Description:

A valuable resource on how to diagnose and treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

The newly and thoroughly revised 2nd Edition of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Problem-Based Approach delivers a systematic and logical approach to diagnosing and treating temporomandibular disorders.

Using a case-based approach to assist readers with understanding and retention, the book discusses the practical realities of managing patients and promoting effective treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Containing full colour clinical images and diagrams throughout, the chapters include practical guides on how to make splints and samples of patient information sheets which can be used as templates. Readers will get access to topics such as:

The clinical aspects of anatomy, function, pathology, and classification

Differential diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems

Clicking joint problems and the use of preliminary investigation in disc displacement

Temporomandibular joint locking diagnosis and treatment, including final treatment plans

Facial pain examinations, differential diagnosis, and questions to ask patients regarding pain in general

Headaches, worn teeth, dislocated jaws, and more issues that arise in the treatment of temporomandibular joint problems

Perfect for undergraduate dental students and general dental practitioners, the new edition of Temporomandibular Disorders is also useful to postgraduate dental students, academics, and researchers.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

1: About the Book

About temporomandibular disorders: what is a ‘TMD’?

About the book

Chapter 2: Clinical aspects of anatomy, function, pathology, and classification

Chapter 3: Articulatory system examination

Chapter 4: I've got ‘TMJ’

Chapter 5: I've got a clicking joint

Chapter 6: I've got a locking joint

Chapter 7: I've got a grating joint

Chapter 8: You've changed my bite

Chapter 9: I've got pain in my face

Chapter 10: I've got a dislocated jaw

Chapter 11: My teeth are worn

Chapter 12: I've got a headache

Chapter 13: I've got whiplash

Chapter 14: What's of use to me in practice?

Chapter 15: You and the lawyer

Chapter 16: The referral letter

Chapter 17: How to make a splint

Chapter 18: Bruxism: Current knowledge of aetiology and management

Chapter 19: Splint therapy for the management of TMD patients: An evidence‐based approach

Chapter 20: Patient information

Appendix I: Flowcharts

Appendix II: Glossary of terms

Appendix III: Short answer questions

2 Clinical Aspects of Anatomy, Function, Pathology, and Classification

The joint anatomy, histology, structure, capsule, synovial membrane, and fluid, ligaments

Histology

The joint capsule

Synovial membrane

Ligaments

The temporomandibular ligament

The stylomandibular ligament

The sphenomandibular ligament

The intra‐articular disc (meniscus)

The bones of the temporomandibular joint

The mandibular condyle

The temporal bone

Innervation of the TMJ

Vascular supply to the TMJ

Mandibular (jaw/masticatory) muscles

Masseter muscle

Function

Parafunction

Examination

The temporalis muscle

Function

Parafunction

Examination

The lateral pterygoid muscle

Function

Parafunction

Examination

Medial pterygoid muscle

Function

Parafunction

Examination

Cervical muscles

Function

Parafunction

Examination

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Classification and Pathology

Rare conditions

Condylar hyperplasia

Neoplasms

Uncommon conditions

Common conditions

Disc displacement

Myofascial pain

Diagnoses of TMDs

GROUP I: Muscle disorders

GROUP II: DDs

GROUP III: Other common joint disorders

Further Reading

3 Articulatory System Examination

1 Examination of the temporomandibular joints

Range of movement

Pathway of jaw opening

Maxillary and mandibular midlines

TMJ tenderness

Lateral palpation

Intra‐auricular palpation

Examination by manipulation of the mandible

Mandibular (masticatory) muscle tenderness

Masseter muscle

Temporalis muscle

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Joint sounds

Clicking

Crepitus

Signs of bruxism

Occlusal examination

Centric occlusion and centric jaw relation

Anterior guidance

Posterior interferences

Freedom in centric occlusion

Record‐keeping

Further Reading

4 I've Got ‘TMJ’!

History

Medical history

Examination

Range of movement

Joint sounds

Signs of bruxism

Temporomandibular joint tenderness

Mandibular muscle tenderness

Occlusion

Intraoral examination

Special tests

Differential diagnosis

Final diagnosis for Mrs Davies

Management

Explanation and reassurance

Physiotherapy

Soft laser

Acupuncture

Drug therapy

Splint therapy

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

5 I've Got a Clicking Joint

History

Examination

Radiographs

Other special tests

Why do TMJs click?

When do TMJs click?

Why does the mouth deviate when opening?

What preliminary investigations may you use?

Radiographs

MRI, arthography

What is the most likely diagnosis for Mrs Smith?

Is disc displacement painful?

How should disc displacement with reduction be managed? Does it always need treatment?

Treatment

Explanation and reassurance

Physiotherapy

Drug therapy

Anterior repositioning splint

The patient journey

History and examination

Special tests

Diagnosis

Treatment

Advice and reassurance

Splint treatment

Result

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

6 I've Got a Locking Joint

History

Examination 1

Radiographs/Imaging

Diagnosis

Treatment

TMJ locking

How important is measuring the range of movement?

Conclusion

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

7 I've Got a Grating Joint

Examination

Radiographic examination

Diagnosis

Treatment

Explanation and reassurance

Physiotherapy

Medication

Reduction of contributory predisposing factors

Final treatment plan

What is crepitation?

Is osteoarthrosis always associated with pain and crepitus?

Radiographic changes

Treatment of pathological sequelae

Invasive treatment

Arthrocentesis

Intra‐articular injection of a steroid

Hyaluronate

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

8 You've Changed My Bite

History

Examination

Special tests

Treatment

Discussion

How can this conformative approach be adopted practically?

Conclusion

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

9 I've Got Pain in My Face

History

Examination

Radiographic examination

Differential diagnosis

Neuralgic pain

Treatment

Questions to ask patients regarding pain in general

Site

Character

Severity

Duration and frequency

Onset and time

Further Reading

10 I've Got a Dislocated Jaw

Examination

Radiographs

Other special tests

Likely diagnoses

Management

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

11 My Teeth Are Worn

History

Examination

Radiographic examination (Bitewings)

Diagnosis

Treatment

Important considerations in tooth surface loss

Abrasion

Attrition

Parafunction

Management of attrition

Clinical photographs

Dated reference casts (study models)

Silicone index

Determine the cause

Prevent and treat the sensitivity

Treatment options

Categories of tooth surface loss

Category 1

Category 2

Category 3

Further reading

12 I've Got a Headache

Examination

Radiographs

Articulatory system exam

Which muscles are tender?

