Mills and Sternberg’s Diagnostic Surgical Pathology

 

Description:

Comprehensive and practical, Mills and Sternberg’s Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 7th Edition, presents advanced diagnostic techniques for differential diagnosis of the surgical specimen and the latest information on all currently known diseases. Led by Drs.  Teri A. Longacre, Joel K. Greenson, Jason, L. Hornick, and Victor E. Reuter, a virtual “who’s who” of experts in the field provide authoritative guidance on the diagnostic evaluation of every type of specimen from every anatomic site. Visually stunning and thoroughly up to date, this classic two-volume reference is a must-have resource no matter what your level of training or expertise. 

 

Table of Contents:

 

VOLUME 1

SECTION I: Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone, and Joints

1 Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Skin

INTRODUCTION

SPECIMEN PREPARATION

NORMAL HISTOLOGY

INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASE

PATTERNS OF EPIDERMAL INFLAMMATION

PATTERNS OF DERMAL INFLAMMATION

2 Nonmelanocytic Cutaneous Tumors

EPIDERMAL TUMORS

BENIGN EPIDERMAL TUMORS

EPITHELIAL CYSTS

BENIGN ADNEXAL (APPENDAGEAL) TUMORS

ADNEXAL CARCINOMAS

PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT EPIDERMAL TUMORS

TUMORS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE NEVI

THE ANGIOFIBROMA FAMILY, INCLUDING FIBROUS PAPULE OF THE FACE, PEARLY PENILE PAPULE, ADENOMA SEBACEUM, AND ACQUIRED DIGITAL FIBROKERATOMA

DERMATOFIBROMA

FIBROMATOSIS

DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS

ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA

NEURAL TUMORS

NEUROFIBROMA

SCHWANNOMA (NEURILEMMOMA)

NEUROMAS

NEUROTHEKEOMA

MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA (NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN)

VASCULAR TUMORS

LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA

GLOMUS TUMOR

MICROVENULAR HEMANGIOMA

GLOMERULOID HEMANGIOMA

ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA

INTRAVASCULAR PAPILLARY ENDOTHELIAL HYPERPLASIA

BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS

LYMPHANGIOMAS

KAPOSI SARCOMA

EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

PSEUDOMYOGENIC HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

ANGIOSARCOMA

HISTIOCYTIC (MACROPHAGIC) TUMORS

JUVENILE AND ADULT XANTHOGRANULOMA

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

MAST CELL INFILTRATES

MASTOCYTOSIS

LYMPHOMA AND LEUKEMIA

LYMPHOCYTOMA CUTIS/CUTANEOUS LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA

SELECTED B-CELL LYMPHOMAS

SELECTED T-CELL LYMPHOMAS

LEUKEMIA CUTIS

3 Melanocytic Lesions

BENIGN MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS

HISTOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS

LENTIGO SIMPLEX

SOLAR LENTIGO

ACQUIRED MELANOCYTIC NEVUS

CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NEVUS

BALLOON CELL NEVUS

NEVI OF SPECIAL SITES

COMBINED NEVUS

DEEP PENETRATING NEVUS

NODAL MELANOCYTIC NEVI

PERSISTENT/RECURRENT MELANOCYTIC NEVUS

REGRESSING MELANOCYTIC NEVUS

SPITZ NEVUS AND VARIANTS

SPITZ NEVUS

PIGMENTED SPINDLE CELL NEVUS (PIGMENTED SPINDLE CELL NEVUS OF REED)

DESMOPLASTIC SPITZ NEVUS

ANGIOMATOID SPITZ NEVUS

ATYPICAL SPITZ TUMORS AND SPITZ MELANOMA

BAP1-INACTIVATED MELANOCYTIC NEOPLASMS

DERMAL MELANOCYTOSES

MONGOLIAN SPOT

NEVUS OF OTA AND NEVUS OF ITO

COMMON BLUE NEVUS

CELLULAR BLUE NEVUS

EPITHELIOID BLUE NEVUS (BLUE NEVUS WITH EPITHELIOID CELLS)

ATYPICAL BLUE NEVUS

PIGMENTED EPITHELIOID MELANOCYTOMA

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF BLUE NEVI AND DERMAL MELANOCYTOSES

DYSPLASTIC NEVUS

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

BACKGROUND AND HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS

USEFUL IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE EVALUATION OF MELANOMA

MALIGNANT MELANOMA: GROWTH PHASE

MALIGNANT MELANOMA: SUBTYPES

LOW CUMULATIVE SOLAR DAMAGE MELANOMA/SUPERFICIAL SPREADING MELANOMA

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN MALIGNANT MELANOMA

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA

PRAME IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOMA

MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MELANOMA

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

4 Muscle Biopsy in Neuromuscular Diseases

INTRODUCTION

CLINICAL INFORMATION

COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF THE MUSCLE BIOPSY SPECIMEN

INTERPRETATION OF THE MUSCLE BIOPSY SPECIMEN

NORMAL MUSCLE

ARTIFACTS

GENERAL PATHOLOGIC REACTIONS OF MUSCLE

NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES

AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLAR MYOPATHIES

CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES

INFLAMMATORY AND IMMUNE-MEDIATED MYOPATHIES

METABOLIC DISEASES

NEUROPATHIC DISEASES

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES

MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN LOSS MYOPATHY (CRITICAL ILLNESS MYOPATHY)

AGING

MUSCLE HERNIAS

MUSCLE HEMORRHAGE

PITFALLS

PERIPHERAL NERVE PATHOLOGY

5 Soft Tissues

PHILOSOPHIC APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF SOFT TISSUE TUMORS—AN OVERVIEW

RECOGNITION OF PSEUDOSARCOMAS

RECOGNITION OF OTHER TUMORS MIMICKING SARCOMAS

SPINDLE CELL (SARCOMATOID) CARCINOMA

SPINDLE CELL MELANOMA

RECOGNITION OF FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES

IMPORTANCE OF LINE OF DIFFERENTIATION

ORIGIN AND ETIOLOGY OF SARCOMAS

SCOPE OF DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES

OVERVIEW

UNCLASSIFIED SARCOMAS

TISSUE SECTIONS

COMMENT ON MARGINS

EVALUATION OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FINAL PATHOLOGY REPORT

CONSULTATION

LIMITATIONS OF PROCEDURES

FROZEN SECTION

ASPIRATION BIOPSY CYTOLOGY

NEEDLE AND INCISIONAL BIOPSY

EXCISIONAL BIOPSY

CURRENT SARCOMA THERAPY

METHODS OF DETERMINING LINE OF DIFFERENTIATION

CYTOGENETICS IN SARCOMAS

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF SOFT TISSUE TUMORS

OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

EVALUATION OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS

GRADE

STAGING SYSTEM

FUTURE PROGNOSTICATION

SOFT TISSUE LESIONS: LESIONS MIMICKING SARCOMAS (PSEUDOSARCOMAS)

NODULAR FASCIITIS

PROLIFERATIVE FASCIITIS

PROLIFERATIVE MYOSITIS

PSEUDOSARCOMATOUS MYOFIBROBLASTIC PROLIFERATIONS

SPINDLE CELL LIPOMA

PLEOMORPHIC LIPOMA

ATYPICAL SPINDLE CELL LIPOMATOUS TUMOR

SUPERFICIAL CD34-POSITIVE FIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

LIPOBLASTOMA

CELLULAR ANGIOLIPOMA

BIZARRE (SYMPLASTIC) LEIOMYOMA

FETAL AND GENITAL RHABDOMYOMA

PAPILLARY ENDOTHELIAL HYPERPLASIA

ATYPICAL (PSEUDOSARCOMATOUS) FIBROEPITHELIAL STROMAL POLYPS

GIANT CELL FIBROBLASTOMA

INTRAMUSCULAR/CELLULAR MYXOMA

MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS

FIBROUS LESIONS

TUMEFACTIVE FIBROINFLAMMATORY LESIONS

RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

KELOID

FIBROMAS

DESMOPLASTIC FIBROBLASTOMA

NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA, CELLULAR ANGIOFIBROMA, AND SOFT TISSUE ANGIOFIBROMA

ELASTOFIBROMA

FIBROUS PROLIFERATIONS OF CHILDHOOD

ANGIOMYXOID LESIONS

ANGIOMYOFIBROBLASTOMA

SUPERFICIAL ANGIOMYXOMA

DEEP (“AGGRESSIVE”) ANGIOMYXOMA

FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC NEOPLASMS OF INTERMEDIATE BIOLOGIC POTENTIAL

INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

FIBROMATOSIS

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

MYOFIBROBLASTOMAS

PALISADED MYOFIBROBLASTOMA

MAMMARY-TYPE MYOFIBROBLASTOMA

OSSIFYING FIBROMYXOID TUMOR

FIBROSARCOMAS

LOW-GRADE MYOFIBROBLASTIC SARCOMA

MYXOINFLAMMATORY FIBROBLASTIC SARCOMA

MYXOFIBROSARCOMA

FIBROSARCOMA

LOW-GRADE FIBROMYXOID SARCOMA

SCLEROSING EPITHELIOID FIBROSARCOMA

FIBROHISTIOCYTIC LESIONS

BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA (DERMATOFIBROMA)

ATYPICAL FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA

PLEXIFORM FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMOR

DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS

GIANT CELL FIBROBLASTOMA

UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA

GIANT CELL TUMORS INCLUDING UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA WITH GIANT CELLS

ANGIOMATOID FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA

LESIONS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

LIPOMA VARIANTS

CHONDROID LIPOMA

LIPOSARCOMAS

ATYPICAL LIPOMATOUS TUMOR

MYXOID LIPOSARCOMA

PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA

MYXOID PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA

SMOOTH MUSCLE LESIONS

LEIOMYOMA

LEIOMYOSARCOMA

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS–ASSOCIATED SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS

LESIONS OF STRIATED MUSCLE

ADULT RHABDOMYOMA

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

VASCULAR LESIONS

LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA (PYOGENIC GRANULOMA)

HEMANGIOMAS

ANGIOMATOSIS

BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS

VASCULAR TRANSFORMATION OF SINUSES

INTERMEDIATE ENDOTHELIAL TUMORS

KAPOSIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

RETIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA AND COMPOSITE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

PSEUDOMYOGENIC HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

MALIGNANT ENDOTHELIAL TUMORS

EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

ANGIOSARCOMA

KAPOSI SARCOMA

PERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS

GLOMUS TUMOR

LYMPHANGIOMYOMA OR LYMPHANGIOMYOMATOSIS

MYOPERICYTOMA

LESIONS OF PUTATIVE SYNOVIAL ORIGIN

TENOSYNOVIAL GIANT CELL TUMOR

MALIGNANT TENOSYNOVIAL GIANT CELL TUMOR

PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS

SCHWANNOMA

CELLULAR SCHWANNOMA

GRANULAR CELL TUMOR

NEUROFIBROMA

SOFT TISSUE PERINEURIOMA

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR

DIVERGENT DIFFERENTIATION

MALIGNANT MELANOTIC NERVE SHEATH TUMOR

OSTEOCARTILAGINOUS LESIONS

EXTRASKELETAL CHONDROMAS AND OSTEOMAS

EXTRASKELETAL CHONDROSARCOMAS

MYOEPITHELIOMA AND MIXED TUMORS

EXTRAOSSEOUS OSTEOSARCOMA

UNUSUAL LESIONS

SYNOVIAL SARCOMA

ALVEOLAR SOFT PART SARCOMA

MALIGNANT GRANULAR CELL TUMOR

MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMORS

EPITHELIOID SARCOMA

CLEAR CELL SARCOMA

EXTRASKELETAL EWING SARCOMA

DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND CELL TUMOR

OTHER ROUND CELL SARCOMAS

PERIVASCULAR EPITHELIOID CELL TUMORS

POSTRADIATION SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

6 Joints

ARTHRITIS

GENERAL FEATURES OF THE ARTHRITIC JOINT

OSTEOARTHRITIS

ARTHRITIS SECONDARY TO SUBCHONDRAL INSUFFICIENCY FRACTURE

OSTEONECROSIS

INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

GOUT

CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE CRYSTAL DEPOSITION DISEASE

HYDROXYAPATITE DEPOSITION AND RELATED CONDITIONS

SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

TUBERCULOSIS

SARCOIDOSIS

TISSUE RESPONSE TO ARTIFICIAL JOINT IMPLANTS

SEPSIS IN REVISION ARTHROPLASTY

PATHOLOGY OF THE JOINT-SUPPORTING TISSUES

TENDINOSIS/TENDINITIS/TENDINOPATHY

PARATENONITIS/TENOSYNOVITIS/BURSITIS

ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS (FROZEN SHOULDER)

HOFFA DISEASE

SYNOVIAL LIPOMATOSIS (LIPOMA ARBORESCENS)

TENOSYNOVIAL GIANT CELL TUMOR (PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS)

PRIMARY SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

MENISCAL TEARS

DISC HERNIATION

GANGLION

BURSITIS

MORTON NEUROMA (INTERDIGITAL NEUROMA)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

