Vitreoretinal Disorders in Primary Care

 

Description:

 

Emergency ophthalmology is an area full of pitfalls for the unwary primary care practitioner. Vitreoretinal disorders make up the majority of emergency sight-threatening conditions, and a wide and increasingly varied range of conditions of the eye present in primary care settings. Correct diagnosis at initial presentation, and appropriate and speedy referral, are extremely important. This book is therefore an essential reference for the primary care physician, who is often the first to see these patients and is in a position of responsibility for decision-making.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Chapter 1 Anatomy and examination of the eye

Embryology of the eye

Anatomy

Vitreous

Anatomical Attachments of the Vitreous to the Surrounding Structures

Retina

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Photoreceptor Layer

Cones

Ganglion Cells

Nerve Fibre Layer

Inner Limiting Membrane

Retinal Blood Vessels

Bruch’s Membrane

Choroid

Investigation

Visual Acuity

Slit Lamp

Optical Coherence Tomography

Inner Segment and Outer Segment Junction (Ellipsoid Layer)

Central Retinal Thickness

Subjective Tests

References

Chapter 2 Posterior vitreous detachment

Introduction

Symptoms

Floaters

Flashes

Signs

Detection of PVD

Shafer’s Sign

Vitreous Haemorrhage

Ophthalmoscopy

Retinal tears

U tears

Atrophic Round Holes

Other Breaks

Progression to Retinal Detachment

Peripheral retinal degenerations

Referral

Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Medicolegal Case

Missing the Symptoms of Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Error

Errors

References

Chapter 3 Vitreous haemorrhage

Introduction

Aetiology

Causes4–10

Natural History

Erythroclastic Glaucoma

Investigation

Ultrasound

Ultrasound Features

Referral

Vitreous Haemorrhage Non-Diabetic

Medicolegal Case

References

Chapter 4 Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Introduction

Tears with Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Breaks Without Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Natural History

Chronic RRD

Clinical Features

Anterior Segment Signs

Signs in the Vitreous

Subretinal Fluid Accumulation

Retinal Break Patterns in RRD

Macula Off or On

Flat Retinal Breaks

Retinopexy

Cryotherapy

Laser

Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

Principles of Surgery

Pars Plana Vitrectomy

Posturing

Non-Drain Procedure

Pneumatic Retinopexy

Success Rates

Causes of Failure

Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Introduction

Pathogenesis

Clinical Features

Introduction

Grading

Risk of PVR

Surgery

Relieving Retinectomy

Success Rates

Surgery for Redetachment

Secondary Macular Holes

Detachment with Choroidal Effusions

Medicolegal Cases

Case 1

Errors

Case 2

Errors

Case 3

Errors

References

Chapter 5 Different presentations of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

Age-related RRD from PVD

Atrophic hole RRD with attached vitreous

Pseudophakic RRD

Aphakic RRD

Retinal dialysis

Clinical features

Giant retinal dialysis

Par ciliaris tear

Giant retinal tear

Clinical features

Stickler’s syndrome

Other eye

Retinal detachment in high myopes

Clinical features

Retinoschisis-related retinal detachment

Clinical features

Infantile retinoschisis

Senile retinoschisis

Differentiation of retinoschisis from chronic RRD

Retinal detachment in retinoschisis

Juvenile retinal detachment

Atopic dermatitis

Refractive surgery

Congenital cataract

Others

References

Chapter 6 Macular disorders

Introduction

Idiopathic macular hole

Clinical features

Introduction

Watzke–Allen test

Grading

Natural history

Optical coherence tomography

Secondary macular holes

Lamellar and partial thickness holes

Pars plana vitrectomy

Microplasmin

Referral

Macular pucker and vitreomacular traction

Clinical features

Other conditions

Secondary Macular Pucker

Success rates of surgery

Specific complications of surgery

Membrane recurrence

Referral

Age-related macular degeneration

Clinical features

Simplified AREDS scoring system

Vitreous haemorrhage and choroidal neovascular membranes

Referral

Pneumatic displacement of subretinal haemorrhage

Referral

Choroidal neovascular membrane not from AMD

Introduction

References

Chapter 7 Diabetic retinopathy

Introduction

Diabetic retinopathy

Introduction

Diabetic retinopathy grading

Diabetic vitreous haemorrhage

Clinical features

Diabetic retinal detachment

Clinical features

Success rates

Diabetic maculopathy

Retinal vein occlusion

Sickle cell disease

Introduction

Types of sickle cell disease

Systemic investigation

Inheritance and race

Systemic manifestations

Ophthalmic presentation

Visual outcome

Screening

Survival

Retinal vasculitis

Central retinal artery occlusion

Medicolegal case

References

Chapter 8 Trauma

Introduction

Classification

Contusion injuries

Clinical presentation

Types of retinal break

Dialysis

Par ciliaris tears

Ragged tear in commotio retinae

Giant retinal tears

Visual outcome

Rupture

Clinical presentation

Visual outcome

Penetrating injury

Clinical presentation

Endophthalmitis

Retinal detachment

Visual outcome

Trauma scores

Intraocular foreign bodies

Clinical presentation

Diagnostic imaging

IOFB materials

Visual outcome

Perforating injury

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Phthisis bulbi

Referral

Medicolegal case

Case 1

Case 2

References

Chapter 9 Complications of anterior segment surgery

Introduction

Dropped nucleus

Clinical features

Success rates

Intraocular lens dislocations

Clinical presentation

Post-operative endophthalmitis

Clinical features

Infective organisms

Antibiotics

Success rates

Chronic post-operative endophthalmitis

Needle-stick injury

Clinical features

Intraocular haemorrhage

Retinal detachment

Chronic uveitis

Post-operative vitreomacular traction

Post-operative choroidal effusion

Medicolegal case

References

Chapter 10 Uveitis and allied disorders

Non-infectious uveitis of the posterior segment

Referral for Vitrectomy

Vitreous Opacification

Retinal Detachment

Cystoid Macular Oedema

Hypotony

Infectious Uveitis

Acute Retinal Necrosis

Clinical Features

Cytomegalovirus retinitis

Clinical Features

Fungal endophthalmitis

Clinical Features

Other infections

Ocular Lymphoma

Clinical Features

Visual Outcome and Survival

Paraneoplastic Retinopathy

References

Chapter 11 Miscellaneous conditions

Vitrectomy for Vitreous Opacities

Vitreous Anomalies

Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

Asteroid Hyalosis

Amyloidosis

Retinal Haemangioma and Telangiectasia

Optic Disc Anomalies

Optic Disc Pits and Optic Disc Coloboma

Morning Glory Syndrome

Retinochoroidal Coloboma

Marfan’s Syndrome

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Uveal Effusion Syndrome

Clinical Features

Terson’s Syndrome

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Retinal Prosthesis

References

Index

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An aparitie	23 Oct. 2017
Autor	Thomas H. Williamson
Dimensiuni	19.05 x 1.27 x 24.77 cm
Editura	CRC Press
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781138628113
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	242