Why do joints click?

Likely diagnosis

Headache

Management

Patient journey

Further Reading

13 I've Got Whiplash

Examination

Radiographic examination

Record‐keeping

Are TMD and whiplash related?

Trauma

Physiological

Psychological

Cultural

Likely diagnosis

Management

Drug therapy

Physiotherapy

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

14 What's of Use to Me in Practice?

Counselling and reassurance

Drug therapy

Physiotherapy

Splint therapy

Mouth prop

Occlusal adjustments

Does orthodontic treatment cause TMD?

Restorative treatment, the dentist, and TMD

The use of a facebow and semi‐adjustable articulators

Radiographs

Further referral

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

15 You and the Lawyer

Case scenario 1: note and record‐keeping

Case scenario 2: a medical report request

Do you get enough information? Have you got the necessary experience?

What will you receive?

You will receive a quantity of notes

Doctor's records

Dentist's records

Walk‐in centre records

Royal Infirmary records

Dental hospital records

Your report

Case scenario 3: a disgruntled patient

Particulars of claim

Particulars of negligence

Particulars of injury

Further Reading

16 The Referral Letter

Details

History

Medical and social history

Request

Further Reading

17 How to Make a Splint

How do you make a stabilisation splint?

Facebow registration

Armamentarium (Figure 17.2)

Reference plane locator

Locating and marking a reference point on the patient's face

Taking the facebow registration (assembling the earbow on the patient)

Centric relation record

Fitting a stabilisation splint

How do you make an anterior repositioning splint?

Bite registration

Fitting the ARPS

Further reading

18 Bruxism: Current Knowledge of Aetiology and Management

Aetiology of bruxism

Definition of bruxism

Bruxism and TMD

Why bruxism (parafunction) is potentially damaging?

How much evidence about the efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism?

How can bruxism be managed?

Further reading

Evidence‐based dentistry

19 Splint Therapy for the Management of TMD Patients: An Evidence‐Based Discussion

Stabilisation splint (SS)

Are occlusal splints effective for treating sleep bruxism?

Anterior repositioning splint (ARPS)

Do occlusal contacts change following splint therapy?

Mandibular advancement/snoring appliances

Further Reading

Evidence‐based Dentistry

20 Patient Information

Stabilisation splint

Anterior repositioning splint

Use and care of occlusal bite splint

General advice for patients with a TMD

Exercise programme for patients with TMD

Vertical movement

Lateral movement

Protrusive movement

Appendix I Flowcharts

Appendix II Glossary of Terms

Further Reading

Appendix III Short Answer Questions

Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

 

 

Description:

Based on the highly-regarded Walls Manual of Emergency Airway Management and part of the Manual of Emergency Medicine series envisioned by leading authority in emergency medicine, Dr. Ron M. Walls, Manual of Neurologic Emergencies provides evidence-based, easy-to-read coverage on the diagnosis and management of neurologic emergencies. Through the direction and expertise of editors Drs. Andy S. Jagoda and Christopher A. Lewandowski, this reference is a practical guide to approaching the patient with a neurologic complaint in a systematic way, providing a hands-on framework for clinical decision making and therapeutic interventions. 

 

Table of Contents:

 

SECTION 1: Approach to the Patient

1. Neuro anatomy: The Basics

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Cerebrum

Subcortical Structures

THE ARTERIAL VASCULAR SYSTEM

THE VENOUS VASCULAR SYSTEM

THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

MENINGES AND DURAL SPACES

SPINAL CORD

SPINAL CORD VASCULATURE

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Somatic Nervous System

CRANIAL NERVES

Olfactory Nerve (I)

Optic Nerve (II)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Abducens (VI) Nerves

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Facial Nerve (VII)

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Vagus Nerve (X)

Accessory Nerve (XI)

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

SPINAL NERVES

Cervical Plexus

Brachial Plexus

Lumbar Plexus

Sacral Plexus

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION AND MUSCLE

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

TIPS AND PEARLS

2. The Neurologic Examination

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

Consciousness

Cognition

CRANIAL NERVE EXAMINATION

Olfactory Nerve

Optic Nerve

Oculomotor Nerve (III), Trochlear Nerve (IV), and Abducens (VI)

Trigeminal Nerve

Facial Nerve

Cochlear and Vestibular Nerves

Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Vagal Nerve

Accessory Nerve

Hypoglossal Nerve

MOTOR EXAMINATION

SENSORY EXAMINATION

REFLEXES

CEREBELLAR MANEUVERS/MOVEMENT AND COORDINATION

FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION

TIPS AND PEARLS

3. Abnormal Vision, Pupils, and Eye Movements

CLINICAL CHALLENGE

ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH

History

Physical Examination

CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING

Intraocular Pathology

Posterior Chamber Pathology

Optic Nerve Pathology

Neuro-Ophthalmologic and Other Retrobulbar Etiologies (Extraocular Pathology)

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

TIPS AND PEARLS

4. Weakness

CLINICAL CHALLENGE

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Neurologic

Non-neurologic

APPROACH

Diagnostic Testing

DISPOSITION

TIPS AND PEARLS

5. Fundamentals of Neuroimaging

BASICS OF NEUROIMAGING

Computed Tomography (CT)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

OBJECTIVES OF NEUROIMAGING

Non-contrast CT

CT Angiography

CT Perfusion

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Spine Imaging

SPECIAL SITUATIONS

Neuroimaging in Pediatrics

Neuroimaging in Pregnancy

TIPS AND PEARLS

SECTION 2: Clinical Presentations

6. Altered Consciousness and Behavior

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONSIDERATIONS

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

Approach

Focused History

Abcs and Cervical Spine Precautions

Neurologic Assessment

Additional High-Yield Examination Findings

Diagnostic Studies

MANAGEMENT

General Principles

Distinguishing Delirium from Dementia and Depression

Structural Diagnoses

Nonstructural Diagnoses

PEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS

TIPS AND PEARLS

7. Myopathies and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES

The Clinical Challenge

Pathophysiology

Prehospital Concerns

Approach/The Focused Examination

Management

Pediatric Issues

GENETIC MYOPATHIES

PERIODIC PARALYSIS

TOXIC MYOPATHIES

RHABDOMYOLYSIS

TIPS AND PEARLS

EVIDENCE

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS

The Clinical Challenge

Pathophysiology

Prehospital Concerns

Approach/The Focused Examination

Management

Pediatric Issues

LAMBERT-EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME

BOTULISM

TICK PARALYSIS

TIPS AND PEARLS

8. The Neuropathies

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH BELL PALSY

MANAGEMENT

TIPS AND PEARLS

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH GBS

MANAGEMENT

TIPS AND PEARLS

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY

MANAGEMENT

TIPS AND PEARLS

9. Acute Presentations in Chronic Neurologic Conditions

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

TRANSVERSE MYELITIS

POST STROKE SYNDROMES

POST SPINAL CORD INJURY

COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME

NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

PARKINSON DISEASE

DISORDERS OF ELEVATED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)

NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS (NPH)

10. Dizziness and Vertigo

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

Acute Spontaneous Vestibular Syndrome

Acute Triggered Vestibular Syndrome

Episodic Spontaneous Vestibular Syndrome

Episodic Triggered Vestibular Syndrome

MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

TIPS AND PEARLS

11. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

Evaluation Tools

DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

Neuroimaging

Biomarkers

MANAGEMENT

COMPLICATIONS/OUTCOMES

Post-Concussion Syndrome

Second-Impact Syndrome

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

TIPS AND PEARLS

12. Head Trauma (Severe)

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Anatomy and Intracranial Physiology

Injury Patterns

Cerebral Herniation Syndromes

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

Airway

Blood Pressure

Agitation

THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

Initial Assessment

Focused Neurologic Examination

Pupil Examination

Motor Examination

Invasive Monitoring

Laboratory Testing

Radiography

MANAGEMENT

Airway Management

Ventilator Management Following TBI

Blood Pressure Control and Targets

Hyperosmolar Therapy

Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Agent Reversal

Reversal of Oral Anticoagulants

Reversal of Antiplatelet Drugs and Platelet Transfusion

Targeted Temperature Management

Seizure Prophylaxis

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

Steroids

Antibiotics

Progesterone

Tranexamic Acid

Surgical Decompression

TIPS AND PEARLS

13. Cervical Spine Trauma and Spinal Cord Emergencies

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Primary and Secondary Injury

Mechanism of Injury

Anatomic Subclassifications and Injury

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries

Cervical Spine Clearance and Imaging

MANAGEMENT

Cervical Spine Bracing

Cervical Traction

Early Decompression and Stabilization

Autonomic Derangements and Neurogenic Shock

Pulmonary and Airway Issues

Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism

Steroids

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

TIPS AND PEARLS

14. Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONSIDERATIONS

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

MANAGEMENT

Spinal Subarachnoid/Epidural Hemorrhage

Lumbar Radiculopathy

Cauda Equina/Conus Medullaris Syndrome

Epidural Abscess

TIPS AND PEARLS

15. Acute Stroke

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Transient Ischemic Attacks

Risk Factors for Stroke

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH

Diagnosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Transient Ischemic Attacks

AIS Management

Management of TIA

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

Evaluation Tools

NEUROIMAGING

MANAGEMENT

Airway Management and Ventilation

Blood Pressure Management

Hemostatic Therapy

Seizure and Other Medical Therapies

Medical ICP Control Therapies

Operative Intervention

OUTCOMES

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

TIPS AND PEARLS

16. Headache

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Stabilization

History

Physical Exam

MANAGEMENT

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PRESENTATION

DIAGNOSTICS

TREATMENT

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

Cervical Artery Dissection

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Giant Cell Arteritis

Pediatric Issues

TIPS AND PEARLS

17. Seizures and Status Epilepticus

CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONSIDERATIONS

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAMINATION

History

The Focused Examination

Diagnostic Testing

MANAGEMENT

Status Epilepticus

Resolved Seizure

First-Time Seizure

Acute Symptomatic Seizures

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

Pediatric Consideration

Seizures in Pregnancy

Laboratory Testing

Imaging

TIPS AND PEARLS

18. Central Nervous System Infections

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

PREHOSPITAL CONCERNS

APPROACH

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Brain Abscess

Spinal Epidural Abscess

CNS Shunt Infection

Prion Disease

PEDIATRICS

MANAGEMENT

Meningitis

Encephalitis

CNS Abscess

Other Infections

TIPS AND PEARLS

Index

 

 

Description:

Anatomical localization skills based in physical examination are essential for any clinician caring for patients with neurologic disease processes. Now fully revised and up to date, Localization in Clinical Neurology, 8th Edition, uses easy-to-read descriptions, full-color illustrations and videos to help readers understand and locate the source of a patient’s signs and symptoms. This gold standard text now features dozens of clinical videos that help clinicians improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary testing.

 

Table of Contents:

 

1 General Principles of Neurologic Localization

Introduction

A Brief History of Localization: Aphasia as an Example

Clinical Diagnosis and Lesion Localization

Localization of Lesions of the Motor System

Anatomy of the Motor System

Motor Signs and Symptoms and Their Localization

The Localization of Sensory Abnormalities

Anatomy of the Sensory System

Sensory Signs and Symptoms and Their Localization

Localization of Postural and Gait Disorders

Neural Structures Controlling Posture and Gait

Examination of Gait and Balance

Classification of Gait Disorders

2 Peripheral Nerves

Principal Signs and Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Disease

Sensory Disturbances

Motor Disturbances

Disturbances of Muscle Stretch Reflexes

Vasomotor, Sudomotor, and Trophic Disturbances

Mononeuropathy Multiplex

Polyneuropathy

Lesions of Individual Nerves

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4–C5)

Subclavian Nerve (C5–C6)

Long Thoracic Nerve (C5–C7)

Suprascapular Nerve (C5–C6)

Subscapular Nerves (C5–C7)

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6–C8)

Anterior Thoracic Nerves (C5–T1)

Axillary Nerve (C5–C6)

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5–C7)

Median Nerve (C6–T1)

Ulnar Nerve (C7–T1)

Nerve Lesions

Radial Nerve (C5–C8)

Medial Cutaneous Nerves of the Arm and Forearm (C8–T1)

Intercostobrachial Nerve (T2)

Iliohypogastric (T12–L1), Ilioinguinal (L1), and Genitofemoral (L1–L2) Nerves

Femoral Nerve (L2–L4)

Obturator Nerve (L2–L4)

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2–L3)

Gluteal Nerves (L4–S2)

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (S1–S3)

Pudendal Nerve (S1–S4)