7 Nonneoplastic Diseases of Bones

INTRODUCTION

TISSUE STRUCTURE

METHODS OF EXAMINATION

METABOLIC DISEASES

ABNORMAL FORMATION OF THE ORGANIC MATRIX

ABNORMAL MINERALIZATION

ABNORMAL RESORPTION

POSTTRAUMATIC LESIONS

FRACTURE OF THE BONE

BONE INFARCTION

MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS CIRCUMSCRIPTA

FIBRO-OSSEOUS PSEUDOTUMOR OF DIGITS (REACTIVE PERIOSTITIS)

BONE INFECTION

HEMATOGENOUS OSTEOMYELITIS

OSTEOMYELITIS RESULTING FROM THE DIRECT INOCULATION OF BACTERIA

CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS

CHRONIC NONBACTERIAL OSTEITIS/CHRONIC MULTIFOCAL OSTEOMYELITIS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

8 Bone Tumors

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION OF BONE TUMORS

METHODS OF BIOPSY

SPECIMEN HANDLING

GRADING OF BONE SARCOMAS

STAGING OF BONE SARCOMAS

CHONDROGENIC TUMORS

OSTEOGENIC TUMORS

FIBROGENIC TUMORS

OSTEOCLASTIC GIANT CELL CONTAINING TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS OF BONE

NOTOCHORDAL TUMORS

VASCULAR TUMORS OF BONE

UNDIFFERENTIATED ROUND CELL SARCOMAS

OTHER MESENCHYMAL TUMORS OF BONE

HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS

CONDITIONS SIMULATING NEOPLASMS OF BONE

METASTATIC CARCINOMA

INTRAOSSEOUS EPIDERMOID CYST

INTRAOSSEOUS GANGLION CYST

FRACTURE CALLUS

FLORID REACTIVE PERIOSTITIS

OSTEOMYELITIS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

SECTION II: Breast

9 Breast

BREAST SPECIMENS AND THEIR GROSS EVALUATION

BREAST CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY

BREAST SURGICAL SPECIMENS

AXILLARY LYMPH NODE SPECIMENS AND INTRAOPERATIVE EVALUATION

THE NORMAL BREAST

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE HISTOPATHOLOGIC INTERPRETATION OF LESIONS OF BREAST TISSUE

NONATYPICAL EPITHELIAL CHANGES

CYSTS

COLUMNAR CELL CHANGE AND COLUMNAR CELL HYPERPLASIA

APOCRINE METAPLASIA

SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA

PSEUDOLACTATIONAL CHANGE AND CYSTIC HYPERSECRETORY CHANGES

COLLAGENOUS SPHERULOSIS

USUAL DUCTAL HYPERPLASIA

ADENOSIS

RADIAL SCAR AND COMPLEX SCLEROSING LESION

ATYPICAL EPITHELIAL CHANGES

FLAT EPITHELIAL ATYPIA

ATYPICAL DUCTAL HYPERPLASIA

ATYPICAL LOBULAR HYPERPLASIA

RADIATION-RELATED ATYPIA

MICROGLANDULAR ADENOSIS

IN SITU CARCINOMA

DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU

LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN SITU

PAPILLARY LESIONS

INTRADUCTAL PAPILLOMAS

PAPILLOMAS WITH ATYPICAL DUCTAL HYPERPLASIA/DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU

MALIGNANT PAPILLARY LESIONS

INVASIVE CARCINOMA

MORPHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR/BIOMARKER-DEFINED SUBTYPES

TNM STAGING AND PROGNOSTIC STAGE GROUPS

GRADING INVASIVE CANCERS

LOCAL RECURRENCE RISK FACTORS (ANGIOLYMPHATIC SPACE INVASION, EXTENSIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU, MARGINS)

POSTNEOADJUVANT RESPONSE

TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES

PREDICTIVE FACTORS

INFILTRATING DUCTAL CARCINOMA (INVASIVE CARCINOMA, NO SPECIAL TYPE)

SPECIAL HISTOLOGIC TYPES OF INVASIVE CARCINOMA

MICROINVASIVE CARCINOMA

INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA

TUBULAR CARCINOMA

INVASIVE CRIBRIFORM CARCINOMA

MUCINOUS CARCINOMA

INVASIVE MICROPAPILLARY CARCINOMA

CARCINOMA WITH APOCRINE DIFFERENTIATION

METAPLASTIC CARCINOMA

NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

SALIVARY GLAND–LIKE CARCINOMAS

RARE PAPILLARY TUMORS

SPECIAL CLINICAL SCENARIOS

INFLAMMATORY CARCINOMA

AXILLARY PRESENTATIONS

METASTASIS TO THE BREAST

MALE BREAST

NIPPLE LESIONS

NIPPLE ADENOMA

SYRINGOMATOUS TUMOR

PAGET DISEASE

FIBROEPITHELIAL LESIONS

FIBROADENOMA

PHYLLODES TUMOR

HAMARTOMA

STROMAL/MESENCHYMAL AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES

PSEUDOANGIOMATOUS STROMAL HYPERPLASIA

FIBROMATOSIS

MYOFIBROBLASTOMA

ADENOMYOEPITHELIOMA

LYMPHOCYTIC (DIABETIC) MASTOPATHY

POSTSURGICAL CHANGES/TRAUMA

GRANULOMATOUS MASTITIS

VASCULAR LESIONS

PERIPHERAL NERVE, SMOOTH MUSCLE, AND ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS

HEMATOLYMPHOID TUMORS

BREAST IMPLANT–ASSOCIATED ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA

GENETIC TUMOR SYNDROMES OF THE BREAST

BRCA1/2

PALB2

TP53 AND CHEK2 (LI-FRAUMENI SYNDROME)

CDH1

SECTION III: Central Nervous System

10 Brain, Spinal Cord, and Meninges

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS CHAPTER

ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS EMPLOYING TABLES AND TEXT

CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE OF LESIONS

INTRAOPERATIVE CONSULTATION

SUMMARY POINTS ABOUT INTRAOPERATIVE CONSULTATION

CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL SPECIMENS

BIOPSY

STEREOTACTIC NEEDLE BIOPSY

BIOPSY AFTER THERAPY

THERAPEUTIC RESECTION

MACROSCOPIC SPECIMEN INTERPRETATION AND PROCESSING

MARGINS

TISSUE PROCESSING

HIGH-RISK INFECTIOUS DISEASE CASE CONSIDERATIONS

HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

REACTIVE CHANGES

GLIOSIS

MACROPHAGES, MICROGLIAL CELLS

GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION

PERIVASCULAR INFLAMMATION

MENINGEAL FIBROSIS

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

MICROBIAL CULTURE

SPECIAL STAINS

MENINGITIS, CEREBRITIS (FOCAL ENCEPHALITIS), MYELITIS

ENCEPHALITIS

MYELITIS AND TRANSVERSE MYELITIS

ABSCESS

MYCOBACTERIA, SPIROCHETES, AND WHIPPLE DISEASE

FUNGI

PARASITES

VIRUSES

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

PRION DISEASES

INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION

SMALL VESSEL DISEASE AND VASCULITIS

DEMYELINATION

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

INFARCT

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE

VASCULAR MALFORMATION

SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS THROMBOSIS

AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY

SMALL VESSEL DISEASES

TUMORS

GRADING MALIGNANT POTENTIAL OF TUMORS

ASSAYS OF PROLIFERATIVE CAPACITY

MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS

DIFFUSE OR INFILTRATING GLIOMAS

EMBRYONAL TUMOR WITH MULTILAYERED ROSETTES, C19MC-ALTERED (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GRADE 4)

NEURONAL AND MIXED GLIONEURONAL TUMORS

PINEAL PARENCHYMAL TUMORS

EMBRYONAL TUMORS

CHOROID PLEXUS EPITHELIAL TUMORS

MENINGEAL AND RELATED TUMORS

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS (SEE ALSO SECTION IV, “ENDOCRINE SYSTEM”)

GERM CELL TUMORS

HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS

MISCELLANEOUS INTRACRANIAL OR SPINAL MASSES

COMMON METASTATIC TUMORS

CYSTS

DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES AND SEIZURE SURGERY

MENINGOCELES, MENINGOMYELOCELES, MENINGOENCEPHALOCELES

NASAL ENCEPHALOCELES, NASAL GLIAL HETEROTOPIAS (“NASAL GLIOMAS”)

CORTICAL MALFORMATIONS

EPILEPSY SURGERY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

SECTION IV: Endocrine System

11 Neuroendocrine and Paracrine Systems

DEFINITION OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM

MEMBERS OF THE NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM

BIOMARKERS OF NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS

CLASSIFICATION OF NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

GENETICS OF NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS IN SPECIFIC LOCATIONS

THERAPEUTIC AND PROGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS

12 Pituitary and Sellar Region

THE NORMAL PITUITARY

ANTERIOR LOBE

POSTERIOR LOBE

NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

THE ROLE OF THE PATHOLOGIST

SPECIMEN HANDLING AND ANALYSIS

CLASSIFICATION OF PITUITARY NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

PITUITARY ADENOMA SUBTYPES AND VARIANTS

LACTOTROPH ADENOMAS

SOMATOTROPH ADENOMAS

THYROTROPH ADENOMA

CORTICOTROPH ADENOMAS

GONADOTROPH ADENOMA

NULL CELL ADENOMA

PLURIHORMONAL AND DOUBLE ADENOMAS

PATHOLOGIC GRADING OF PITUITARY NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

PITUITARY CARCINOMA

PITUITARY BLASTOMA

PITUITARY HYPERPLASIA

NONNEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

PITUICYTOMA

GRANULAR CELL TUMOR OF THE SELLA

SPINDLE CELL ONCOCYTOMA

GANGLIOCYTOMA AND MIXED GANGLIOCYTOMA-PITUITARY ADENOMA

CYSTIC TUMORS AND LESIONS OF THE SELLA

ADAMANTINOMATOUS CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA

PAPILLARY CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA

RATHKE CLEFT CYST

MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

SALIVARY GLAND–LIKE TUMORS OF THE SELLAR REGION

METASTATIC NEOPLASMS

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

LYMPHOCYTIC HYPOPHYSITIS

GRANULOMATOUS HYPOPHYSITIS

XANTHOMATOUS HYPOPHYSITIS

SARCOIDOSIS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

13 Pathology of Thyroid and Parathyroid

THYROID DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES

ANATOMY OF THE THYROID

DIFFUSE THYROID ENLARGEMENTS

THE THYROIDITIDES

AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE

PATHOLOGY OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS CLASSIFICATION

FIBROSING VARIANT OF HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS

PAINLESS/SILENT THYROIDITIS

FOCAL NONSPECIFIC THYROIDITIS

OTHER ENTITIES WITH LYMPHOCYTES IN THE THYROID

FIBROSING THYROID LESIONS

RIEDEL THYROIDITIS

COMBINED RIEDEL DISEASE AND HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS

RADIATION FIBROSIS

AMYLOIDOSIS

FIBROSIS DUE TO COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASE

PIGMENTS IN THE THYROID

NODULAR THYROID ENLARGEMENTS

LESIONS CHARACTERIZED BY A PAPILLARY GROWTH PATTERN

PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID

SUBTYPES OF PAPILLARY CARCINOMA (TABLE 13.4)

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA

LESIONS WITH FOLLICULAR ARCHITECTURE

INBORN ERRORS OF THYROID METABOLISM-GENETIC DISORDERS

NODULAR THYROID DISEASE AND HYPERTHYROIDISM

FOLLICULAR THYROID NODULES

NODULAR GOITER

FOLLICULAR ADENOMA

HYALINIZING TRABECULAR NEOPLASM OF THE THYROID

ATYPICAL FOLLICULAR ADENOMA

FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED FOLLICULAR “TUMORS OF UNDETERMINED MALIGNANT POTENTIAL”

NONINVASIVE FOLLICULAR THYROID NEOPLASMS WITH PAPILLARY-LIKE NUCLEAR FEATURES

HÜRTHLE CELL LESIONS

C-CELL LESIONS

MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA

MIXED FOLLICULAR AND MEDULLARY CARCINOMA

C-CELL HYPERPLASIA

POORLY DIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA

HIGH-GRADE THYROID CARCINOMA

ANAPLASTIC THYROID CARCINOMA

EWING-LIKE THYROID CARCINOMA

THYROID SARCOMA

HEMATOPOIETIC LESIONS OF THYROID

MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

OTHER HEMATOPOIETIC LESIONS IN THE THYROID

UNUSUAL THYROID TUMORS

SQUAMOUS CELL LESIONS

METAPLASTIC SQUAMOUS LESIONS OF THE THYROID

SQUAMOUS CELLS IN THYROID NEOPLASMS

MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA AND SCLEROSING MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA WITH EOSINOPHILIA

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID

METASTATIC SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA IN THE THYROID

