younger doctors closer to the exam experience, to ensure authority and relevance.

Enhanced e-book accompanies the print book, for ease of transportation and use on the move.

International Advisory Board, led by Professor Janaka de Silva and Professor Senaka Rajapakse, providing guidance for global coverage from across the world.

Contributions to the e-book by members of the International Advisory Board to amplify areas of clinical importance in their parts of the world.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

1. Diagnosis: The art of being a doctor

Core Skills and Knowledge

Diagnosis in the Clinical Consultation

The medical consultation

Clinical diagnostic reasoning

Communicating a diagnosis

Diagnosis, artificial intelligence and the future of medicine

2. Human genetics

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for genetic medicine

Introduction

Clinical genetics

The cellular basis of genetics

Genetic disorders

Techniques for studying the genetic code

Genomic medicine

The genetic basis of cancer

3. Immunity

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introducing the tissues, cells and molecules of the immune system

Innate immune system

Adaptive immune system

Cell migration

HLA molecules and antigen presentation

The immune system in concert

Laboratory investigations of the immune system

Clinical immunodeficiency

Allergic disease (immediate hypersensitivity)

Autoimmune disease

Organ rejection in clinical transplantation

Immune-based therapies

4. Evidence-based practice

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Asking Answerable Questions

Searching for the Evidence

Appraising the Evidence

Applying the Evidence

Section 1: Asking Answerable Questions and Searching for the Evidence

Section 2: Critical Appraisal

Section 3: Interpreting Odds Ratios, Confidence Intervals and P-Values

Section 4: Multiple Choice Questions

5. Ethical practice and clinical communication

Core Skills and Knowledge

Ethics and the law

Communication in medicine

6. Malignant disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for malignant disease

Introduction

The biology of cancer

Aetiology and epidemiology

Screening and investigations

Principles of cancer treatment

Acute oncology

Common solid tumour treatment

Lung cancer

Breast cancer

Upper gastrointestinal cancers

Lower gastrointestinal cancers

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers

Urological cancers

Gynaecological cancers

Brain tumours

Head and neck cancer

Metastatic cancer of unknown primary

7. Palliative care and symptom control

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction and General Aspects

Symptom Control

Palliative Care in Non-Malignant Disease

Care of the Dying

8. Sepsis and the treatment of bacterial infection

Core Skills and Knowledge

clinical skills for infection and sepsis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

recognition of sepsis

Management of Sepsis

Antimicrobial Stewardship

Antibiotic Therapies

9. Water balance, fluids and electrolytes

Core skills and knowledge

Clinical skills for water balance, fluids and electrolytes

Water and Electrolytes

Disorders of sodium concentration

Disorders of potassium concentration

Disorders of magnesium concentration

Disorders of phosphate concentration

Acid–Base Disorders

10. Critical care medicine

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Clinical approach to the critically ill patient

Applied cardiorespiratory physiology

Disturbances of acid–base balance

Shock, sepsis and acute disturbances of haemodynamic function

Respiratory failure

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute Kidney injury

Neurocritical care

Outcomes

11. Surgery

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for surgery

Introduction

The pathophysiology of surgery

Management of the perioperative patient

The patient journey in surgery

Surgical Ethics, Consent and the Law

12. Prescribing, therapeutics and toxicology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Prescribing

Why do patients need drugs?

The choice of drug

The dose

Prescribing in special populations

Monitoring drug therapy

Adverse drug reactions

Drug interactions

Information sources

Poisoning

Clinical approach to the poisoned patient

Principles of management of poisoning

Specific poisons

Poisons in the natural world: additional online content

13. Global health

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals

Global Burden of Disease

Poverty

Water and Sanitation

Organizations and the global health agenda

Education

Maternal and Child Health

Mental health

Accidents and Trauma

Conflict and Catastrophe

Economics and Politics in Global Health

Social Determinants of Health

Human rights and the value of engagement in global health

14. Public health

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Key Concepts in Public Health

Pillars of Public Health

15. Geriatric medicine, frailty and multimorbidity

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Ageing

Investigations in Older Adults

Taking a History

Multimorbidity, Sarcopenia and Frailty

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Advance Care Planning

The Most Common Issues in Older People

Ageing Well and Advantages of Ageing

16. Haematology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for haematology

Examination

Investigations

Introduction

The red cell

Anaemia: an introduction

Microcytic anaemia

Normocytic anaemia

Macrocytic anaemias

Anaemia due to marrow failure (aplastic anaemia)

Haemolytic anaemias: an introduction

Inherited haemolytic anaemia

Acquired haemolytic anaemia

Polycythaemia

The spleen

Blood transfusion

Blood groups

Procedure for blood transfusion in hospitals

Complications of blood transfusion

Strategies for the avoidance of unnecessary transfusion

Blood, blood components and blood products

The white cell

Haemostasis

Vascular disorders

Platelet disorders

Inherited coagulation disorders

Acquired coagulation disorders

17. Haematological oncology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for haematological oncology

Introduction

Leukaemias

Myelodysplasia

Clinical features

Investigations

Management

MDS/MPN overlap syndromes

Lymphomas

Myeloma and other plasma cell disorders

18. Rheumatology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for rheumatology

Approach to the patient

Anatomy and physiology of the normal joint

Investigation of rheumatic disease

Clinical conditions in rheumatology

Common regional musculoskeletal problems

Chronic pain syndromes

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal problems

Disorders of collagen

Osteoarthritis

Inflammatory Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Spondyloarthritis