Sciatic Nerve (L4–S3) and Its Branches

3 Cervical, Brachial, and Lumbosacral Plexuses

The Cervical Plexus

Anatomy

Lesions of the Cervical Plexus

The Brachial Plexus

Anatomy

Lesions of the Brachial Plexus

Neuralgic Amyotrophy

Total Plexus Paralysis

Upper Plexus Paralysis (Erb–Duchenne Type)

Middle Plexus Paralysis

Lower Plexus Paralysis (Déjerine-Klumpke Type)

Lesions of the Cords of the Brachial Plexus

Brachial Mononeuropathies

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Cervicobrachial Neurovascular Compression Syndrome)

The Lumbosacral Plexus

Anatomy

Lesions of the Lumbosacral Plexus

Lesions of the Entire Lumbosacral Plexus

Lesions of the Lumbar Segments

Lesions of the Sacral Plexus

4 Spinal Nerve and Root

Anatomy of the Spinal Nerves and Roots

Principles of Spinal Nerve and Root Localization

Sensory Symptoms

Motor Signs

Reflex Signs

Etiologies of Spinal Nerve and Root Lesions

The Localization of Nerve Root Syndromes

Lesions Affecting the Cervical Roots

Lesions Affecting the Thoracic Roots

Lesions of the Lumbar and Sacral Roots

The Localization of Lumbosacral Disc Disease

5 Spinal Cord

Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

Gross Anatomy and Relationship to Vertebral Levels

Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

Major Ascending and Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord

Corticospinal Tract

Corticorubrospinal Tract

Lateral Reticulospinal Tract

Vestibulospinal Tract

Medial Reticulospinal Tract

Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord

Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord

Physiology of the Spinal Cord Circulation

Spinal Cord Lesions

Complete Spinal Cord Transection (Transverse Myelopathy)

Lesions Affecting the Spinal Cord Centrally

Posterolateral Column Disease

Posterior Column Disease

Anterior Horn Cell Syndromes

Combined Anterior Horn Cell and Corticospinal Tract Disease

Vascular Disorders of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Canal

Arterial Spinal Cord Infarction

Venous Spinal Cord Infarction

Spinal Cord Vascular Malformations

Spinal Canal Hemorrhages

Extramedullary Cord Lesions and Their Differentiation from Intramedullary Cord Lesions

Localization of Spinal Cord Lesions at Different Levels

Foramen Magnum Syndrome and Lesions of the Upper Cervical Cord

Lesions of the Fifth and Sixth Cervical Segments

Lesions of the Seventh Cervical Segment

Lesions of the Eighth Cervical and First Thoracic Segments

Lesions of the Thoracic Segments

Lesions of the First Lumbar Segment

Lesions of the Second Lumbar Segment

Lesions of the Third Lumbar Segment

Lesions of the Fourth Lumbar Segment

Lesions of the Fifth Lumbar Segment

Lesions of the First and Second Sacral Segments

Conus Medullaris Lesions

Cauda Equina Lesions

Neurogenic Bladder with Spinal Cord Lesions

Sexual Function

Fecal Incontinence

6 Cranial Nerve I (The Olfactory Nerve)

Anatomy of the Olfactory Pathways

Localization of Lesions Affecting the Olfactory Nerve

Lesions Causing Anosmia

The Foster–Kennedy Syndrome

Lesions Causing Parosmia and Cacosmia

7 Visual Pathways

Anatomy of the Visual System

The Retina

The Optic Nerves and Optic Chiasm

The Optic Tracts and Lateral Geniculate Bodies

The Optic Radiations

The Visual Cortex and Visual Association Areas

Vascular Supply of the Visual Pathways

Localization of Lesions in the Optic Pathways

Changes in Visual Perception

Types of Visual Field Defects

Localization of Visual Field Defects

Objective Findings with Lesions of the Optic Pathways

Optic Neuropathy

8 The Localization of Lesions Affecting the Ocular Motor System

Ocular Motor Muscles and Nerves

Orbital Muscles

Diplopia

Testing for Diplopia

Childhood Strabismus

Disease of the Ocular Muscles

Retinal Disease Causing Diplopia

Ocular Motor Nerves and Localization of Lesions

The Pupil

Supranuclear Control of Eye Movements

The Vestibular System

Full-Field Optokinetic Reflex

Smooth Pursuit System

Anatomy of the Pursuit System

Lesions Affecting Smooth Pursuit

The Saccadic System

Mechanical Properties of Saccadic Eye Movements

Convergence System

Fixation System

Gaze Palsies

Nystagmus and Other Ocular Oscillations

Oscillopsia

Optokinetic Drum

Jerk Nystagmus

Systems Classification of Nystagmus

Vestibular Nystagmus

Gaze-Holding Nystagmus

Visual Stabilization Nystagmus

Clinical Classification of Nystagmus

Saccadic Intrusions

Lid Nystagmus

The Eyelids

Ptosis

Eyelid Retraction and Lid Lag

9 Cranial Nerve V (The Trigeminal Nerve)

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal Nerve)

Motor Portion

Sensory Portion

Clinical Evaluation of Cranial Nerve V Function

Sensory Evaluation

Motor Evaluation

Reflex Evaluation

Localization of Lesions Affecting Cranial Nerve V

Supranuclear Lesions

Nuclear Lesions

Lesions Affecting the Preganglionic Trigeminal Nerve Roots

Lesions Affecting the Gasserian Ganglion

Raeder Paratrigeminal Syndrome

Gradenigo Syndrome

The Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

The Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome

Lesions Affecting the Peripheral Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve

Jaw Drop

10 Cranial Nerve VII (The Facial Nerve)

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve)

Motor Division

Nervus Intermedius

Anatomy of the Peripheral Course of the Facial Nerve

Vascular Supply of the Facial Nerve

Clinical Evaluation of CN VII Function

Motor Function

Sensory Function

Reflex Function

Parasympathetic Function

Localization of Lesions Affecting CN VII

Supranuclear Lesions (Central or Upper Motor Neuron Facial Paralysis)

Nuclear and Fascicular Lesions (Pontine Lesions)

Posterior Fossa Lesions (Cerebellopontine Angle Lesions)

Lesions Affecting the Meatal Segment of the Facial Nerve in the Temporal Bone

Lesions Affecting the Facial Nerve within the Facial Canal Distal to the Meatal Segment but Proximal to the Exit of the Nerve to the Stapedius Muscle