CLEAR CELL TUMORS

METASTATIC TUMORS TO THE THYROID

TUMORS WITH THYMIC OR RELATED BRANCHIAL POUCH DIFFERENTIATION

TERATOMAS

OTHER MESENCHYMAL LESIONS

THYROID TUMORS IN UNUSUAL LOCATIONS

FROZEN-SECTION DIAGNOSIS AND THE THYROID

GROSS EXAMINATION AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC REPORTING OF THYROID RESECTION SPECIMENS

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION OF THE THYROID

TECHNIQUE

SPECIMEN ADEQUACY AND REPORTING

BENIGN NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS

NEOPLASTIC LESIONS

PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY

EMBRYOLOGY

ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

DISEASES OF THE PARATHYROID

PATHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

THE INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARATHYROID

OTHER TYPES OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

PARATHYROID GLAND PROLIFERATION: SPECIAL STUDIES

14 Adrenal Glands

DEVELOPMENT, ANATOMY, AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS

DEVELOPMENT

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, AND METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES

ACCESSORY ADRENALS, ADRENAL FUSION, AND ADRENAL APLASIA

ADRENAL CYTOMEGALY AND BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROME

STORAGE DISEASES

CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

HYPOFUNCTIONAL STATES

PRIMARY HYPOFUNCTION

SECONDARY HYPOFUNCTION

HYPERFUNCTIONAL STATES

ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERPLASIA

BILATERAL MICRONODULAR ADRENAL DISEASE

MASSIVE MACRONODULAR ADRENOCORTICAL DISEASE (PRIMARY MACRONODULAR ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA)

ADRENAL NEOPLASMS

ADRENOCORTICAL NEOPLASMS

ADRENOCORTICAL ADENOMAS

ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMAS

OTHER ADRENAL MASS LESIONS

CYSTS AND PSEUDOCYSTS

SECONDARY TUMORS

MESENCHYMAL/STROMAL AND NEURAL SHEATH TUMORS

RARE TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS

ADRENAL MEDULLA

NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS

NEUROBLASTOMA (SCHWANNIAN STROMA-POOR NEUROBLASTIC TUMOR)

GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA, INTERMIXED (SCHWANNIAN STROMA-RICH NEUROBLASTIC TUMOR)

GANGLIONEUROMA (SCHWANNIAN STROMA-DOMINANT NEUROBLASTIC TUMOR)

GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA, NODULAR (COMPOSITE SCHWANNIAN STROMA-RICH/STROMA-DOMINANT AND STROMA-POOR NEUROBLASTIC TUMOR)

PROBLEMATIC CASES OF HISTOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION AND GRADING

POSTTHERAPEUTIC SPECIMENS

PROGNOSIS

SPECIMEN HANDLING OF RESECTION, INCISIONAL OR CORE BIOPSIES, AND REPORTING

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

GROSS MORPHOLOGY

MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY

ANCILLARY STUDIES

MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

METASTATIC PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

COMPOSITE PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

ADRENAL MEDULLARY HYPERPLASIA

15 Paragangliomas

PARAGANGLIA OF THE HEAD AND NECK REGION

EMBRYOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTION

HYPERPLASIA OF CHEMORECEPTOR PARAGANGLIA

PARAGANGLIOMAS OF THE HEAD AND NECK REGION

CAROTID BODY PARAGANGLIOMA

JUGULOTYMPANIC PARAGANGLIOMA

VAGAL PARAGANGLIOMA

LARYNGEAL PARAGANGLIOMA

AORTICOPULMONARY PARAGANGLIOMA

OTHER PARAGANGLIOMAS

GROSS PATHOLOGY

MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY

SYMPATHOADRENAL NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM

EXTRA-ADRENAL PARAGANGLIOMAS OF THE SYMPATHOADRENAL NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM

GROSS MORPHOLOGY

MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY

PARAGANGLIOMA OF THE CAUDA EQUINA REGION

GANGLIOCYTIC PARAGANGLIOMA

GLOMUS COCCYGEUM

HEREDITARY AND SYNDROMIC PARAGANGLIOMA

SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENT PARAGANGLIOMAS

ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

CYTOLOGY AND FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY OF PARAGANGLIOMAS

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

METASTATIC RISK OF PARAGANGLIOMAS

SECTION V: Hematopoietic and Lymphatic Systems

16 Bone Marrow

THE BONE MARROW BIOPSY PROCEDURE

SPECIAL PROCEDURES

HEMATOPOIESIS AND BONE MARROW HISTOLOGY

BONE MARROW CELLULARITY

PANCYTOPENIA

HYPOCELLULAR BONE MARROW

HYPERCELLULAR BONE MARROW

CELLULARITY IN NEOPLASTIC DISEASE

CHANGES IN CELLULARITY FOLLOWING STEM CELL TRANSPLANT

GROWTH FACTORS

SEROUS ATROPHY

BONE MARROW NECROSIS

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE BONE MARROW

GRANULOMAS

NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS

REACTIVE MYELOFIBROSIS

ACUTE LEUKEMIAS AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES

ACUTE LEUKEMIAS

CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LEUKEMIAS

ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

BLASTIC PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASM

ACUTE LEUKEMIAS OF AMBIGUOUS LINEAGE

PRECURSOR LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS

MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES

MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS

CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA

CHRONIC NEUTROPHILIC LEUKEMIA

CHRONIC EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA AND THE HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA

PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS

MASTOCYTOSIS

MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES

CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML)

ATYPICAL CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, BCR-ABL1 NEGATIVE (A-CML)

JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (JMML)

MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM WITH RING SIDEROBLASTS AND THROMBOCYTOSIS (MDS/MPN-RS-T)

MYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM, UNCLASSIFIABLE

MYELOID AND LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND GENE REARRANGEMENT

MYELOID AND LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH PDGFRA REARRANGEMENT

MYELOID NEOPLASMS WITH PDGFRB REARRANGEMENT

MYELOID AND LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH FGFR1 ABNORMALITIES

MYELOID/LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH PCM1-JAK2

MYELOID NEOPLASMS WITH GERMLINE PREDISPOSITION

BONE MARROW LYMPHOID DISORDERS

NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA AND CHRONIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

PATTERN AND EXTENT OF MARROW INVOLVEMENT IN BIOPSY SECTIONS

B-CELL NEOPLASMS

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

B-CELL PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA/WALDENSTRÖM MACROGLOBULINEMIA

SPLENIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA

SPLENIC DIFFUSE RED PULP SMALL B-CELL LYMPHOMA

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA

EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA OF MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

NODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA

FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

T-CELL/HISTIOCYTE-RICH LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

MEDIASTINAL (THYMIC) LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

INTRAVASCULAR LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

BURKITT LYMPHOMA

HIGH-GRADE B-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH MYC AND BCL2 AND/OR BCL6 REARRANGEMENTS

T-CELL AND NATURAL KILLER CELL NEOPLASMS

T-CELL PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

T-CELL LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

CHRONIC LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS

AGGRESSIVE NATURAL KILLER CELL LEUKEMIA

ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

ENTEROPATHY-ASSOCIATED T-CELL LYMPHOMA

EXTRANODAL NATURAL KILLER/T-CELL LYMPHOMA, NASAL TYPE

HEPATOSPLENIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA

SUBCUTANEOUS PANNICULITIS-LIKE T-CELL LYMPHOMA

MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME

PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED

ANGIOIMMUNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA

ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA

BLOOD INVOLVEMENT BY NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

LYMPHOMA-LIKE LESIONS

REACTIVE LYMPHOID LESIONS

INCREASED MATURING B-CELL PRECURSORS (HEMATOGONES)

PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS

MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE

PLASMA CELL MYELOMA (MULTIPLE MYELOMA)

VARIANTS OF PLASMA CELL MYELOMA

PLASMACYTOMAS

MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEPOSITION DISEASES

PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS WITH ASSOCIATED PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME

HEAVY-CHAIN DISEASE

HISTIOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS

STORAGE HISTIOCYTE DISORDERS

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS

MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTIC/DENDRITIC DISORDERS

METASTATIC TUMORS

HISTOPATHOLOGY OF BONE MARROW METASTASIS

CYTOLOGY IN ASPIRATE SMEARS

BONE MARROW METASTASIS IN ADULTS

BONE MARROW METASTASIS IN CHILDREN

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

METABOLIC BONE DISEASES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

17 Lymph Nodes

LYMPH NODE EXAMINATION: GUIDELINES AND BASIC TECHNIQUES

CLASSIFICATION OF LYMPH NODE DISEASES

DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN REACTIVE AND NEOPLASTIC STATES

REACTIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY

REACTIVE STATES WITH FOLLICULAR LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA

REACTIVE STATES WITH INTERFOLLICULAR HYPERPLASIA

REACTIVE STATES CAUSING DIFFUSE ARCHITECTURAL EFFACEMENT

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

CLASSIFICATION OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

THE CELLULAR ORIGIN OF THE REED-STERNBERG CELL

CLINICAL FEATURES OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES

B-CELL LYMPHOMAS

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA

MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA

FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

NODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

INTRAVASCULAR LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE–POSITIVE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

PLASMABLASTIC LYMPHOMA

PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA

HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8–ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

BURKITT LYMPHOMA

HIGH-GRADE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS

B-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNCLASSIFIABLE, WITH FEATURES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA AND CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

GENERAL APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF T-CELL AND NATURAL KILLER CELL LYMPHOMAS

T-LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

ANGIOIMMUNOBLASTIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA AND OTHER NODAL T-CELL LYMPHOMAS OF T-FOLLICULAR HELPER PHENOTYPE

ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA

ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

NATURAL KILLER CELL LYMPHOMAS

NODAL INVOLVEMENT BY PRIMARY EXTRANODAL PERIPHERAL T-CELL AND NATURAL KILLER CELL LYMPHOMAS

IMMUNODEFICIENCY-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

IATROGENIC IMMUNODEFICIENCY-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

LYMPHOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV INFECTION

HISTIOCYTIC AND DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASMS

HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS AND SARCOMA

DENDRITIC CELL SARCOMAS

OTHER NEOPLASMS

METASTATIC TUMORS IN LYMPH NODES

LEUKEMIC INVOLVEMENT OF LYMPH NODES

18 Spleen

PROCESSING THE SPLEEN

DISORDERS PREDOMINATING IN THE SPLENIC WHITE PULP

REACTIVE FOLLICULAR HYPERPLASIA

REACTIVE NONFOLLICULAR HYPERPLASIA

MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS AND RELATED LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

DISORDERS PREDOMINATING IN THE SPLENIC RED PULP

CONGESTION

INFECTIONS

HISTIOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS

LEUKEMIAS, MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES, AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES

NONHEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS

SECTION VI: Head and Neck

19 Jaws, Oral Cavity, and Oropharynx

ORAL CAVITY

EMBRYOLOGY

CONTENTS OF THE ORAL CAVITY (Fig. 19.1)

ANATOMIC BORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY

HISTOLOGY

PHARYNX

EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND HISTOLOGY

EMBRYOLOGY

CONTENTS

OROPHARYNX

ANATOMIC BORDERS (Fig. 19.4)

HISTOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNX (Tables 19.2 and 19.3)

NONNEOPLASTIC ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE PHARYNX (TABLE 19.3)

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

BENIGN NEOPLASMS

CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL CAVITY AND OROPHARYNGEAL (NONODONTOGENIC) BENIGN NEOPLASMS (TABLE 19.5)

INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ORAL CAVITY

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

MULTIPLE PRIMARIES

HISTOPATHOLOGIC PARAMETERS OF PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE

STAGING

EVALUATION OF RESECTION MARGINS

SITE-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS

VARIANTS OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE OROPHARYNX

VIRAL-ASSOCIATED HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS–INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS

OROPHARYNGEAL NONKERATINIZING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS POSITIVE)

MORPHOLOGIC VARIANT OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS–ASSOCIATED SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

DEFINITION

OROPHARYNGEAL POORLY DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA, SMALL CELL TYPE (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA)

OROPHARYNGEAL POORLY DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA, LARGE CELL TYPE

MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

POLYMORPHOUS ADENOCARCINOMA (PAC)

POLYMORPHOUS ADENOCARCINOMA, CLASSIC VARIANT (PAC, CV)

POLYMORPHOUS ADENOCARCINOMA, CRIBRIFORM VARIANT (CRIBRIFORM ADENOCARCINOMA OF MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS [CASG])

POLYMORPHOUS ADENOCARCINOMA CLASSIFICATION—GENOTYPIC-PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION

SARCOMAS AND LYMPHOMAS

NORMAL TOOTH DEVELOPMENT

MOLECULAR GENETICS OF ODONTOGENIC CYSTS AND TUMORS

CYSTS OF THE JAWS

ODONTOGENIC CYSTS OF INFLAMMATORY ORIGIN

RADICULAR CYST

INFLAMMATORY COLLATERAL CYSTS

ODONTOGENIC AND NONODONTOGENIC DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS

LATERAL PERIODONTAL AND BOTRYOID ODONTOGENIC CYST

GINGIVAL CYST

GLANDULAR ODONTOGENIC CYST

CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST (GORLIN CYST)