Infections of joints

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Systemic inflammatory vasculitis

Arthritis in children

Rheumatological problems seen in other diseases

Miscellaneous arthropathies

19. Bone disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for bone disease

Anatomy and physiology of bone

Investigation of bone and calcium disorders

Osteoporosis

Osteonecrosis

Paget’s disease of bone

Rickets and osteomalacia

Bone infections

Neoplastic disease of bone

Scheuermann’s disease

20. Infectious disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Core content

Clinical skills for infectious disease

Introduction

Clinical approach to the patient with a suspected infection

Epidemiology and prevention of infections

Principles and mechanisms of infection

Viral Infections

Virus infections of the skin and mucous membranes

Virus infections of the respiratory tract

Systemic viral infections

Virus infections of the nervous system

Virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract

Viral hepatitis

Viruses and malignant disease

Viral haemorrhagic fevers

Antiviral drugs

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Prion Diseases)

Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues

Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract

Bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract

Bacterial infections of the cardiovascular system

Bacterial infections of the nervous system

Bacterial bone and joint infections

Bacterial infections of the urinary tract

Systemic/multisystem bacterial infections

Bacterial infections seen in developing and tropical countries

Antibiotic therapies

Fungal Infections

Systemic fungal infections

Subcutaneous fungal infections

Superficial fungal infections

Antifungal drugs

Protozoal Infections

Blood and tissue protozoa

Gastrointestinal protozoa

Helminthic Infections

Nematodes

Trematodes

Cestodes

Arthropod Ectoparasites

21. Endocrinology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for endocrinology

Introduction

The pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Hypothalamo–Pituitary–adrenal axis

The thyroid axis

Hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis

Growth and puberty

The Thirst Axis

Disorders of Calcium Metabolism

Hypoglycaemia in the non-diabetic patient

Other endocrine disorders

22. Dermatology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical Skills for Dermatology

Introduction

Skin structure and function

Investigation of Skin Disease

Principles of Dermatological Therapy

Erythroderma and Loss of Skin Function (‘Skin Failure’)

Common rashes

Skin Infections

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Skin

Skin Signs of Systemic Disease

Photosensitivity

Blistering and Bullous Skin Disease

Skin Tumours

Disorders of Pigmentation

Nail Disorders

Hair Disorders

Birth Marks and Neonatal Rashes

Drug Eruptions

23. Diabetes mellitus

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for diabetes mellitus

Introduction

Physiology of insulin structure, secretion and action

Classification of diabetes

Clinical Approach to the Patient With Diabetes

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Management of diabetes

Diabetic metabolic emergencies

Complications of diabetes

Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes

Diabetes in special situations

Organization of diabetes care

24. Lipid and metabolic disorders

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

History

Examination

Investigations

Disorders of lipid metabolism

Inherited metabolic diseases

25. Liaison psychiatry

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Clinical approach to the patient with a psychiatric disorder

Classification of psychiatric disorders

Aetiology of psychiatric disorders

Psychiatric aspects of physical diseases

Sick role and illness behaviour

Functional somatic syndromes

Somatoform disorders

Dissociative/conversion disorders

Sleep difficulties

Mood (affective) disorders

Suicide and self-harm

Anxiety disorders

Alcohol misuse and dependence

Drug misuse and dependence

Schizophrenia

Organic mental disorders

Eating disorders

Sexual disorders

Personality disorders

Involuntary Detention

Mental Capacity Act

26. Neurology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for neurology

Introduction

Clinical approach to the patient with neurological disease

Functional neuroanatomy

Cranial nerves

Motor control systems

Lower motor neurone lesions

Sensory pathways and pain

Bladder control and sexual dysfunction

Investigation of neurological disease

Unconsciousness and coma

Stroke

Intracranial haemorrhage

Headache, migraine and facial pain

Epilepsy and loss of consciousness

Movement disorders

Neuroinflammatory disorders

Nervous system infection

Hydrocephalus

Traumatic brain injury

Spinal cord disease

Neurodegenerative diseases

Congenital disorders

Neurogenetic disorders

Paraneoplastic syndromes

Peripheral nerve disease

Muscle diseases

27. Ear, nose and throat and eye disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction to ENT

Clinical approach to the patient with an ENT complaint

Disorders of the Ear

Clinical Approach to the Patient With a Disorder of the Ear

Common disorders of the ear

Disorders of the Nose

Clinical Approach to the Patient With a Disorder of the Nose

Common disorders of the nose

Disorders of the Throat

Clinical Approach to the Patient With a Disorder of the Throat

Common disorders of the throat

Disorders of the Eye

Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Clinical Approach to the Patient With a Disorder of the Eye