Lesions Affecting the Facial Nerve within the Facial Canal Between the Exit of the Nerve to the Stapedius and the Exit of the Chorda Tympani

Lesions Affecting the Facial Nerve in the Facial Canal Distal to the Exit of the Chorda Tympani

Lesions Distal to the Stylomastoid Foramen

Abnormalities of Tear Secretion

Abnormalities of Eyelid Closure

Eyelid Closure Insufficiency

Excessive Eyelid Closure and Blepharospasm

Abnormal Facial Movements and Their Localization

Dyskinetic Movements

Dystonic Movements (Blepharospasm and Blepharospasm with Oromandibular Dystonia)

Hemifacial Spasm

Postparalytic Spasm and Synkinetic Movements

Miscellaneous Movements

11 Cranial Nerve VIII (The Vestibulocochlear Nerve)

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve VIII

Auditory Pathways

The Vestibular System

Clinical Evaluation of Cranial Nerve VIII Function

Sensorineural Deafness

Vertigo and Vestibular Function

Localization of Lesions Causing Deafness and Vertigo

Localization of Lesions Causing Sensorineural Deafness

Localization of Lesions Causing Vertigo

Benign Paroxysmal Positioning Vertigo

Peripheral Vestibulopathy

Ménière Disease

Vertigo Secondary to Middle Ear Disease

Vertigo Secondary to Viral Infections

Vertigo Secondary to Trauma

Vascular Causes of the Central Vestibular Syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors

Vestibular Epilepsy

Other Central Nervous System Disorders

Systemic Causes of Dizziness and Vertigo

12 Cranial Nerves IX and X (The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves)

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)

Clinical Evaluation of Cranial Nerve IX

Motor Function

Sensory Function

Reflex Function

Autonomic Function

Localization of Lesions Affecting the Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Supranuclear Lesions

Nuclear and Intramedullary Lesions

Extramedullary Lesions

Glossopharyngeal (Vagoglossopharyngeal) Neuralgia

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve X (Vagus Nerve)

Clinical Evaluation of Cranial Nerve X

Motor Function

Sensory Function

Reflex Function

Localization of Lesions Affecting the Vagus Nerve

Supranuclear Lesions

Nuclear Lesions and Lesions within the Brainstem

Lesions within the Posterior Fossa

Lesions Affecting the Vagus Nerve Proper

Lesions of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Lesions of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Syncope from Glossopharyngeal or Vagal Metastasis

Arnold Nerve Cough Reflex

13 Cranial Nerve XI (The Spinal Accessory Nerve)

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)

Clinical Evaluation of Cranial Nerve XI Function

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Trapezius Muscle

Localization of Lesions Affecting Cranial Nerve XI

Supranuclear Lesions

Nuclear Lesions

Infranuclear Lesions

14 Cranial Nerve XII (The Hypoglossal Nerve)

Anatomy of Cranial Nerve XII (The Hypoglossal Nerve)

Clinical Evaluation of Cranial Nerve XII

Localization of Lesions Affecting Cranial Nerve XII

Supranuclear Lesions

Nuclear Lesions and Intramedullary Cranial Nerve XII Lesions

Peripheral Lesions of Cranial Nerve XII

Abnormal Tongue Movements

Dysarthria

15 Brainstem

Medulla Oblongata

Anatomy of the Medulla

Vascular Supply of the Medulla

Medullary Syndromes

The Pons

Anatomy of the Pons

Vascular Supply of the Pons

Pontine Syndromes

The Mesencephalon

Anatomy of the Mesencephalon

Vascular Supply of the Mesencephalon

Mesencephalic Syndromes

16 The Cerebellum

Anatomy of the Cerebellum

Vascular Supply of the Cerebellum

Clinical Manifestations of Cerebellar Dysfunction

Hypotonia

Cerebellar Ataxia

Cerebellar Dysarthria

Tremor

Ocular Motor Dysfunction

Cerebellar Fits

Miscellaneous

Nonmotor Manifestations

Cerebellar Syndromes

Rostral Vermis Syndrome

Caudal Vermis Syndrome

Hemispheric Syndrome

Pancerebellar Syndrome

Syndromes of Cerebellar Infarction

Inferior Cerebellar Infarction (Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery)

Ventral Cerebellar Infarction (Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery)

Dorsal Cerebellar Infarct (Superior Cerebellar Artery)

17 The Localization of Lesions Affecting the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Anatomy of the Region

Main Hypothalamic Nuclear Groups

Connections of the Hypothalamus

Clinical Manifestations of Hypothalamic or Pituitary Dysfunction

Disturbances of Temperature Regulation

Disturbances of Alertness and Sleep

Autonomic Disturbances

Disturbances of Water Balance

Disturbances of Caloric Balance and Feeding Behavior

Disturbances of Reproductive Functions

Other Endocrine Disturbances

Disturbances of Memory

Disturbances of Emotional Behavior and Affect

Gelastic Seizures

Headache

Chronic Pain

Impaired Visual Acuity, Visual Field Defects

Diplopia, Pupillary Changes

Clinical Findings Resulting from Lesions in Various Areas of the Hypothalamus and in the Pituitary Gland

18 The Anatomic Localization of Lesions in the Thalamus

Functional Anatomy of the Thalamus

Vascular Supply of the Thalamus

Localization of Ischemic Thalamic Lesions

Paramedian Territory

Thalamogeniculate (Lateral Thalamic or Inferolateral Thalamic) Territory

Tuberothalamic (Anterolateral Thalamic) Territory

Territory of the Posterior Choroidal Arteries

Clinical Manifestations of Lesions in the Thalamus

Disturbances of Alertness

Autonomic Disturbances

Disturbances of Mood and Affect

Memory Disturbances

Sensory Disturbances

Motor Disturbances

Disturbances of Ocular Motility

Disturbances of Complex Sensorimotor Functions

Disturbances of Executive Function

Topographic Localization of Thalamic Lesions

Anterior Thalamic Region

Medial Thalamic Region

VL Thalamic Region

Posterior Region

19 Basal Ganglia

Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia

Inputs into the Striatum (Caudate and Putamen)