ORTHOKERATINIZED ODONTOGENIC CYST

NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST

MEDIAN PALATINE CYST

NASOLABIAL CYST

GLOBULOMAXILLARY LESION

CARCINOMA ARISING IN ODONTOGENIC CYSTS

ODONTOGENIC TUMORS

BENIGN MIXED EPITHELIAL AND MESENCHYMAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS

AMELOBLASTIC FIBROMA

PRIMORDIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR

ODONTOMA

DENTINOGENIC GHOST CELL TUMOR

BENIGN MESENCHYMAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS

ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA

ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA/MYXOFIBROMA

CEMENTOBLASTOMA

CEMENTO-OSSIFYING FIBROMA

MALIGNANT ODONTOGENIC TUMORS

ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMAS

AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA

PRIMARY INTRAOSSEOUS CARCINOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

SCLEROSING ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA

CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA

GHOST CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA

ODONTOGENIC CARCINOSARCOMA

ODONTOGENIC SARCOMA

FIBRO-OSSEOUS AND CHONDRO-OSSEOUS LESIONS OF THE JAWS

OSSIFYING FIBROMA

FIBROUS DYSPLASIA

CEMENTO-OSSEOUS DYSPLASIA

OSTEOCHONDROMA

GIANT CELL AND CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE JAWS (TABLE 19.20)

CENTRAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA

CHERUBISM

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

SIMPLE BONE CYST

20 Salivary Glands

EMBRYOLOGY

HISTOLOGY

NONNEOPLASTIC PROCESSES

SIALOLITHIASIS

MUCOCELE

RANULA

LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST

SCLEROSING POLYCYSTIC ADENOSIS

MISCELLANEOUS CYSTS

ONCOCYTOSIS/DIFFUSE ONCOCYTIC HYPERPLASIA

NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA

RADIATION-RELATED CHANGE

ACUTE SIALADENITIS

CHRONIC SIALADENITIS

GRANULOMATOUS SIALADENITIS

SJÖGREN SYNDROME

GENERAL COMMENTS ON SALIVARY NEOPLASIA

BENIGN EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS

PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA (“BENIGN MIXED TUMOR”)

WARTHIN TUMOR

BASAL CELL ADENOMA

CANALICULAR ADENOMA

ONCOCYTOMA

MYOEPITHELIOMA

SEBACEOUS ADENOMA AND LYMPHADENOMA

DUCTAL PAPILLOMAS

INTERCALATED DUCT LESION/ADENOMA

MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND NEOPLASMS

ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA

MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA

ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA

SECRETORY CARCINOMA

POLYMORPHOUS ADENOCARCINOMA

SALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA

INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA

MALIGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA

EPITHELIAL-MYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA

BASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA

ONCOCYTIC CARCINOMA

SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA

MYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA

LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA

HYALINIZING CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

SMALL CELL (NEUROENDOCRINE) CARCINOMA

NUT CARCINOMA

SIALOBLASTOMA

MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

BENIGN STROMAL NEOPLASMS

VASCULAR LESIONS

LIPOMA

BENIGN PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

SARCOMAS OF SALIVARY GLANDS

METASTATIC LESIONS

21 Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx

INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF ANATOMY

NASAL CAVITY

PARANASAL SINUSES

NASOPHARYNX

INFLAMMATORY/NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS

INFECTIONS

FUNGI

TUBERCULOSIS

LEPROSY

RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

RHINOSCLEROMA

MIDFACIAL NECROTIZING LESION (“LETHAL MIDLINE GRANULOMA”)

SARCOIDOSIS

NONINFECTIOUS GRANULOMATOUS REACTIONS

MYOSPHERULOSIS

MUCOCELE

NONSECRETORY CYST

NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA

NASAL POLYPS

INFLAMMATORY POLYPS

NASAL POLYPS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS

ANTROCHOANAL POLYPS

STROMAL ATYPIA IN POLYPS

CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED ATYPIA

BENIGN NEOPLASMS AND NEOPLASM-LIKE PROCESSES

SINONASAL PAPILLOMAS

RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL ADENOMATOID HAMARTOMA

CHONDROMESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA

MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

HPV-RELATED MULTIPHENOTYPIC SINONASAL CARCINOMA

SINONASAL UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA (SNUC)

NUT CARCINOMA

SMARCB1-DEFICIENT SINONASAL CARCINOMA

SMARCA4-DEFICIENT SINONASAL CARCINOMA

VARIANTS OF ADENOCARCINOMA

SALIVARY-TYPE ADENOCARCINOMAS

NONSALIVARY ADENOCARCINOMAS

NONINTESTINAL ADENOCARCINOMAS

INTESTINAL-TYPE ADENOCARCINOMA

NEURAL, NEUROECTODERMAL, AND NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

OLFACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

PARAGANGLIOMA

DISPLACED NEURAL AND RELATED LESIONS

PITUITARY ADENOMA

CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA/AMELOBLASTOMA

GLIAL HETEROTOPIA

MENINGIOMA

LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC PROLIFERATIONS

LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA

LYMPHOMA

PLASMACYTOMA

NATURAL KILLER/T-CELL LYMPHOMA, NASAL TYPE

DENDRITIC CELL TUMORS

VASCULAR LESIONS

ANGIOFIBROMA

LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA

GLOMANGIOPERICYTOMA

OTHER VASCULAR TUMORS

FIBROUS AND FIBROHISTIOCYTIC LESIONS

FIBROMATOSIS

FIBROMA

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

BIPHENOTYPIC SINONASAL SARCOMA

FIBROSARCOMA

OTHER FIBROUS LESIONS

OTHER BENIGN SOFT TISSUE NEOPLASMS

MISCELLANEOUS SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

TERATOCARCINOSARCOMA

OSSEOUS TUMORS

GIANT CELL TUMOR

GIANT CELL GRANULOMA AND ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST

FIBRO-OSSEOUS LESIONS

MYXOMA

OSTEOMA

OSTEOSARCOMA

MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA

OTHER INTRAOSSEOUS LESIONS

CHORDOMA

22 Larynx

ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE LARYNX

METAPLASIA AND HYPERPLASIA

CONTACT ULCER

VOCAL CORD POLYPS AND NODULES

NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS

FOREIGN-BODY REACTION

SARCOIDOSIS

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

DEPOSITION AND OTHER BENIGN DISEASE

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

PRECURSOR LESIONS OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

VARIANTS OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA

SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA

PAPILLARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

OTHER VARIANTS

SALIVARY GLAND–TYPE TUMORS

NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMAS

OTHER NEUROENDOCRINE, NEURAL, AND NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS

PARAGANGLIOMAS

NEURAL AND NERVE SHEATH TUMORS

MELANOCYTIC LESIONS

MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASIA

FATTY TUMORS

MYOGENOUS TUMORS

FIBROBLASTIC AND MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS

VASCULAR TUMORS

CARTILAGINOUS TUMORS

OSSEOUS AND OTHER BONE TUMORS

OTHER MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

HEMATOLYMPHOID NEOPLASIA

METASTASES

23 Ear and Temporal Bone

NORMAL DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE EAR

EXTERNAL EAR

MIDDLE EAR

INNER EAR

RESECTION SPECIMENS

NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE EAR

INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND OTHER NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR, MIDDLE EAR, AND TEMPORAL

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

ACQUIRED NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE EXTERNAL AND MIDDLE EAR

AUTOIMMUNE, SYSTEMIC, AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES

BENIGN NEOPLASMS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AND AUDITORY CANAL

BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AND AUDITORY CANAL

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE

24 Eye and Ocular Adnexa

INTRODUCTION

THE GLOBE

TRAUMA

FOREIGN BODIES

INFLAMMATION

PHTHISIS BULBI

GLAUCOMA

CORNEA

EVALUATION OF CORNEAL TISSUE

CORNEAL GRAFTS

SCLERA

CONJUNCTIVA

DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES

CYSTS

INFLAMMATION

NEOPLASMS

NONNEOPLASTIC GROWTHS

CARUNCLE

EYELIDS

INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS

INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS

NONNEOPLASTIC MASSES

CYSTS

NEOPLASMS

LENS

CATARACT

PROSTHETIC INTRAOCULAR LENSES

RETINA

RETINOBLASTOMA

OTHER TUMORS

RETINAL LYMPHOMA

THE UVEAL TRACT: IRIS, CILIARY BODY, AND CHOROID

SYMPATHETIC UVEITIS

MELANOMA

OTHER UVEAL TUMORS

ORBIT

DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES

MUCOCELES

INFLAMMATORY LESIONS

TUMORS

OPTIC NERVE

OVERVIEW

NEOPLASMS

LACRIMAL GLAND

INFLAMMATION

NEOPLASMS

LACRIMAL DRAINAGE APPARATUS

NEOPLASMS

DACRYOLITHS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

SECTION VII: Intrathoracic Organs and Blood Vessels

25 Nonneoplastic Pulmonary Disease

INTRODUCTION

LUNG BIOPSIES

IDIOPATHIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIAS

USUAL INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA/IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS

NONSPECIFIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA/FIBROSIS

DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR DAMAGE

ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA

LYMPHOCYTIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA

PLEUROPULMONARY FIBROELASTOSIS

TOBACCO-RELATED INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLITIS AND RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLITIS-INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE

DESQUAMATIVE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA

SMOKING-RELATED INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

OTHER INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES

HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS

SARCOIDOSIS

PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS

EOSINOPHILIC REACTIONS

EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA

ACUTE EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA

AIRWAY DISEASE

ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA

BRONCHIECTASIS

ASTHMA

SMALL AIRWAY DISEASE

VASCULITIS AND HEMORRHAGE

GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS

EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS

MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS

ANTI–BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISEASE

PULMONARY HYPERTENSIVE VASCULOPATHY

PULMONARY ARTERIOPATHY

PULMONARY VENO-OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

PULMONARY CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMATOSIS

LUNG INVOLVEMENT BY SYSTEMIC DISEASES

AMYLOIDOSIS

LIGHT-CHAIN DEPOSITION DISEASE

IGG4-RELATED LUNG DISEASE

ERDHEIM-CHESTER DISEASE

INFECTIONS OF THE LUNG

VIRAL INFECTIONS

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

MYCOBACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

FUNGAL PNEUMONIA

PARASITIC PNEUMONIA

26 Pulmonary Neoplasms

GENERAL COMMENTS

MATERIALS FOR DIAGNOSIS

CYTOLOGIC MATERIALS

BIOPSY SPECIMENS

SURGICAL MATERIALS

FROZEN-SECTION MATERIALS

BENIGN EPITHELIAL TUMORS

PREINVASIVE LESIONS

MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL TUMORS

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

CARCINOID TUMORS

LARGE CELL NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA

SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA

LARGE CELL CARCINOMA

SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA

MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

LYMPHOID AND HISTIOCYTIC TUMORS

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS

METASTASES TO THE LUNG

DIAGNOSTIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

MARKERS OF PRIMARY LUNG ORIGIN

CELL DIFFERENTIATION

SCLC VS NSCLC

NSCLC SUBTYPING

NE DIFFERENTIATION

UNUSUAL ENTITIES

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN ROUTINE PRACTICE

27 Pleura

INTRODUCTION

NONNEOPLASTIC DISEASE

RESPONSE TO INJURY

PLEURITIS

NONNEOPLASTIC MESOTHELIAL PROLIFERATIONS

ANCILLARY STUDIES FOR DISTINGUISHING HYPERPLASIA FROM NEOPLASIA

FIBROSIS AND PLEURAL PLAQUE

MESOTHELIAL TUMORS

ADENOMATOID TUMOR (BENIGN LOCALIZED EPITHELIAL MESOTHELIOMA)

MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS OF THE PLEURA AND SUBPLEURAL TISSUES (OTHER THAN MESOTHELIAL TUMORS)

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

VASCULAR NEOPLASIA

OTHER MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

THYMOMA

LYMPHOMA AND OTHER SECONDARY TUMORS

28 Mediastinum

CLINICAL FEATURES OF MEDIASTINAL LESIONS

PERTINENT GROSS FEATURES OF MEDIASTINAL LESIONS

HISTOLOGIC FEATURES OF MEDIASTINAL TUMORS, WITH EMPHASIS ON DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC CATEGORIES

LOBULATED LESIONS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

BENIGN THYMIC AND MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS AND ITS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

MEDIASTINAL LIPOMA VERSUS THYMOLIPOMA VERSUS LIPOFIBROADENOMA VERSUS TRUE THYMIC HYPERPLASIA

BENIGN PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS AND GANGLIONEUROMAS

SCHWANNOMA

NEUROFIBROMA

GANGLIONEUROMA

FIBROGENIC AND MYOFIBROBLASTIC PROLIFERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMORS

DESMOID-TYPE FIBROMATOSIS

FIBROSING MEDIASTINITIS

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4–RELATED DISEASE

INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

CALCIFYING FIBROUS PSEUDOTUMOR

SMALL ROUND BLUE CELL NEOPLASMS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

