Thyroid, Diabetes and Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, thyroid disorders and diabetes can be considered the new pandemics of the century. Despite the important social impact of these diseases, osteoporosis (but unfortunately also diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders) is often underestimated and mismanaged.

There are several associative and pathogenetic links between functional alterations of the thyroid, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Autoimmunity is present in type 1 diabetes and LADA as well as in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

A reduced basal metabolic rate and an increased insulin resistance unite type 2 diabetes and autoimmune hypothyroidism, while obesity is often associated with a reduction in thyroid function.

The functional alterations of the thyroid (both if hyper- and hypo-function) predispose to cardiovascular diseases.

Therefore, the aim of this book is to sensitize specialists and physicians on the importance of a correct management of bone fragility from diagnosis to therapy, through shared paths, territorial networks and ultra-specialized centers. Furthermore, considering the mechanism of action and the side effects of the new anti-diabetic and anti-osteporosis drugs, a specific focus will be given to the interaction "Diabetes-Bone Fragility", often underestimated in the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways.

Lastly, the analogies and the pathogenetic correlations between thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease will be shown, highlighting the role of prevention of obesity and diseases related with the cardiovascular system.