Striatal Efferents

Pallidal Afferents and Efferents

Nigral Afferents and Efferents

Lesions of the Basal Ganglia

Dyskinesias

Chorea

Tardive Dyskinesia and Other Tardive Syndromes

Orofacial Dyskinesia

Abdominal Dyskinesias

Ballism

Akathisia

Athetosis

Dystonia

Torticollis

Paroxysmal Dyskinesias

Myoclonus

Painful Legs and Moving Toes

Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep

Tics

Tremor

Hypokinetic and Bradykinetic Disorders

Parkinsonism

Stiff-Man (Stiff-Person) Syndrome

Cortical-Basal Ganglionic (Corticobasal) Degeneration

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (Steele–Richardson–Olszewski Syndrome)

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Multiple System Atrophy

Paraneoplastic Movement Disorders

20 The Localization of Lesions Affecting the Cerebral Cortex

Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex

Symptoms and Signs Caused by Cerebral Cortical Lesions

Vegetative Disturbances

Disturbances of Attention

Emotional Disturbances

Memory Disturbances

Sensory Disturbances

Disturbances of Sensorimotor Integration and of Movement Execution (Parietal, Frontal)

21 Localization of Lesions in the Autonomic Nervous System

Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Enteric Nervous System

22 Vascular Syndromes of the Forebrain, Brainstem, and Cerebellum

Arterial Blood Supply

The Internal Carotid Artery

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Middle Cerebral Artery

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Collateral Circulation

Syndromes of the Cerebral Arteries

Transient Ischemic Attacks

The Carotid Artery Syndrome

The AChA Syndrome

ACA Syndrome

MCA Syndrome

Lacunar Infarctions

Cerebral Hemorrhage Syndromes

General Features

Specific Signs by Location

Syndromes Related to Cerebral Aneurysms

Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms

Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms

MCA Aneurysms

Vertebrobasilar Circulation Aneurysms

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

23 The Localization of Lesions Causing Coma

The Unresponsive Patient

Anatomic Substrate of Alertness

Signs with Localizing Value in Coma

Respiratory Patterns

Temperature Changes

The Pupils

Eye Movements

Corneal Reflex

Motor Activity of the Body and Limbs

Clinical Presentations of Coma-Inducing Lesions Depending on Their Location

Supratentorial Structural Lesions

Subtentorial Structural Lesions

Psychogenic Unresponsiveness

Diagnosis of Death by Neurologic Criteria

Index

 

 

A beautiful box set with Yuval Harari's three phenomenal global bestselling titles:

 

Includes:

SAPIENS

HOMO DEUS

21 LESSONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

 

These books are must haves for anyone interested in the history of humanity and the lessons we can learn from the past as we prepare for our future.

 

These books have sold over 30 million copies in 60 languages worldwide and they continue to take the world by storm.

 

Yuval Noah Harari, bestselling historian and philosopher, is considered one of the world's most influential thinkers and pubic intellectuals. He has a PhD from the University of Oxford and now lectures at the department of history, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Officially available for the first time, Yuval Noah Harari's ground-breaking collection in a 3-book box set.

 

A beautiful box set with Yuval Harari's three phenomenal global bestselling titles:

 

Includes:

SAPIENS

HOMO DEUS

21 LESSONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

 

These books are must haves for anyone interested in the history of humanity and the lessons we can learn from the past as we prepare for our future.

 

These books have sold over 30 million copies in 60 languages worldwide and they continue to take the world by storm.

 

Yuval Noah Harari, bestselling historian and philosopher, is considered one of the world's most influential thinkers and pubic intellectuals. He has a PhD from the University of Oxford and now lectures at the department of history, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

 

 

Celebrate over 100 years of the legendary Harley-Davidson Motorcycles.

The definitive motorcycle guide explores the legacy of this iconic brand, from its origins in a backyard shed to the enormous international brand it is today. From sports bikes, v-rods and choppers, bikers can explore the best Harley Davidson bikes.

Explore motorcycle history with this Harley Davidson book. Inside you'll discover:

- A tribute to the world's most incredible motorcycle company, written by a specialist Harley Davidson expert and lifelong fan - Hugo Wilson
- Catalogues over 70 of the most coveted Harleys ever created, including racing models, special one-offs, limited-editions, and the latest models - including the Pan-America 1250
- An updated catalogue that includes technical data and key design innovations for each bike

For more than 100 years, Harley-Davidson has shaped the motorcycle world and been synonymous with the pursuit of adventure and a rebellious spirit. Double page gallery spreads showcase more than 70 of the best Harleys ever made, highlighting and exploring their defining features.

Fans of these iconic motorcycles can browse through an updated catalogue of every production model. Explore technical data and key specs for each motorbike, including racing models, unique one-offs, and limited-edition production runs. This visual guide also includes close-up images of key Harley-Davidson engines to see how the bikes worked.

 

Let your little learner go on a fun-filled farm adventure with an adorable ladybird!

Along the way, your baby will meet cute farm animals, learn first words and discover cutaway finger trails to follow on every page. Let the exploring begin!

This baby board book makes early learning fun! It's packed with educational activities and features such as:

- Naming the things on the farm builds vocabulary and promotes reading readiness
- Exploring the cut-out trials develops observations and fine motor skills
- Joining in with the rhymes and farm animal sounds encourage language development

Babies and toddlers will love learning all about farm life through delightful photos, charming, read-aloud rhymes and fun animal sounds. What's that loud cock-a-doodle-doo? It's the cockerel's noisy song! Oink, oink, oink, that must be the piggies in the muck!

From geese by the pond and sheep on the hills to cows in the barn and rabbits in the field, can you help Ladybird name her favourite animals? This baby first words book includes 40 farm words to help develop language skills. The cut-out finger trails inside stimulate learning through play, boosts curiosity and improves dexterity.

It's the ultimate follow-the-trail book for curious children aged 6 months to 3 years and parents who want a fun and educational gift for toddlers or preschoolers.

Let your little one's imagination soar! This charming first baby book is part of an award-winning preschool learning series that helps toddlers learn before starting school.

 

Discover the most important and groundbreaking milestones in the history of medicine, and the people behind them.

From ancient herbal remedies to modern drugs, this accessible medical reference book explores the breakthroughs and discoveries that have shaped our modern-day understanding of medicine.

Inside the pages of this illustrated medicine history book, you'll discover:

- Profiles of more than 90 of the biggest ideas, breakthroughs, and milestones in international medical history
- Thought-provoking graphics and flow-charts that demystify the central concepts behind each medical idea
- Insightful and inspiring quotes from famous physicians, scientists, politicians, and academics

How are illnesses diagnosed? How do vaccinations work? Why are some pandemics so deadly?