MEDIASTINAL SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

NUT CARCINOMA

BASALOID CARCINOMA OF THE MEDIASTINUM

NEUROBLASTOMA OF THE MEDIASTINUM

MEDIASTINAL EWING SARCOMA

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE MEDIASTINUM

THORACIC SMARCA4-DEFICIENT UNDIFFERENTIATED TUMOR

SMALL CELL LYMPHOMAS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

OTHER SMALL CELL MEDIASTINAL NEOPLASMS

SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS AMONG SMALL CELL TUMORS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA VERSUS EWING SARCOMA VERSUS NEUROBLASTOMA

SMALL CELL LYMPHOMA VERSUS SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA VERSUS NUT CARCINOMA VERSUS BASALOID CARCINOMA

PRIMARY VERSUS METASTATIC CARCINOMA OF THE MEDIASTINUM

LARGE POLYGONAL CELL NEOPLASMS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

PRIMARY THYMIC CARCINOMAS

THYMIC SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

THYMIC MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA

LYMPHOEPITHELIAL THYMIC CARCINOMA

THYMIC CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

THYMIC ADENOCARCINOMAS

OTHER HISTOLOGIC FORMS OF PRIMARY THYMIC CARCINOMA

PARATHYROID CARCINOMA OF THE MEDIASTINUM

MALIGNANT MEDIASTINAL GERM CELL TUMORS

MEDIASTINAL CARCINOID TUMOR/LARGE CELL NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA

MEDIASTINAL PARAGANGLIOMA

MEDIASTINAL LYMPHOMAS

PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL (THYMIC) LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA

MEDIASTINAL GRAY ZONE LYMPHOMA

CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, NODULAR SCLEROSIS TYPE

OTHER MEDIASTINAL HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS

MESOTHELIOMA, EPITHELIOID TYPE OF THE MEDIASTINUM

METASTATIC MEDIASTINAL CARCINOMA AND MELANOMA

SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS CONCERNING MEDIASTINAL POLYGONAL CELL TUMORS

PRIMARY CARCINOMA VERSUS LYMPHOMA VERSUS GERM CELL TUMOR VERSUS MELANOMA

CARCINOID TUMOR VERSUS PARAGANGLIOMA VERSUS PARATHYROID CARCINOMA VERSUS PLASMACYTOMA

LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA VERSUS GRAY ZONE LYMPHOMA VERSUS MYELOID SARCOMA VERSUS CLASSIC HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, NODULAR SCLEROSIS TYPE

MALIGNANT SPINDLE CELL/PLEOMORPHIC MEDIASTINAL NEOPLASMS

THYMIC SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA

THYMIC CARCINOID TUMOR WITH SPINDLE CELL MORPHOLOGY

SARCOMATOID MEDIASTINAL MESOTHELIOMA

SARCOMATOID YOLK SAC TUMOR

MALIGNANT ADIPOCYTIC AND MYXOID MEDIASTINAL NEOPLASMS

THYMOLIPOSARCOMA

EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA AND CHORDOMA

OTHER NEOPLASMS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

ECTOPIC LESIONS WITH FEATURES OF MEDIASTINAL TUMORS

PROGNOSTIC FEATURES OF MEDIASTINAL NEOPLASMS

THYMOMA

THYMIC CARCINOMAS

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS OF THE MEDIASTINUM

LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES

GERM CELL TUMORS

PROGNOSTIC FEATURES OF OTHER MEDIASTINAL TUMORS

29 Heart

INTRODUCTION

MYOCARDIAL DISEASES

THE NORMAL HEART

THE ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY

PRIMARY CARDIOMYOPATHIES

SECONDARY CARDIOMYOPATHIES

INFLAMMATORY CARDIOMYOPATHY (MYOCARDITIS)

MYOCARDITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC PROCESSES

CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION

GRADING OF ACUTE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION

CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY

CARDIAC TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS

PEDIATRIC TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS

ADULT TUMORS

OTHER TUMORLIKE LESIONS

METASTATIC TUMORS TO THE HEART

VALVULAR LESIONS OF THE HEART

AORTIC VALVULAR DISEASE

MITRAL VALVULAR DISEASE

TRICUSPID AND PULMONIC VALVULAR DISEASE

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

NONINFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

PROSTHETIC VALVES

PERICARDIUM

ACUTE PERICARDITIS

CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

PRIMARY PERICARDIAL MASSES

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

30 Blood Vessels

HEREDITARY DISEASES OF BLOOD VESSELS

MARFAN SYNDROME

FAMILIAL NON-MARFAN DISSECTIONS

EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME

AORTIC ROOT DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE

PSEUDOXANTHOMA ELASTICUM

PRIMARILY HYPEROXALURIA

OTHER NONINFLAMMATORY VASCULAR DISEASES

ACQUIRED AORTIC ROOT DILATATION AND DISSECTION

GENERAL APPROACH TO ASCENDING AORTIC ANEURYSM

FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA

PERIPHERAL ANEURYSMS AND DISSECTIONS

AMYLOIDOSIS

MEDIAL CALCIFICATION: MÖNCKEBERG AND VASCULAR CALCINOSIS (CALCIPHYLAXIS)

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

AORTIC ANEURYSMS

CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY

ACUTE AORTIC OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

INFLAMMATORY AORTIC ANEURYSMS

VASCULITIS

TAKAYASU DISEASE

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

GIANT CELL ARTERITIS

CLINICALLY ISOLATED AORTITIS

POLYARTERITIS NODOSA

KAWASAKI DISEASE

COVID-19 INFECTION IN THE LUNG AND HEART

BUERGER DISEASE (THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS [TAO])

GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (FORMERLY WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS)

EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (FORMERLY CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME)

ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY SMALL VESSEL VASCULITIS (MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS)

IMMUNE COMPLEX–MEDIATED SMALL VESSEL VASCULITIS

RHEUMATOID VASCULITIS

LUPUS VASCULITIS

VASCULITIS IN MUSCLE AND NERVE BIOPSIES

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULITIS

VASCULITIS OF THE SPERMATIC CORD

SARCOID VASCULITIS

GIANT CELL PHLEBITIS

SEPTIC VASCULITIS

TUMORS OF GREAT VESSELS AND MUSCULAR ARTERIES

PULMONARY ARTERY SARCOMAS

AORTIC SARCOMAS

TUMORS OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA

TRAUMATIC AND IATROGENIC VASCULAR DISEASES

FOREIGN BODY EMBOLIZATION

TRAUMATIC PSEUDOANEURYSM

VASCULAR THROMBOSIS

GENERAL FEATURES OF THROMBOSIS

ETIOLOGY OF VASCULAR THROMBOSIS

THROMBOSIS IN THE MICROCIRCULATION

VOLUME

SECTION VIII: Alimentary Canal and Associated Organs

31 Esophagus

NORMAL FEATURES

ANATOMY

HISTOLOGY

SPECIMEN HANDLING

ESOPHAGITIS

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

LYMPHOCYTIC ESOPHAGITIS

EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS

INFECTIOUS ESOPHAGITIS

MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES OF ESOPHAGITIS

BARRETT ESOPHAGUS

THE ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF BARRETT ESOPHAGUS

INTESTINAL METAPLASIA OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION

DYSPLASIA IN BARRETT ESOPHAGUS

THE PATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF BARRETT ESOPHAGUS–RELATED DYSPLASIA

NATURAL HISTORY OF DYSPLASIA

SURROGATE BIOMARKERS

NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS

SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

ADENOMA

LEIOMYOMA

MESENCHYMAL POLYPS

GRANULAR CELL TUMOR

MISCELLANEOUS

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

PROGNOSIS

SUPERFICIAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

SQUAMOUS DYSPLASIA

VARIANTS OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA

BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

VERRUCOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

PROGNOSIS

ADENOCARCINOMA NOT ASSOCIATED WITH BARRETT ESOPHAGUS

ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION

OTHER MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

ADENOSQUAMOUS AND MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMAS

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

MISCELLANEOUS

MISCELLANEOUS ESOPHAGEAL LESIONS

32 Stomach

NORMAL

BIOPSY SPECIMEN HANDLING

HETEROTOPIAS, DUPLICATIONS, AND CYSTS

XANTHELASMA

HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS

METAPLASIA

PYLORIC AND PSEUDOPYLORIC METAPLASIA

CILIATED METAPLASIA

PANCREATIC ACINAR METAPLASIA

INTESTINAL METAPLASIA

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC AND EROSIVE GASTRITIS

SUPPURATIVE GASTRITIS

CAUSTIC GASTRITIS

HELICOBACTER GASTRITIS

MULTIFOCAL ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

AUTOIMMUNE METAPLASTIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

ATROPHIC AUTOIMMUNE PANGASTRITIS

CARDITIS

GRANULOMATOUS GASTRITIS

EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS

LYMPHOCYTIC GASTRITIS

REACTIVE GASTROPATHY

RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY GASTRITIS

ISCHEMIC GASTRITIS

GASTRITIS RESULTING FROM DRUG THERAPY

GASTRITIS IN IMMUNOSUPPRESSED PATIENTS

GASTRITIS IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE

THE POSTGASTRECTOMY STOMACH

POLYPS

FUNDIC GLAND POLYP

GASTRIC HYPERPLASTIC POLYP

ADENOMAS

POLYPOSIS SYNDROMES

OTHER POLYPOID LESIONS

ENLARGED MUCOSAL FOLDS

ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME

HYPERTROPHIC HYPERSECRETORY GASTROPATHY

MÉNÉTRIER DISEASE

GASTRIC DYSPLASIA

CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH

HISTOLOGIC VARIANTS

CLASSIFICATION AND HISTOPATHOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTRIC CANCER AND PRECURSOR LESIONS

HEREDITARY DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS

GROSS APPEARANCE, BIOPSY, AND CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS

EARLY GASTRIC CANCER

GASTROBLASTOMA

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

GASTRIC LYMPHOMAS

EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA OF MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS

OTHER B-CELL LYMPHOMAS

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS

SCHWANNOMA

INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYP

PLEXIFORM FIBROMYXOMA

GASTRIC SARCOMAS

MALIGNANT GASTROINTESTINAL NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR

VASCULAR LESIONS

METABOLIC DISEASES INVOLVING THE STOMACH

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

33 Nonneoplastic Intestinal Diseases

EVALUATION OF SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS

SPECIMEN PROCUREMENT AND PROCESSING

NORMAL SMALL INTESTINAL HISTOLOGY

PATTERNS OF ABNORMAL SMALL INTESTINE ARCHITECTURE

OTHER PROTEIN ALLERGIES

LYMPHOCYTIC ENTEROCOLITIS

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS

TROPICAL SPRUE/ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY

INFECTIOUS GASTROENTERITIS

SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH SYNDROME (BLIND-LOOP SYNDROME, STASIS SYNDROME)

MASTOCYTOSIS

PEPTIC DUODENITIS AND PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE

AUTOIMMUNE ENTEROPATHY

NONNEOPLASTIC POLYPS AND NODULES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

HETEROTOPIAS, ADENOMYOMA, AND MYOEPITHELIAL HAMARTOMA

HYPERPLASIA OF BRUNNER GLANDS

INTERPRETATION OF COLONIC MUCOSAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS IN THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

COLONIC BIOPSY SPECIMEN PROCESSING AND NORMAL COLONIC HISTOLOGY

PATTERNS OF COLONIC INFLAMMATION

SPECIFIC FORMS OF COLITIS

LESIONS THAT MIMIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

TERMINAL ILEUM BIOPSY SPECIMEN INTERPRETATION

INTERPRETATION OF ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY SPECIMENS FROM IMMUNOSUPPRESSED PATIENTS, INCLUDING PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

COMMON INFECTIOUS AGENTS

UNUSUAL INFECTIOUS AGENTS COMMONLY FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

OTHER LESIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS OR ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

EVALUATION OF RESECTION SPECIMENS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

CROHN DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS

COLITIS—TYPE INDETERMINATE

ULCERATIVE PROCTITIS

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND DIVERTICULAR DISEASE

LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SURGICAL PROCEDURES

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA

DYSPLASIA AND CANCER IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS

DYSPLASIA AND CANCER IN CROHN DISEASE

ISCHEMIC DISEASE

OTHER ENTITIES HAVING AN ISCHEMIC COMPONENT

ENTERIC INFECTIONS THAT MAY BE ENCOUNTERED IN RESECTION SPECIMENS

DIVERTICULAR DISEASE

LEFT-SIDED COLONIC DIVERTICULAR DISEASE

RIGHT-SIDED COLONIC DIVERTICULAR DISEASE

VASCULAR LESIONS OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT

ISOLATED INTESTINAL VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES

INTESTINAL VASCULAR LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC SYNDROMES