Common disorders of the eye

28. Respiratory disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for respiratory medicine

Function of the respiratory system

Clinical Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease

Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Obstructive Respiratory Disease

Smoking

Respiratory Infection

Pleural Disease

Tumours of the Respiratory Tract

Bronchiectasis

Interstitial Lung Diseases

Lung and Heart–Lung Transplantation

Occupational Lung Disease

Miscellaneous Respiratory Disorders

Disorders of the Diaphragm

Mediastinal Lesions

29. Venous thromboembolic disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Pathogenesis of Thrombosis

Definitions

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Management

Complications

Investigation of newly diagnosed venous thrombosis

Prevention

Anticoagulant agents

30. Cardiology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for cardiology

ECG interpretation

Anatomy, physiology and embryology of the heart

Clinical approach to the patient with heart disease

Therapeutic procedures

Cardiac arrhythmias

Bradycardias and heart block

Supraventricular tachycardias

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Heart failure

Coronary artery disease

Angina

Acute coronary syndromes

Valvular heart disease

Aortic valve

tricuspid valve

Pulmonary valve

Prosthetic valves

Infective endocarditis

Congenital heart disease

Marfan’s syndrome

Pulmonary heart disease

Myocardial and endocardial disease

Myocardial disease

Pericardial disease

Peripheral vascular disease

Peripheral venous disease

31. Hypertension

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Clinical Approach to the Patient with Hypertension

Measurement of blood pressure

Phenotypes of Hypertension

Causes of raised blood pressure

Thresholds and Targets In Hypertension

Hypertensive Target Organ Damage

Treatment

Managing blood pressure in hospital

32. Gastroenterology

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical Skills for Gastroenterology

INTRODUCTION

Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract

Investigation of Gastrointestinal Disease

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Mouth

Salivary Glands

Pharynx and Oesophagus

Stomach and Duodenum

Acute and Chronic Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Small Intestine

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Colon and Rectum

The Acute Abdomen

Peritoneum

33. Nutrition

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Water and Electrolyte Balance

Dietary Requirements

Protein–Energy Malnutrition

Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins

Dietary Antioxidants

Homocysteine, cardiovascular disease and B vitamins

Minerals

Nutrition and Ageing

Obesity

Nutritional Support

Food Allergy and Food Intolerance

Alcohol

34. Liver disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for liver disease

Introduction

Anatomy of the liver and biliary system

Functions of the liver

Investigations in the patient with liver disease

Jaundice

Hepatitis

Acute hepatic failure

Autoimmune hepatitis

Drug-induced chronic hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis of unknown cause

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cirrhosis

Alcoholic liver disease

Budd–chiari syndrome

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

Fibropolycystic diseases

Liver abscess

Other infections of the liver

Liver disease in pregnancy

Liver tumours

Miscellaneous conditions of the liver

Drugs and the liver

35. Biliary tract and pancreatic disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Introduction

Gall Bladder and Biliary System

Biliary system

Miscellaneous conditions of the biliary tract

Pancreas

Pancreatitis

Pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

Clinical syndromes

Investigations

Management

36. Kidney and urinary tract disease

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical Skills for Nephrology

Examination

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Investigation of Renal and Urinary Tract Disease

The Glomerulus and Glomerular Disease

Kidney Involvement in Other Diseases

Hypertension and the Kidney

Other Vascular Disorders of the Kidney

Renal Calculi and Nephrocalcinosis

Urinary Tract Obstruction

Drugs and the Kidney

Urinary Tract Infection

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Acute Kidney Injury

Chronic Kidney Disease

Cystic Renal Disease

Tumours of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract

Diseases of the Prostate Gland

The Urinary Tract in the Elderly

37. Sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for STI and HIV care

Sexually transmitted infections

Asymptomatic STI screening

Investigation of STIs

Management, prevention and control

Specific infections

Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Clinical features of untreated hiv infection

Clinical approach to the patient with HIV

Management of HIV-positive patients

Specific conditions associated with HIV infection

Prevention and control of HIV infection

38. Obstetric medicine

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical Skills for Obstetric Medicine

Introduction

Hypertensive Disorders

Liver Disease

Cardiac Disease

Thromboembolic Disease

Respiratory Disease

Neurological Disease

Endocrine Disease

Renal Disease

Skin Disorders

RHEUMATIC DISEASE

Prescribing in Pregnancy

39. Women’s health

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical skills for women’s health

Introduction

The life course approach

Miscarriage

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Abortion/Termination of Pregnancy

Urinary Incontinence

Domestic abuse and violence

Gynaecological cancers

40. Men’s health

Core Skills and Knowledge

Clinical Skills For Men’s Health

Introduction

Specific Diseases of Men

Diseases of the prostate gland

Diseases of the Penis

Testicular and Spermatic Cord Disease

Lack of Libido and Erectile Dysfunction

Priapism

The Ageing Male

41. Environmental medicine

Core Skills and Knowledge

Air pollution

Heat Injury

Cold injury

High altitude

Diving

Drowning

Ionizing radiation

Electric shock

Lightning strike

Inhaled smoke

Index

Normal Values