Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System

Features:

• Provides concise and practical information on the autonomic nervous system
• Discusses all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology
• Contains new content on psychopharmacology and modulating nerve function

Table Of Contents:

I. Introduction
1. Evolution of the Cardiovascular Autonomic Nervous System in Vertebrates
2. Central Autonomic Control
3. Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System

II. Biochemical and Pharmacological Mechanisms
4. Noradrenergic Neurotransmission
5. Antidepressant-Sensitive Norepinephrine Transporters: Structure and Regulation
6. a1-Adrenergic Receptors
7. Alpha2-Adrenergic Receptors
8. b-Adrenergic Receptors
9. Dopaminergic Neurotransmission
10. Dopamine Receptors
11. Cholinergic Neurotransmission
12. Acetylcholine and Muscarinic Receptors
13. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Autonomic Nervous System
14. Neuropeptide Y and the autonomic nervous system
15. Serotonin Receptors
16. Purinergic Neurotransmission and Nucleotide Receptors
17. Nitric Oxide and The Autonomic Nervous System
18. Glutamatergic Neurotransmission
19. Pharmacology: GABAergic Neurotransmission
20. Renin-Angiotensin
21. Aldosterone, the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Sympathetic Nervous System
22. Vasopressin in central autonomic regulation
23. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Adrenomedullin
24. Leptin Signaling and Energy Homeostasis
25. The Endothelin System
26. Pharmacology of the neurotransmission of the baro- and chemoreflex in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius

III. Autonomic Physiology
27. Rhythms in Sympathetic Nerve Activity
28. Circadian Rhythms and Autonomic Function
29. Cardiorespiratory interactions in health and disease
30. Baroreceptor reflexes
31. Cardiac and Other Visceral Afferents
32. Sympathetic control of the Heart
33. Cardiac Vagal Ganglia
34. Physiology of Upright Posture
35. Cerebral Circulation
36. Autonomic Control of the Pupil
37. Gastrointestinal Function
38. Extrinsic Control of Gastrointestinal Function
39. The Splanchnic Circulation
40. Autonomic Control of the Kidney
41. Autonomic Control of the Lower Urinary Tract
42. Bladder Function in Health and Disease
43. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Female Sexual Function
44. Sweating
45.  Autonomic Innervation of the Skeleton
46. Regulation of Metabolism by the Autonomic Nervous System
47. Sex Differences in Autonomic Function
48. Autonomic Control During Pregnancy
49. Ageing and the autonomic nervous system
50. Autonomic Function in Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
51. Telemetric autonomic monitoring

IV. Autonomic Response to Environmental Challenges
52. Exercise
53. Psychological Stress and Autonomic Nervous System
54. Hypoglycemia
55. Autonomic Response to Hypovolemic Shock
56. Physiology of thermoregulation: central & peripheral mechanisms
57. Effects of High Altitude
58. Space Physiology
59. Noise, air pollution, and the autonomic nervous system

V. Pathophysiological Mechanisms
60. The autonomic inflammatory reflex
61. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress
62. Endothelial Dysfunction
63. Insulin Resistance and the autonomic nervous System
64. Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure
65. Airway Afferent Nerves

VI. Evaluation of Autonomic Function
66. Clinical Evaluation of Autonomic Disorders
67. Autonomic Function Testing
68. Tilt Table Testing
69. Patient Symptom and Rating Scales: OHQ, COMPASS, UMSARS
70. Sympathetic Microneurography and clinical applications
71. Assessment of the Autonomic Control of the Cardiovascular System by a Frequency Domain Approach
72. Assessment of Sudomotor Function
73. Plasma Catechols
74. Imaging cortical and subcortical sites involved in cardiovascular control
75. Clinical sympathetic Imaging
76. Cutaneous Autonomic Innervation: Assessment by Skin Biopsy
77. Sympatho-effector transduction

VII. Cardiovascular Disorders
78. Neurally (Autonomically) Mediated Syncope
79. Orthostatic Hypotension
80. Spectrum of orthostatic hypotension
81. Baroreflex Failure
82. Essential Hypertension
83. Obesity-Associated hypertension
84. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
85. Autonomic Dysfunction in Heart Failure
86. Myocardial stunning and Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
87. The Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiac Arrhythmias

VIII. Congenital Autonomic Disorders
88. Deficiencies of Tetrahydrobiopterin, Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase
89. Congenital disorders of noradrenergic neurotransmission
90. Monoamine Oxidase Deficiency
91. Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) and PHOX2B Pathogenic Variants
92. Hereditary Autonomic Neuropathies
93. Familial Dysautonomia (Riley-Day Syndrome)

IX. Autonomic Synucleinopathies
94. a-Synuclein and Neurodegeneration
95. Multiple System Atrophy
96. Parkinson’s Disease
97. Dementia with Lewy Bodies
98. Pure Autonomic Failure

X. Peripheral Autonomic Disorders
99. Small Fiber Neuropathy
100. Diabetic Autonomic Dysfunction
101. Amyloidosis and Autonomic Failure
102. Autoimmune Autonomic Syndromes
103. Paraneoplastic Autonomic Dysfunction
104. Autonomic Disturbances Following Spinal Cord Injury
105. Drug-Induced Autonomic Dysfunction

XI. Autonomic Syndromes
106. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Pathophysiological Mechanisms
107. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
108. Joint Hypermobility and Dysautonomia
109. Mast Cell Activation and Autonomic Disorders
110. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and the Autonomic Nervous System

XII. Special Clinical Conditions
111. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
112. Migraine and the Autonomic Nervous System
113. Autonomic Regulation in Epilepsy
114. Autonomic complications of acute brain injury and stroke
115. Sleep Apnea
116. Panic Disorder
117. Disorders of Sweating
118. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
119. Abdominal Pain and Cyclic Vomiting
120. Male Erectile Dysfunction

XIII. Management of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
121. Management of Orthostatic Hypotension - Introduction
122. Physical Measures
123. Dietary Sodium and Fludrocortisone
124. Water and the Osmopressor Response
125. Midodrine
126. Droxidopa
127. Pyridostigmine in Autonomic Disorders
128. Norepinephrine Transporter Inhibitors in Autonomic Disorders
129. Acarbose and octreotide for the treatment of postprandial hypotension
130. Management of Supine Hypertension of Autonomic Failure
131. Anesthetic considerations in patients with autonomic dysfunction
132. Chronic constitutional hypotension

XIV. Autonomic Neuromodulation as a Treatment Strategy
133. Renal Denervation as Therapeutic Intervention
134. Baroreflex amplification by carotid sinus stimulation
135. Targeting Carotid Body Chemoreceptors as a therapeutic intervention
136. Bionic Baroreflex
137. Therapeutic targeting of splanchnic nerves

XV. Novel Approaches in Autonomic Neuroscience
138. Modeling the Autonomic Nervous System
139. Optogenetics: Application to central autonomic regulatory pathways.
140. Mapping the Autonomic Nervous System: The SPARC project
141. Autonomic Nervous System-Gut-Microbiome Axis in Chronic Diseases
142. Novel Fluid Biomarkers in Synucleinopathies
143. Novel Disease-Modifying Treatments for Synucleinopathies