DISORDERS OF INTESTINAL MOTILITY

INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION

THE LONDON CLASSIFICATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEUROMUSCULAR PATHOLOGY

HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE AND ALLIED CONDITIONS

AMYLOIDOSIS

DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE INTESTINE

CONGENITAL DIVERTICULA, DUPLICATIONS, AND ENTERIC CYSTS

MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE INTESTINE

PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS

RADIATION AND ANTINEOPLASTIC CHEMOTHERAPY INJURY

EFFECTS OF IMMUNE MODULATOR THERAPY

SMALL INTESTINE TRANSPLANTATION AND REJECTION

FIBROSING COLONOPATHY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS

NONNEOPLASTIC TUMORS OF THE INTESTINE

THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX

SPECIMEN PROCESSING AND NORMAL HISTOLOGY

DEVELOPMENTAL AND ACQUIRED ANATOMIC ABNORMALITIES

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

INFLAMMATORY LESIONS OF THE MESENTERY AND RETROPERITONEUM

SCLEROSING MESENTERITIS

WEBER-CHRISTIAN DISEASE

INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

FIBROMATOSIS

IDIOPATHIC RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS

SCLEROSING PERITONITIS

34 Intestinal Neoplasms

BENIGN EPITHELIAL POLYPS

SERRATED POLYPS

CONVENTIONAL ADENOMA

PYLORIC GLAND ADENOMA

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE–ASSOCIATED NEOPLASIA

PATHWAYS OF CARCINOGENESIS

THE CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY PATHWAY

THE MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY PATHWAY

THE CPG ISLAND METHYLATOR PHENOTYPE

THE SERRATED NEOPLASTIC PATHWAY

MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS

NONAMPULLARY CARCINOMAS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

AMPULLARY AND PERIAMPULLARY CARCINOMAS

COLORECTAL CARCINOMAS

MORPHOLOGIC VARIANTS OF INTESTINAL CARCINOMA

PROGNOSTICALLY IMPORTANT HISTOLOGIC FEATURES

NEOADJUVANTLY TREATED CARCINOMAS

TUMOR STAGING

HERITABLE CANCER SYNDROMES AND POLYPOSIS DISORDERS

SYNDROMES WITH HAMARTOMATOUS POLYPS

SYNDROMES THAT FEATURE ADENOMAS

NONSYNDROMIC POLYPOSIS DISORDERS

ENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED ENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ENDOCRINE CARCINOMAS

MIXED ENDOCRINE-NONENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR

SMOOTH MUSCLE NEOPLASMS

FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC LESIONS

NEURAL/NERVE SHEATH TUMORS

MALIGNANT GASTROINTESTINAL NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR

VASCULAR TUMORS

ADIPOCYTIC TUMORS

METASTASES AND SECONDARY NEOPLASMS

CARCINOMAS

MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

MIMICS OF INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA

INFLAMMATORY-TYPE POLYPS

MUCOSAL PROLAPSE POLYPS

ANGIOGENIC POLYPS

ENDOMETRIOSIS

HEMATOPOIETIC LESIONS

LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS–POSITIVE MUCOCUTANEOUS ULCER

LYMPHOMA

MYELOID SARCOMA

SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS

LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS

FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELL SARCOMA

HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA

THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX

SERRATED APPENDICEAL LESIONS

CONVENTIONAL (COLONIC-TYPE) ADENOMA

MUCINOUS NEOPLASMS

GOBLET CELL ADENOCARCINOMA (CRYPT CELL CARCINOMA)

OTHER ADENOCARCINOMAS

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED ENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

35 Pancreas

ANATOMY AND ANOMALIES

ANNULAR PANCREAS

PANCREAS DIVISUM

HETEROTOPIC PANCREAS

OTHER ABNORMALITIES

DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES

PANCREATIC TRANSPLANTATION

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

ACUTE PANCREATITIS

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS

EOSINOPHILIC PANCREATITIS

PARADUODENAL (GROOVE) PANCREATITIS

OTHER INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

PSEUDOCYSTS

DUCTAL NEOPLASMS

DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA

CLINICALLY RELEVANT SUBTYPES OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA

PREINVASIVE DUCTAL NEOPLASMS

PANCREATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS NEOPLASMS

INTRADUCTAL ONCOCYTIC PAPILLARY NEOPLASMS

INTRADUCTAL TUBULOPAPILLARY NEOPLASMS

MUCINOUS CYSTIC NEOPLASMS

DEFINITION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

MACROSCOPIC FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR FEATURES

CLINICAL OUTCOME

SEROUS NEOPLASMS

SEROUS CYSTADENOMA

SEROUS OLIGOCYSTIC ADENOMA

SOLID SEROUS ADENOMA

MALIGNANT SEROUS CYSTIC NEOPLASMS (SEROUS CYSTADENOCARCINOMA)

NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

POORLY DIFFERENTIATED PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMAS

ACINAR NEOPLASMS

ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA

ACINAR CELL CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

ACINAR CYSTIC TRANSFORMATION (ACINAR CELL CYSTADENOMA)

NEOPLASMS OF MULTIPLE LINES OF DIFFERENTIATION

MIXED PANCREATIC CARCINOMAS

PANCREATOBLASTOMA

NEOPLASMS OF INDETERMINATE DIFFERENTIATION

SOLID PSEUDOPAPILLARY NEOPLASM

OTHER CYSTIC LESIONS

DUPLICATION CYSTS

PARADUODENAL WALL CYST OF PARADUODENAL PANCREATITIS

LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST

SQUAMOID CYST OF PANCREATIC DUCT

EPIDERMOID CYSTS IN INTRAPANCREATIC ACCESSORY SPLEEN

LYMPHANGIOMA

CYSTIC MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

SECONDARY NEOPLASMS THAT ARE CYSTIC

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC LESIONS

MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

SECONDARY NEOPLASMS

MISCELLANEOUS LESIONS

PANCREATIC HAMARTOMA

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

36 Nonneoplastic Liver Disease

INTRODUCTION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NONNEOPLASTIC LIVER DISEASE

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NONNEOPLASTIC LIVER DISEASE

ACUTE HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, AND INFECTIOUS LIVER DISEASE

ACUTE HEPATITIS

ACUTE LIVER FAILURE

CHRONIC HEPATITIS

AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS

HEPATOTROPIC VIRUSES

NONHEPATOTROPIC VIRUSES

OTHER INFECTIONS

FATTY LIVER DISEASE

NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS GRADING AND STAGING

NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE PATTERNS OF INJURY AND DIAGNOSTIC PITFALLS

NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE NATURAL HISTORY AND TREATMENT

CHRONIC BILIARY OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE

MORPHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN BILIARY DISEASES

HISTOLOGIC PATTERNS OF BILIARY DISEASES

PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS (FORMERLY PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS)

PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

OTHER BILIARY DISEASES

NEONATAL CHOLESTATIC DISEASE

METABOLIC, GENETIC, AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS WITH DUCTAL PLATE MALFORMATION

IRON OVERLOAD

IRON METABOLISM AND THE LIVER

HFE HEMOCHROMATOSIS

NON-HFE HEMOCHROMATOSIS

SECONDARY IRON OVERLOAD

IRON ASSESSMENT IN THE LIVER

VASCULAR DISORDERS

SINUSOIDAL DILATATION ON LIVER BIOPSIES

TRANSPLANT PATHOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

37 Masses of the Liver

INTRODUCTION

SPECIMEN HANDLING

INTRAOPERATIVE CONSULTATION

BIOPSY TYPES (FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION AND THICK-NEEDLE CORE BIOPSIES)

Histologic Findings Adjacent to Liver Tumors

CYSTIC MASSES

ABSCESSES

NONPARASITIC NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS

NEOPLASTIC CYSTS

EPITHELIAL PSEUDOTUMORS

FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA

SEGMENTAL ATROPHY/NODULAR ELASTOSIS

REGENERATIVE HEPATIC PSEUDOTUMORS

OTHER PSEUDOTUMORS OF THE LIVER

HEPATIC ADENOMA

CLINICAL FEATURES

MACROSCOPIC FEATURES

HISTOPATHOLOGY

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND OUTCOME

MACROREGENERATIVE AND DYSPLASTIC NODULES IN CIRRHOSIS

MACROREGENERATIVE NODULES

DYSPLASTIC NODULES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND REPORTING

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

EPIDEMIOLOGIC FACTORS

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

MACROSCOPIC FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA SUBTYPES

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND SPECIAL STAINS

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

TREATMENT, OUTCOME, AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS

BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS OF THE INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

BILE DUCT HAMARTOMA

BILE DUCT ADENOMA

BILIARY ADENOFIBROMA

MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

OTHER PRIMARY EPITHELIAL MALIGNANCIES OF THE LIVER

CALCIFYING NESTED STROMAL EPITHELIAL TUMORS

NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA

ANASTOMOSING HEMANGIOMA

CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA

PELIOSIS HEPATIS

MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS

EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

ANGIOSARCOMA

KAPOSI SARCOMA

BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

HEPATIC PSEUDOLIPOMA

INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOTUMOR

LEIOMYOMA

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

LEIOMYOSARCOMA

OTHER SARCOMAS

PRIMARY HEPATIC LYMPHOMA

PEDIATRIC TUMORS

MESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA

EMBRYONAL SARCOMA (UNDIFFERENTIATED SARCOMA)

INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA (INFANTILE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA)

HEPATIC MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR

TERATOMA AND OTHER GERM CELL TUMORS

HEPATOBLASTOMA

HEPATOBILIARY RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

METASTATIC TUMOR IN THE LIVER

SOLID TUMORS

LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA

38 Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Biliary Tree, and Ampulla

THE GALLBLADDER

ANATOMY

HISTOLOGY

ROUTINE SPECIMEN PROCESSING

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

CHOLESTEROLOSIS

CHOLELITHIASIS

HYDROPS AND MUCOCELE

ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS

CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS

VARIANTS OF CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS

OTHER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION

NONNEOPLASTIC EPITHELIAL ALTERATIONS

NONNEOPLASTIC TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS

NEOPLASIA OF THE GALLBLADDER

DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN SITU (CIS), FLAT (NONTUMORAL) TYPE

TUMORAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASMS

MUCINOUS CYSTIC NEOPLASIA

INVASIVE CARCINOMAS

SPREAD AND METASTASIS

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND SURGICAL PATHOLOGY REPORT

OTHER NEOPLASTIC GALLBLADDER LESIONS

THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

ANATOMY

HISTOLOGY

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

INFECTIONS

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

OTHER TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS

NEOPLASIA OF THE EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY TRACT

INVASIVE CARCINOMAS

OTHER NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

AMPULLA OF VATER

ANATOMY

HISTOLOGY

DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

NEOPLASIA OF THE AMPULLARY REGION

INVASIVE CARCINOMAS

OTHER NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF AMPULLA

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

39 Anus and Perianal Area

EMBRYOLOGY

NORMAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

NONNEOPLASTIC DISEASES INTRINSIC TO THE ANUS

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES

HEMORRHOIDS

FIBROEPITHELIAL POLYPS

INFLAMMATORY CLOACOGENIC POLYPS

FISSURES AND FISTULAE

CROHN DISEASE

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

NEOPLASMS INTRINSIC TO THE ANUS

SURFACE EPITHELIAL CARCINOMAS OF THE ANAL TRANSITIONAL ZONE AND SQUAMOUS ZONE

PRECURSOR LESIONS OF SQUAMOUS CARCINOMAS

THE HIGHLY DIFFERENTIATED INVASIVE OR INVERTED SQUAMOUS LESION OCCURRING IN A BACKGROUND OF HYPERKERATOSIS AND INFLAMMATION

ADENOCARCINOMA

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR

NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA

MELANOMA

PERIANAL SKIN

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND PRECURSOR INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET DISEASE

OTHER NEOPLASMS

SECTION IX: Urinary Tract and Male Genital System

40 Developmental Abnormalities of the Kidney

RENAL DEVELOPMENT

RENAL PARENCHYMAL MALFORMATIONS

RENAL AGENESIS

RENAL HYPOPLASIA

RENAL SEGMENTAL ATROPHY (SEGMENTAL HYPOPLASIA, ASK-UPMARK KIDNEY)

CONGENITAL NEPHROMEGALY

SUPERNUMERARY KIDNEY

RENAL DYSPLASIA

RENAL TUBULAR DYSGENESIS

POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC DISEASE (ADPKD)

TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS

VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE (VHL)

GLOMERULOCYSTIC DISEASE

ANOMALIES OF RENAL EMBRYONIC MIGRATION

ECTOPIA AND MALROTATION

RENAL FUSION

ABNORMALITIES OF THE COLLECTING SYSTEM

CONGENITAL HYDRONEPHROSIS

DUPLICATION OF URETER AND RENAL PELVIS

41 Adult Renal Diseases

APPROACH TO CLASSIFICATION

TISSUE SAMPLING AND PREPARATION

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT GLOMERULAR DISEASES

THE HYPERCELLULAR OR TRUE OR “PROLIFERATIVE” GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES (GLOMERULAR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH NEPHRITIC SYNDROME)

ACUTE POSTINFECTIOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (USUALLY POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS)

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ONGOING INFECTIONS

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER BACTERIAL INFECTIONS—STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS, OTHER LOW VIRULENCE BACTERIA AND SKIN COMMENSALS, HACEK GROUP, BARTONELLA

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (MPGN) AND C3 GLOMERULOPATHY (C3G)