This informative book about medicine through time answers big questions like these and many more!

Packed with pithy explanations, step-by-step diagrams and bright illustrations, The Medicine Book cuts through the jargon and offers a clear overview of the greatest medical breakthroughs. Learn about major diseases such as cancer and the global eradication of smallpox. Explore new developments in IVF and gene manipulation, as well as medical science's response to global challenges, such as COVID-19.

It's perfect for medical professionals, students of medicine, or anyone interested in the fascinating medical history of the world.

 

`An amazing story, and truly inspiring. The kind of book everyone will enjoy. IT'S EVEN BETTER THAN YOU'VE HEARD.' - Bill GatesSelected as a book of the year by AMAZON, THE TIMES, SUNDAY TIMES, GUARDIAN, NEW YORK TIMES, ECONOMIST, NEW STATESMAN, VOGUE, IRISH TIMES, IRISH EXAMINER and RED MAGAZINE THE MULTI-MILLION COPY BESTSELLER________________________Tara Westover and her family grew up preparing for the End of Days but, according to the government, she didn't exist.

She hadn't been registered for a birth certificate. She had no school records because she'd never set foot in a classroom, and no medical records because her father didn't believe in hospitals. As she grew older, her father became more radical and her brother more violent.

At sixteen, Tara knew she had to leave home. In doing so she discovered both the transformative power of education, and the price she had to pay for it. ________________________* From one of TIME magazine's 100 most influential people of 2019* Shortlisted for the 2018 BAMB Readers' Awards* Recommended as a summer read by Barack Obama, Antony Beevor, India Knight, Blake Morrison and Nina Stibbe

 

DESCRIPTION:

Glossary of Dental Implantology provides a comprehensive, consensus-based global platform of dental implant terminology for effective communication among dental professionals, clinicians, clinical and basic science researchers, and scientists.

·         Offers clear definitions for dental implant-related terms for use by the whole dental team

·         Fosters a working knowledge of currently used dental implant terminology

·         Helps team members to communicate more efficiently and effectively

·         Presents a comprehensive guide for specialist and general dentists, dental students, residents, dental hygienists, and dental laboratory technicians

·         Includes entries for hardware technology, regenerative materials, lasers, radiology, and more

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

 

Foreword ix

Preface xi

A 1

B 21

C 35

D 59

E 71

F 83

G 93

H 101

I 109

J 123

K 125

L 127

M 135

N 151

O 157

P 167

Q 189

R 191

S 203

T 221

U 233

V 235

W 239

X 241

Y 243

Z 245

Appendix A Digital Dental Terms 247

Appendix B Useful Websites 251

Appendix C Recommended Reading 257

 

Book Description:

Edited by and featuring contributions from world-class researchers, Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications offers a unified work of the latest human eye imaging and modeling techniques that have been proposed and applied to the diagnosis of ophthalmologic problems, including inflammation, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. With a focus on theory, basic principles, and results derived from research, the book:

Explores various morphological, textural, higher-order spectral, and wavelet transformation techniques used to extract salient features from images of the human eye

Examines 2D and 3D finite element and boundary element models of the human eye developed to simulate thermal steady-state conditions

Addresses the difficult task of benchmarking the validity of human eye imaging techniques and computer-simulated results with experimental measurements

Intended to be a companion to Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology, this volume covers several aspects of multimodal ophthalmological imaging and applications, presenting information in an accessible manner to appeal to a wide audience of students, researchers, and practitioners. Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications considers promising simulations that pave the way for new possibilities in computational methods for eye health care.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Retinal Vascular Imaging in Clinical Research
M. Kamran Ikram, Shaun Sim, Yi Ting Ong, Carol Y. Cheung, and Tien Y. Wong

Detection and Modeling of the Major Temporal Arcade in Retinal Fundus Images
Faraz Oloumi, Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, and Anna L. Ells

Application of Higher Order Spectra Cumulants for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection using Digital Fundus Images
Roshan Joy Martis, Karthikeyan Ganesan, U. Rajendra Acharya, Chua Kuang Chua, Lim Choo Min, E.Y.K. Ng, Augustinus Laude, and Jasjit S. Suri

Quality Measures for Retinal Images
S. R. Nirmala, S. Dandapat, and P. K. Bora

Graph Search Retinal Vessel Tracking
Enea Poletti and Alfredo Ruggeri

Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging: Fundamentals and Clinical Relevance
Yasir J. Sepah, Abeer Akhtar, Yammama Hafeez, Humzah Nasir, Brian Perez, Narissa Mawji, Muhammad Ali Sadiq, Diana J. Dean, Daniel Ferraz, and Quan Dong Nguyen

The Needs/Requirements and Design of Imaging and Image Processing Methods for Ophthalmology in the Indian Context
Sudipta Mukhopadhyay, Amod Gupta, and Reema Bansal

The Application of Ocular Fundus Photography and Angiography
C. Chee, P. Santiago, G. Lingam, M. Singh, T. Naing, E. Mangunkusumo, and M. Nasir

Optic Nerve Analysis and Imaging in Relation to Glaucoma
Seng Chee Loon, Victor Koh, and Rosalynn Grace Siantar

Imaging of the Eye after Glaucoma Surgery
Mandeep S. Singh, Maria Cecilia D. Aquino, and Paul T. K. Chew

Confocal Microscopy of Cornea
Manotosh Ray, Anna W.T. Tan, and Dawn K.A. Lim

Corneal Topography and Tomography: The Orbscan II
Anna W.T. Tan, Manotosh Ray, and Dawn K.A. Lim

Automatic Analysis of Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Sequences for Arteriovenous Passage Time Measurement
Castor Mariño, Marcos Ortega, Jorge Novo, Beatriz Remeseiro, Alba Fernandez, and Francisco Gomez-Ulla

Optical Coherence Tomography
Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Yasir J. Sepah, Millena G. Bittencourt, Hongting Liu, Mostafa Hanout, Daniel Ferraz, Diana V. Do, and Quan Dong Nguyen

The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography on Imaging of the Ocular Surface
Tin Aung Tun, Sze-Yee Lee, Rachel Nge, and Louis Tong

Anterior Segment Imaging of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT)
Zheng Ce and Paul Chew Tec Kuan

Cyst Detection in OCT Images for Pathology Characterization
Ana Gonzalez, Beatriz Remeseiro, Marcos Ortega, Manuel G. Penedo, and Pablo Charlon

Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Fundus Perimetry: The Microperimetry
Millena G. Bittencourt, Daniel Ferraz, Hongting Liu, Mostafa Hanout, Yasir J. Sepah, Diana V. Do, and Quan Dong Nguyen

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy: Imaging of the Ocular Surface
Sze-Yee Lee, Shakil Rehman, and Louis Tong

Biomechanical Modeling of Blood Vessels for Interpretation of Tortuosity Estimates
Martynas Patašius, Vaidotas Marozas, Darius Jegelevičius, Arūnas Lukoševičius, Irmantas Kupčiūnas, and Audris Kopustinskas

Hybrid Finite Element Simulation for Bioheat Transfer in Human Eye
Hui Wang, Qing Hua Qin, and Ming-Yue Han

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Specific Absorption Rate and Heat Transfer in the Human Eye
Teerapot Wessapan and Phadungsak Rattanadecho

Dry-Eye Characterization by Analysis of Tear Film Images
Beatriz Remeseiro, Manuel G. Penedo, Carlos Garcia-Resua, Eva Yebra-Pimentel, and Antonio Mosquera

Thermography and the Eye: A Look at Ocular Surface Temperature
Dawn K.A. Lim, Thet Naing, and Caroline Chee

 

 

Book Description:

 

Digital fundus images can effectively diagnose glaucoma and diabetes retinopathy, while infrared imaging can show changes in the vascular tissues. Likening the eye to the conventional camera, Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology explores the application of advanced image processing in ocular imaging. This book considers how images can be used to effectively diagnose ophthalmologic problems. It introduces multi-modality image processing algorithms as a means for analyzing subtle changes in the eye. It details eye imaging, textural imaging, and modeling, and highlights specific imaging and modeling techniques.

The book covers the detection of diabetes retinopathy, glaucoma, anterior segment eye abnormalities, instruments on detection of glaucoma, and development of human eye models using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer principles to predict inner temperatures of the eye from its surface temperature. It presents an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) system for anterior chamber angle imaging and proposes an automated anterior segment eye disease classification system that can be used for early disease diagnosis and treatment management. It focuses on the segmentation of the blood vessels in high-resolution retinal images and describes the integration of the image processing methodologies in a web-based framework aimed at retinal analysis.

The authors introduce the A-Levelset algorithm, explore the ARGALI system to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and describe the Singapore Eye Vessel Assessment (SIVA) system, a holistic tool which brings together various technologies from image processing and artificial intelligence to construct vascular models from retinal images. The text furnishes the working principles of mechanical and optical instruments for the diagnosis and healthcare administration of glaucoma, reviews state-of-the-art CDR calculation detail, and discusses the existing methods and databases.

Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology includes the latest research development in the field of eye modeling and the multi-modality image processing techniques in ocular imaging. It addresses the differences, performance measures, advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, and provides extensive reviews on related fields.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Imaging of the Anterior Chamber Angle

Maria Cecilia Aquino and Paul Chew

Automated Glaucoma Identification Using Retinal Fundus Images: A Hybrid Texture Feature Extraction Paradigm

Muthu Rama Krishnan Mookiah, U Rajendra Acharya, Chandan Chakraborty, Lim Choo Min, Eddie Y K Ng, and Jasjit S Suri

Ensemble Classification Applied to Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation: Theory and Implementation

Muhammad Moazam Fraz and Sarah A Barman

Computer Vision Algorithms Applied to Retinal Vessel Segmentation and Quantification of Vessel Caliber

Muhammad Moazam Fraz and Sarah A Barman

Segmentation of the Vascular Network of the Retina

Ana Maria Mendonça, Behdad Dashtbozorg, and Aurélio Campilho

Automatic Analysis of the Microaneurysm Turnover in a Web-Based Framework for Retinal Analysis

Noelia Barreira, Manuel G Penedo, Sonia González, Lucía Ramos, Brais Cancela, and Ana González

A-Levelset-Based Automatic Cup-to-Disc Ratio Measurement for Glaucoma Diagnosis from Fundus Image

Jiang Liu, Fengshou Yin, Damon Wing Kee Wong, Zhuo Zhang, Ngan Meng Tan, Carol Cheung, Mani Baskaran, Tin Aung, and Tien Yin Wong

The Singapore Eye Vessel Assessment System

Qiangfeng Peter Lau, Mong Li Lee, Wynne Hsu, and Tien Yin Wong

Quantification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Digital Fundus Images

Hasan Mir, Hasan Al-Nashash, and U Rajendra Acharya

Diagnostics Instruments for Glaucoma Detection

Teik-Cheng Lim, U Rajendra Acharya, Subhagata Chattopadhyay, Jasjit S Suri, and Eddie Y K Ng

Automated Cup-to-Disc Ratio Estimation for Glaucoma Diagnosis in Retinal Fundus Images

Irene Fondón, Carmen Serrano, Begoña Acha, and Soledad Jiménez

Arteriovenous Ratio Calculation Using Image-Processing Techniques

Manuel G Penedo, Sonia González, Noelia Barreira, Marc Saez, Antonio Pose-Reino, and María Rodríguez-Blanco

Survey on Techniques Used in Iris Recognition Systems

Nagarajan Malmurugan, Shanmugam Selvamuthukumaran, and Sugadev Shanmugaprabha

Formal Design and Development of an Anterior Segment Eye Disease Classification System

Oliver Faust, Chan Wei Yan, Muthu Rama Krishnan Mookiah, U Rajendra Acharya, Eddie Y K Ng, and Wenwei Yu

Modeling of Laser-Induced Thermal Damage to the Retina and the Cornea

Mathieu Jean and Karl Schulmeister

Automatization of Dry Eye Syndrome Tests

Manuel G Penedo, Beatriz Remeseiro, Lucía Ramos, Noelia Barreira, Carlos García-Resúa, Eva Yebra-Pimentel, and Antonio Mosquera

Thermal Modeling of the Ageing Eye

Anastasios Papaioannou and Theodoros Samaras

A Perspective Review on the Use of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Ocular Surface

Sze-Yee Lee, Andrea Petznick, Shakil Rehman, and Louis Tong

Computational Modeling of Thermal Damage Induced by Laser in a Choroidal Melanoma

José Duarte da Silva, Alcides Fernandes, Paulo Roberto Maciel Lyra, and Rita de Cássia Fernandes de Lima