Description: **Selected for 2025 Doody’s Core Titles® in Neuroscience** Acquiring a solid understanding of the gross anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and brainstem is a challenging task—one that’s made easier and more enjoyable with Nolte's The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy, 9th Edition. This highly regarded textbook demystifies the complexities of all key topics in functional neuroanatomy and neuroscience, using a clear writing style, interesting examples, and high-quality visual cues to provide the ideal depth of well-rounded coverage.
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- Uses a succinct, easy-to-understand writing style and plentiful diagrams to help you understand a difficult and often intimidating subject.
- Features highly templated, concise chapters that reinforce and expand your knowledge.
- Includes more Clinical Focus Boxes throughout, including neuropathology and neuropharmacology.
- Provides a real-life perspective through clinically relevant examples, up-to-date neuroimaging techniques, integrated coverage of neurogenetics and neuroimmunology, and superb illustrations that support and explain the text.
- Features a glossary of key terms that elucidates every part of the text, complemented by 3-dimensional images of the brain and the most up-to-date terminology throughout.
- Helps you gauge your mastery of the material and build confidence with multiple choice questions that provide effective chapter review and quick practice for your exams.
- An digital version is included with purchase. The digital allows you to access all of the text and figures, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.
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1 Introduction to the Nervous System The Nervous System Has Central and Peripheral Parts The Principal Cellular Elements of the Nervous System Are Neurons and Glial Cells Review Questions 2 Development of the Nervous System The Neural Tube Gives Rise to the Central Nervous System The Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes Give Rise to the Peripheral Nervous System Adverse Events During Development Can Cause Congenital Malformations of the Nervous System Review Questions 3 Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System The Long Axis of the CNS Bends at the Cephalic Flexure Hemisecting a Brain Reveals Parts of the Diencephalon, Brainstem, and Ventricular System Humans, Relative to Other Animals, Have Large Brains and Many Neurons Named Sulci and Gyri Cover the Cerebral Surface The Diencephalon Includes the Thalamus and Hypothalamus Most Cranial Nerves Are Attached to the Brainstem The Cerebellum Includes a Vermis and Two Hemispheres Sections of the Forebrain Reveal the Basal Nuclei and Limbic Structures Parts of the Nervous System Are Interconnected in Systematic Ways (Generalizations) Review Questions 4 Meningeal Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord The Three Meningeal Layers: The Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater The Dura Mater Provides Mechanical Strength The Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater Covers the Surface of the CNS Lymphatics of the CNS The Vertebral Canal Contains a Spinal Epidural Space Bleeding Can Open Up Potential Meningeal Spaces Parts of the CNS Can Herniate From One Intracranial Compartment Into Another Review Questions 5 Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid The Brain Contains Four Ventricles Choroid Plexus Is the Source of Most Cerebrospinal Fluid Imaging Techniques Allow Noninvasive Visualization of the CNS Disruption of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Can Cause Hydrocephalus Review Questions 6 Blood Supply of the Brain The Internal Carotid Arteries and Vertebral Arteries Supply the Brain Imaging Techniques Allow Arteries and Veins to Be Visualized A System of Barriers Partially Separates the Nervous System From the Rest of the Body Superficial and Deep Veins Drain the Brain Review Questions 7 Electrical Signaling by Neurons A Lipid-Protein Membrane Separates Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids Inputs to Neurons Cause Slow, Local Potential Changes Action Potentials Convey Information Over Long Distances Resistors, Capacitors, and Neuronal Membranes Calculating the Membrane Potential Review Questions 8 Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons There Are Five Steps in Conventional Chemical Synaptic Transmission Synaptic Transmission Can Be Rapid and Point-to-point, or Slow and Often Diffuse Synaptic Strength Can Be Facilitated or Depressed Most Neurotransmitters Are Small Amine Molecules, Amino Acids, or Neuropeptides Gap Junctions Mediate Direct Current Flow From One Neuron to Another Review Questions 9 Sensory Receptors and the Peripheral Nervous System Receptors Encode the Nature, Location, Intensity, and Duration of Stimuli Somatosensory Receptors Detect Mechanical, Chemical, or Thermal Changes Peripheral Nerves Convey Information to and From the Central Nervous System Review Questions 10 Spinal Cord The Spinal Cord Is Segmented All Levels of the Spinal Cord Have a Similar Cross-sectional Structure The Spinal Cord Is Involved in Sensory Processing, Motor Outflow, and Reflexes Spinal Gray Matter Is Regionally Specialized Reflex Circuitry Is Built Into the Spinal Cord Ascending and Descending Pathways Have Defined Locations in the Spinal White Matter The Autonomic Nervous System Monitors and Controls Visceral Activity A Longitudinal Network of Arteries Supplies the Spinal Cord Spinal Cord Damage Causes Predictable Deficits Review Questions 11 Organization of the Brainstem The Brainstem Has Conduit, Cranial Nerve, and Integrative Functions The Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain Have Characteristic Gross Anatomical Features The Internal Structure of the Brainstem Reflects Surface Features and the Position of Long Tracts The Reticular Core of the Brainstem Is Involved in Multiple Functions Some Brainstem Nuclei Have Distinctive Neurochemical Signatures The Brainstem Is Supplied by the Vertebral-Basilar System Review Questions 12 Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei Cranial Nerve Nuclei Have a Generally Predictable Arrangement Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI, XI, and XII Contain Somatic Motor Fibers Branchiomeric Nerves Contain Axons From Multiple Categories Review Questions 13 The Chemical Senses of Taste and Smell The Perception of Flavor Involves Gustatory, Olfactory, Trigeminal, and Other Inputs Taste Is Mediated By Receptors in Taste Buds Innervated by Cranial Nerves VII, IX, and X Olfaction Is Mediated by Receptors That Project Directly to the Telencephalon Review Questions 14 Hearing and Balance: The Eighth Cranial Nerve Auditory and Vestibular Receptor Cells Are Located in the Walls of the Membranous Labyrinth The Cochlear Division of the Eighth Nerve Conveys Information About Sound The Vestibular Division of the Eighth Nerve Conveys Information About Linear and Angular Acceleration of the Head Position Sense Is Mediated by the Vestibular, Proprioceptive, and Visual Systems Acting Together Review Questions 15 Atlas of the Human Brainstem 16 The Thalamus and Internal Capsule: Getting to and From the Cerebral Cortex The Diencephalon Includes the Epithalamus, Subthalamus, Hypothalamus, and Thalamus The Thalamus Is the Gateway to the Cerebral Cortex Interconnections Between the Cerebral Cortex and Subcortical Structures Travel Through the Internal Capsule Review Questions 17 The Visual System The Eye Has Three Concentric Tissue Layers and a Lens The Retina Contains Five Major Neuronal Cell Types Retinal Neurons Translate Patterns of Light Into Patterns of Contrast Half of the Visual Field of Each Eye Is Mapped Systematically in the Contralateral Cerebral Hemisphere Primary Visual Cortex Sorts Visual Information and Distributes It to Other Cortical Areas Early Experience Has Permanent Effects on the Visual System Reflex Circuits Adjust the Size of the Pupil and the Focal Length of the Lens 18 Overview of Motor Systems Each Lower Motor Neuron Innervates a Group of Muscle Fibers, Forming a Motor Unit Motor Control Systems Involve Both Hierarchical and Parallel Connections The Corticospinal Tract Has Multiple Origins and Terminations Review Questions 19 Basal Nuclei The Basal Nuclei Include Five Major Groups of Cells Basal Nuclei Circuitry Involves Multiple Parallel Loops That Modulate Cortical Output Interconnections of the Basal Nuclei Determine the Pattern of Their Outputs Perforating Branches From the Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis) Supply the Basal Nuclei Many Basal Nuclei Disorders Result in Abnormalities of Movement Review Questions 20 Cerebellum The Cerebellum Can Be Divided Into Both Transverse and Longitudinal Zones Cerebellar Cortex Receives Multiple Inputs Each Longitudinal Zone Has a Distinctive Output Clinical Syndromes Correspond to Functional Zones Review Questions 21 Eye Movements Six Extraocular Muscles Move the Eye in the Orbit Fast and Slow Conjugate Eye Movements Changes in Object Distance Require Vergence Movements The Basal Nuclei and Cerebellum Participate in Eye Movement Control 22 Cerebral Cortex Most Cerebral Cortex is Neocortex Neocortical Areas are Specialized for Different Functions The Corpus Callosum Unites the Two Cerebral Hemispheres Consciousness and Sleep are Active Processes Review Questions 23 Drives and Emotions: The Hypothalamus and Limbic System The Hypothalamus Coordinates Drive-Related Behaviors Limbic Structures Are Interposed Between the Hypothalamus and Neocortex Review Questions 24 Formation, Modification, and Repair of Neuronal Connections Both Neurons and Connections Are Produced in Excess During Development Synaptic Connections Are Adjusted Throughout Life Peripheral Nervous System Repair Is More Effective Than Central Nervous System Repair Review Questions 25 Atlas of the Human Forebrain Answers to the Review Questions Glossary
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