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

EXTRACAPILLARY PROLIFERATIVE CRESCENTIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

THE ISSUE OF PULMONARY-RENAL SYNDROME

FOCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

THE NONGLOMERULONEPHRITIC GLOMERULONEPHROPATHIES (GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY WALL LESIONS LEADING TO THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME)

MINIMAL CHANGE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE)

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFUSE MESANGIAL HYPERCELLULARITY IN IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN M DEPOSITION IN IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (IMMUNOGLOBULIN M NEPHROPATHY)

C1Q NEPHROPATHY

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULAR SCLEROSIS

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

COLLAPSING GLOMERULOPATHY INCLUDING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS–ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY AND IDIOPATHIC COLLAPSING GLOMERULOPATHY

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

KIDNEY DISEASE IN SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 OR COVID-19

MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

GLOMERULAR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH ISOLATED HEMATURIA

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY (BERGER DISEASE) AND HENOCH-SCHöNLEIN PURPURA (ANAPHYLACTOID PURPURA)

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

THIN BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISEASE (OR NEPHROPATHY)

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

ALPORT SYNDROME

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

OTHER FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA

ANTICOAGULANT (WARFARIN)-RELATED NEPHROPATHY

DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH ACELLULAR CLOSURE OF GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES

THE THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

CRYOGLOBULINEMIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

AMYLOIDOSIS

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

FIBRILLARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

IMMUNOTACTOID GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (IMMUNOTACTOID GLOMERULOPATHY)

FIBRONECTIN GLOMERULOPATHY

THE NEPHROPATHIES OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

LIGHT MICROSCOPIC FEATURES AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS

THE ISSUE OF ACTIVITY AND CHRONICITY

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OUTCOME

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

OTHER “COLLAGEN VASCULAR” DISEASES

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY–ASSOCIATED RENAL DISEASES

PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSIS

NONAMYLOIDOTIC MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEPOSITION DISEASE (MOSTLY LIGHT-CHAIN DEPOSITION DISEASE)

MYELOMA CAST NEPHROPATHY

PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN G DEPOSITS

OTHER RARE FORMS OF MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY–RELATED RENAL DISEASE

TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS (ACUTE INFECTIOUS TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS, DIFFUSE SUPPURATIVE NEPHRITIS)

ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4–RELATED TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

VASCULAR LESIONS OF THE KIDNEYS

ARTERIAL AND ARTERIOLAR NEPHROSCLEROSIS (“BENIGN” NEPHROSCLEROSIS)

MALIGNANT NEPHROSCLEROSIS

RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS

RENAL ATHEROEMBOLIC DISEASE (CHOLESTEROL EMBOLI)

VASCULITIS

END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE/DIALYSIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

GROSS APPEARANCE

LIGHT MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND PATHOGENESIS

ACQUIRED RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE

PATHOLOGY OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

THE BANFF CLASSIFICATION

SCORING SYSTEM OF THE BANFF CLASSIFICATION OF ALLOGRAFT REJECTION

ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION

ACUTE CELL-MEDIATED (CELLULAR) REJECTION

CHRONIC GRAFT INJURY INCLUDING CHRONIC REJECTION AND CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT NEPHROPATHY

NEPHROTOXICITY OF CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS (CYCLOSPORINE AND TACROLIMUS)

THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY IN THE RENAL ALLOGRAFT

POSTTRANSPLANTATION LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

POLYOMAVIRUS-INDUCED INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS (POLYOMAVIRUS NEPHROPATHY)

OTHER CHANGES SEEN IN TRANSPLANTATION SPECIMENS

APPENDIX

REVIEW OF GLOMERULAR DISEASES

SHORT GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES

I. GLOMERULI

II. TUBULOINTERSTITIUM

III. VASCULATURE

42 Adult Renal Tumors

TUMORS OF THE ADULT KIDNEY

INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

HEREDITARY RENAL TUMORS

GRADING AND STAGING OF RENAL TUMORS

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA AND MORPHOLOGICALLY RELATED ENTITIES

CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

MULTILOCULAR CYSTIC RENAL NEOPLASM OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL

CLEAR CELL PAPILLARY RENAL NEOPLASM “OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL”

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH PROMINENT FIBROMUSCULAR STROMA

PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

CLINICAL FEATURES

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

OUTCOME

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

PAPILLARY ADENOMA

CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

CLINICAL FEATURES

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

OUTCOME

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

RENAL ONCOCYTOMA

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

ONCOCYTOSIS

RENAL TUMORS OF BIRT-HOGG-DUBÉ SYNDROME

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL ONCOCYTOMA

OUTCOME

OTHER TUMORS (INCLUDING RECENTLY DESCRIBED) WITH EXCLUSIVE OR PREDOMINANT EOSINOPHILIC CYTOPLASM

EOSINOPHILIC VACUOLATED TUMOR (EVT)

LOW-GRADE ONCOCYTIC TUMOR (LOT)

ONCOCYTIC RENAL NEOPLASM, NOS

SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE (SDH)–DEFICIENT RCC

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF TUMORS WITH EOSINOPHILIC/ONCOCYTIC CYTOPLASM

COLLECTING DUCT CARCINOMA

CLINICAL FEATURES

GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

OUTCOME

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

FUMARATE HYDRATASE–DEFICIENT RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

TUBULOCYSTIC CARCINOMA

RENAL MEDULLARY CARCINOMA

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA, UNCLASSIFIED

MUCINOUS TUBULAR AND SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA (MTSCC)

ACQUIRED CYSTIC DISEASE–ASSOCIATED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (ACD-RCC)

MICROPHTHALMIA-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TRANSLOCATION FAMILY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (MIT FAMILY CARCINOMA)

MIXED EPITHELIAL AND STROMAL TUMOR (MEST)/ADULT-TYPE CYSTIC NEPHROMA

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

OUTCOME

JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELL TUMOR

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

OUTCOME

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR (CARCINOID TUMOR)

GROSS FEATURES

OTHER NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS

PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR (PNET)

METANEPHRIC NEOPLASIA INCLUDING METANEPHRIC ADENOMA AND METANEPHRIC ADENOFIBROMA

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

WILMS TUMOR (NEPHROBLASTOMA)

ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

OUTCOME

EPITHELIOID ANGIOMYOLIPOMA (EPITHELIOID PECOMA)

ADRENAL CORTICAL TISSUE

LIPOMA

LIPOSARCOMA

LEIOMYOMA

LEIOMYOSARCOMA

RENOMEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL CELL TUMOR (MEDULLARY FIBROMA)

OTHER MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES

METASTATIC TUMORS

43 Renal Neoplasms of Childhood

INTRODUCTION

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HANDLING PEDIATRIC TUMOR NEPHRECTOMY SPECIMENS

STAGING

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RENAL SINUS

EVALUATION OF THE CAPSULE

EVALUATION OF LYMPH NODES

PEDIATRIC RENAL NEOPLASMS: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS

WILMS TUMOR (NEPHROBLASTOMA)

CONGENITAL MESOBLASTIC NEPHROMA

CLEAR CELL SARCOMA OF THE KIDNEY

RHABDOID TUMOR OF THE KIDNEY

RENAL CARCINOMAS IN CHILDREN

MISCELLANEOUS RENAL NEOPLASMS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

44 Urothelial Tract: Renal Pelvis, Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra

NORMAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

VARIANTS OF NORMAL HISTOLOGY

METAPLASIA OF THE UROTHELIUM

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

GRANULOMATOUS CYSTITIS SECONDARY TO BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUÉRIN THERAPY OR TRANSURETHRAL BIOPSY

RADIATION CYSTITIS

HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS

ENDOMETRIOSIS, ENDOCERVICOSIS, AND MÜLLERIANOSIS

MALACOPLAKIA

AMYLOID DEPOSITS

DIVERTICULA

UROTHELIAL NEOPLASIA

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION OF UROTHELIAL TUMORS

STAGING OF BLADDER CANCER

UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF UROTHELIAL NEOPLASIA

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR GENETICS OF UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

EXPRESSION PROFILING AND MOLECULAR TAXONOMY

GRADING OF UROTHELIAL TUMORS

GRADING OF PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL LESIONS

PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL HYPERPLASIA

UROTHELIAL PAPILLOMA

INVERTED UROTHELIAL PAPILLOMA

PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL NEOPLASM OF LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL

LOW-GRADE NONINVASIVE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

HIGH-GRADE NONINVASIVE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

FLAT UROTHELIAL LESIONS INCLUDING CARCINOMA IN SITU

UROTHELIAL PROLIFERATION OF UNCERTAIN MALIGNANT POTENTIAL

FLAT LESIONS WITH ATYPIA

CARCINOMAS WITH DIVERGENT DIFFERENTIATION

SQUAMOUS LESIONS INCLUDING SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA

SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA

CONDYLOMA

SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA

GLANDULAR LESIONS INCLUDING ADENOCARCINOMA

CYSTITIS GLANDULARIS

NEPHROGENIC METAPLASIA (ADENOMA)

VILLOUS ADENOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

URACHAL CARCINOMA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

OTHER VARIANTS OF UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

SMALL CELL/NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA

SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA

NESTED VARIANT OF UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

PLASMACYTOID/DIFFUSE CARCINOMA

LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA-LIKE CARCINOMA

MICROPAPILLARY CARCINOMA

CHORIOCARCINOMA AND UROTHELIAL CARCINOMAS WITH TROPHOBLASTIC DIFFERENTIATION.

CARCINOMA OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND URETER

URETHRA

URETHRAL POLYPS

CARCINOMA OF THE URETHRA

MESENCHYMAL LESIONS OF THE UROTHELIAL TRACT

MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS

45 Prostate and Seminal Vesicles

ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

PROSTATIC INFECTIONS

BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS

MYCOTIC PROSTATITIS

TUBERCULOUS PROSTATITIS

MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIONS

NONINFECTIOUS INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

NONSPECIFIC GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS

POSTBIOPSY GRANULOMAS

ALLERGIC GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS

MALACOPLAKIA

BENIGN NONNEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS

AMYLOID

CALCULI

CYSTS

MELANOCYTIC LESIONS

MUCOUS GLAND METAPLASIA

MISCELLANEOUS BENIGN LESIONS

ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

STAGING CLASSIFICATION

CLINICAL STAGE T4 (METASTASES)

PRESENTATION OF DISEASE: MEANS OF ESTABLISHING DIAGNOSIS

GLEASON GRADING OF NEEDLE BIOPSIES

EXTENT OF CANCER, PERINEURAL INVASION, AND EXTRAPROSTATIC EXTENSION ON NEEDLE BIOPSY

DIAGNOSIS OF LIMITED PROSTATE CANCER

FINDINGS OF ATYPICAL GLANDS SUSPICIOUS FOR CANCER: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ADJUNCTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER

MIMICKERS OF PROSTATE CANCER

PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

CARCINOMA: CLINICAL STAGES T2 (PALPABLE) AND T1C (NONPALPABLE) CANCER DETECTED ON NEEDLE BIOPSY

METHODS OF PROCESSING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY SPECIMENS

TUMOR LOCATION

TUMOR PROGRESSION

EXTRAPROSTATIC EXTENSION AND PERINEURAL INVASION

SEMINAL VESICLE INVASION

LYMPH NODE METASTASES

RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY GRADE

MARGINS OF RESECTION

TUMOR VOLUME

VASCULAR INVASION

EVALUATION OF PROSTATIC SPECIMENS FOLLOWING TREATMENT

ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY

RADIATION

MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENTS

VARIANTS OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA

MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA

LESIONS WITH NEUROENDOCRINE DIFFERENTIATION

PROSTATIC DUCT ADENOCARCINOMA

TUMORS WITH SQUAMOUS DIFFERENTIATION

UROTHELIAL LESIONS AND USE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY TO DIFFERENTIATE PROSTATIC FROM NONPROSTATIC TUMORS

DISTINCTION OF HIGH-GRADE PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA FROM UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

INTRADUCTAL UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA INVOLVING THE PROSTATE

PRIMARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

BASAL CELL HYPERPLASIA AND CARCINOMA

PROSTATIC URETHRAL POLYPS

HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES

MISCELLANEOUS MALIGNANT PROSTATIC TUMORS

DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS IN PROSTATE CANCER

COMMERCIAL GENOMIC ASSAYS

PTEN LOSS

DNA DAMAGE REPAIR GENES

TMPRSS2-ERG GENE FUSIONS

SEMINAL VESICLES

46 Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Testis

INTRODUCTION

EMBRYOLOGY

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES

CRYPTORCHIDISM

ANORCHIA

POLYORCHISM

SPLENOGONADAL FUSION

ADRENAL CORTICAL RESTS

ACQUIRED ABNORMALITIES

TORSION AND INFARCTION

VARICOCELE

MICROLITHIASIS

TESTICULAR INVOLVEMENT IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE

VASCULITIS

AMYLOIDOSIS

PATHOLOGY OF MALE INFERTILITY

NORMAL SPERMATOGENESIS

HYPOSPERMATOGENESIS

MATURATION ARREST

GERM CELL APLASIA

GERM CELL APLASIA AND FOCAL SPERMATOGENESIS

KARYOTYPIC AND CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES

TUBULAR SCLEROSIS AND INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS

EXCURRENT DUCT OBSTRUCTION

GONADOTROPIN DEFICIENCY

PREPUBERTAL GONADOTROPIN DEFICIENCY

POSTPUBERTAL GONADOTROPIN DEFICIENCY

MACROORCHIDISM

TESTICULAR BIOPSY

METHOD

FIXATION

SPECIAL STAINS

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE TESTIS

EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON THE TESTIS

TESTICULAR CYSTS

EPIDIDYMIS

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

BACTERIAL DISEASE

MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS

VIRAL INFECTIONS

MUMPS

SPIROCHETAL INFECTIONS

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

NONSPECIFIC GRANULOMATOUS ORCHITIS AND MALACOPLAKIA

DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT (INTERSEX SYNDROMES)

MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM (46,XY DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT)

PERSISTENT MüLLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME (46,XY DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT)

TESTICULAR REGRESSION SYNDROME

DEFECTS IN ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONE SYNTHESIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

ANDROGEN-INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME (46,XY DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT)

GONADAL DYSGENESIS

OVOTESTICULAR DISORDER OF SEX DEVELOPMENT (TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

47 Testicular and Paratesticular Tumors

ANATOMY AND HISTOGENESIS

GROSS EXAMINATION

STAGING

GERM CELL TUMORS

CLASSIFICATION

HISTOGENESIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU

GERM CELL TUMORS DERIVED FROM GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU

SEMINOMA

EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA

POSTPUBERTAL-TYPE YOLK SAC TUMOR

TROPHOBLASTIC TUMORS

CHORIOCARCINOMA

PLACENTAL SITE TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR

EPITHELIOID TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR

CYSTIC TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR

POSTPUBERTAL-TYPE TERATOMA

SOMATIC-TYPE MALIGNANCY ARISING IN TERATOMA

MIXED GERM CELL TUMORS

POLYEMBRYOMA AND DIFFUSE EMBRYOMA

REGRESSED GERM CELL TUMORS

POSTCHEMOTHERAPY RESECTIONS

GERM CELL TUMORS UNRELATED TO GERM CELL NEOPLASIA IN SITU

PREPUBERTAL-TYPE TERATOMA

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR (MONODERMAL TERATOMA)

PREPUBERTAL-TYPE YOLK SAC TUMOR

MIXED PREPUBERTAL-TYPE TERATOMA AND YOLK SAC TUMOR

SPERMATOCYTIC TUMOR

SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMORS

LEYDIG CELL TUMOR

SERTOLI CELL TUMOR

GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR

ADULT TYPE

JUVENILE TYPE

TUMORS IN THE FIBROMA-THECOMA GROUP

MYOID GONADAL STROMAL TUMOR

MIXED AND UNCLASSIFIED SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMORS

MIXED GERM CELL-SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMOR (GONADOBLASTOMA)

TUMORS OF “PASSENGER” AND NON–LEYDIG INTERSTITIAL CELLS

LYMPHOMA

PLASMACYTOMA

LEUKEMIC INFILTRATION AND MYELOID SARCOMA

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

METASTATIC TUMORS

TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS OF THE RETE TESTIS

CYSTIC DYSPLASIA

ADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA

ADENOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS OF THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA AND MESOTHELIUM

HYDROCELE

SPLENIC-GONADAL FUSION

MECONIUM PERIORCHITIS

REACTIVE FIBROUS TUMORLIKE LESIONS

FIBROMA

OVARIAN-TYPE EPITHELIAL TUMORS

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED PAPILLARY MESOTHELIOMA

MESOTHELIOMA

MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS

OTHER PARATESTICULAR TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS INCLUDING THOSE OF THE EPIDIDYMIS AND SPERMATIC CORD

ADENOMATOID TUMOR

EPIDIDYMAL TUMORS

DESMOPLASTIC ROUND CELL TUMOR

SPERMATIC CORD/PARATESTICULAR TUMORS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

48 Penis

ANATOMY

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

REGIONAL LYMPH NODES

ANOMALIES

INFECTIONS

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

PARASITIC INFECTIONS

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

SYPHILIS

Granuloma Inguinale

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Chancroid

Human Papillomaviruses: Condyloma Acuminatum

Herpes

Molluscum Contagiosum

Penile Lesion in AIDS

MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS

PHIMOSIS

LICHEN SCLEROSUS (BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS)

LICHEN SCLEROSUS (LS) AND CARCINOMA

BALANITIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA PLASMACELLULARIS (ZOON BALANITIS)

PEYRONIE DISEASE

TANCHO NODULES AND PARAFFINOMAS

PAPILLOMATOSIS OF GLANS CORONA (HIRSUTOID PAPILLOMAS)

PENILE MELANOSIS

SCLEROSING LYMPHANGITIS OF THE PENIS

OTHER RARE CONDITIONS

DERMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS THAT INCIDENTALLY AFFECT THE PENIS

NEOPLASMS AND PRECURSOR LESIONS

SQUAMOUS HYPERPLASIA

PENILE INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

BOWENOID PAPULOSIS

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Epidemiology

RISK FACTORS

Pathologic Classification

Patterns of Growth

SUBTYPES OF INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS AND GIANT CONDYLOMAS

HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Carcinomas of the Penis

General Features

Detection and Human Papillomavirus Genotypes

Human Papillomavirus and Histologic Subtypes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cell Types and Human Papillomavirus

p16 in Subtypes of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Penis

PATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS

GENERAL FEATURES

SQUAMOUS HYPERPLASIAS, LICHEN SCLEROSUS, FLAT CONDYLOMAS, AND DIFFERENTIATED PENILE INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

SQUAMOUS HYPERPLASIA VERSUS FLAT CONDYLOMAS

SQUAMOUS HYPERPLASIAS VERSUS DIFFERENTIATED PENILE INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

VERRUCOUS HYPERPLASIA VERSUS VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA

PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA VERSUS INVASIVE LOW-GRADE PAPILLARY CARCINOMAS

PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA VERSUS PSEUDOHYPERPLASTIC INVASIVE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF VERRUCIFORM TUMORS

Complex Verruciform Tumors

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMAS

HETEROGENEOUS VERSUS MIXED CARCINOMAS

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PENILE CARCINOMA

MOUSE MODEL IN PENILE CANCER

PROGNOSTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING REGIONAL NODAL METASTASIS AND OUTCOME

SIZE

ANATOMIC SITE

PATTERNS OF GROWTH

HISTOLOGIC GRADE

ANATOMIC LEVEL OF INVASION

DEPTH OF INVASION OR TUMOR THICKNESS

PERINEURAL INVASION

VASCULAR INVASION

FRONT OF INVASION

HISTOLOGIC SUBTYPES

KOILOCYTOSIS

POSITIVE MARGINS

URETHRAL INVASION

RISK FACTORS GROUPS

TUMOR SPREAD

Local

Regional

Systemic

OTHER RARE AND METASTATIC NEOPLASMS

HANDLING OF THE SPECIMEN

CIRCUMCISION

PENECTOMY—PARTIAL OR TOTAL

PATHOLOGY REPORT

SECTION X: Female Reproductive System and Peritoneum

49 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

OVERVIEW OF TROPHOBLASTIC SUBPOPULATIONS AND PATHOGENESIS OF TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA

HYDATIDIFORM MOLES

EPIDEMIOLOGY

GENETIC BASIS OF PATHOGENESIS

COMPLETE HYDATIDIFORM MOLE

PARTIAL HYDATIDIFORM MOLE

INVASIVE AND METASTATIC HYDATIDIFORM MOLES

ABNORMAL (NONMOLAR) VILLOUS LESIONS

EXAGGERATED PLACENTAL SITE

MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT

PLACENTAL SITE NODULE

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT

CHORIOCARCINOMA

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT

PLACENTAL SITE TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT

EPITHELIOID TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR

PATHOLOGIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BEHAVIOR AND TREATMENT

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY APPROACH FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

50 Placenta

INDICATIONS FOR PLACENTAL EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE FOR PLACENTAL GROSS EXAMINATION

GENERAL GROSS FEATURES OF PLACENTAS

UMBILICAL CORD

FETAL MEMBRANES

PLACENTAL DISC

MULTIPLE GESTATIONS

GENERAL MICROSCOPIC FEATURES OF PLACENTAS

CORD

FETAL MEMBRANES

PLACENTAL DISC

PLACENTAL FINDINGS IN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT MATERNAL AND FETAL CONDITIONS

INFLAMMATORY PATHOLOGIES

VASCULAR PATHOLOGIES

DEVELOPMENTAL PATHOLOGIES

MISCELLANEOUS PATHOLOGIES

FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION (INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION)

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

51 Vulva and Vagina

VULVA

NORMAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY

APPROACH TO SPECIMENS

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

CYSTS

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

MISCELLANEOUS BENIGN LESIONS

DEEP ANGIOMYXOMA, ANGIOMYOFIBROBLASTOMA, CELLULAR ANGIOFIBROMA, AND SUPERFICIAL MYOFIBROBLASTOMA

VULVAR SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION AND RELEVANT RELATED CONDITIONS

HPV-ASSOCIATED VULVAR SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

OTHER VULVAR CARCINOMAS

OTHER VULVAR NEOPLASMS

EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET DISEASE, HIDRADENOMA PAPILLIFERUM, AND SKIN APPENDAGE NEOPLASMS

VAGINA

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES INCLUDING THOSE CAUSED BY INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE TO DIETHYLSTILBESTROL

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

MISCELLANEOUS BENIGN CONDITIONS

PREMALIGNANT CONDITIONS AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

52 Cervix

SQUAMOUS LESIONS

BENIGN CERVICAL SQUAMOUS LESIONS

SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESIONS

MOLECULAR MARKERS

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

BENIGN ENDOCERVICAL GLANDULAR LESIONS

METAPLASIAS AND ECTOPIAS

ENDOCERVICAL GLANDULAR “HYPERPLASIAS”

REACTIVE AND INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS

MALIGNANT GLANDULAR LESIONS

ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU

INVASIVE ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA

OTHER EPITHELIAL TUMORS

CARCINOSARCOMA

ADENOSQUAMOUS AND MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMAS

ADENOID BASAL CARCINOMA

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

MÜLLERIAN PAPILLOMA

MIXED EPITHELIAL AND MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

ADENOMYOMA

ADENOSARCOMA

WILMS TUMOR

MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

OVERVIEW

SMOOTH MUSCLE NEOPLASMS

EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

HEMATOPOIETIC LESIONS

LYMPHOMAS AND LEUKEMIA

LYMPHOMA-LIKE LESION

MELANOCYTIC NEOPLASMS

BLUE NEVUS

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

METASTASIS

MISCELLANEOUS

ISOLATED VASCULITIS

PSAMMOMA BODIES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

53 Uterine Corpus: Epithelial Tumors

UTERINE SAMPLES

NORMAL CYCLING ENDOMETRIUM

PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM

INTERVAL ENDOMETRIUM

SECRETORY ENDOMETRIUM

MENSTRUAL ENDOMETRIUM

ENDOMETRIAL DATING AND EVALUATION FOR INFERTILITY

GESTATIONAL ENDOMETRIUM

ARIAS-STELLA REACTION

IMPLANTATION SITE REACTIONS AND PLACENTAL SITE NODULES

OTHER ENDOMETRIAL PATTERNS

ATROPHIC AND WEAKLY PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM

DISORDERED PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM

ENDOMETRIAL METAPLASIA

SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA

MUCINOUS METAPLASIA

CILIATED CELL (TUBAL) METAPLASIA

PAPILLARY SYNCYTIAL METAPLASIA (EOSINOPHILIC SYNCYTIAL CHANGE)

ENDOMETRIAL POLYP

ENDOMETRITIS

CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

XANTHOMATOUS ENDOMETRITIS

ACUTE ENDOMETRITIS

GRANULOMATOUS ENDOMETRITIS

ACTINOMYCES

IATROGENIC CHANGES

ESTROGENS AND ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS

PROGESTINS AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR MODULATORS

ESTROGEN-PROGESTIN COMBINATIONS

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES

UTERINE ABLATION

ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

NONATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA

ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA

ATYPICAL HYPERPLASIA VS. LOW-GRADE ENDOMETRIOID CARCINOMA

ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA

ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT

ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA HISTOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION

ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA STAGING

ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA ASSOCIATED WITH OVARIAN CARCINOMA

ANCILLARY TESTING

54 Uterine Corpus: Mesenchymal Tumors

NONNEOPLASTIC UTERINE MESENCHYMAL CONDITIONS

ADENOMYOSIS

CHANGES OF PREGNANCY

NEOPLASTIC UTERINE MESENCHYMAL CONDITIONS

SMOOTH MUSCLE NEOPLASMS

USUAL LEIOMYOMA

LEIOMYOMA VARIANTS

CONVENTIONAL (USUAL) LEIOMYOSARCOMA

LEIOMYOSARCOMA VARIANTS

UTERINE SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN MALIGNANT POTENTIAL

LEIOMYOMAS WITH UNUSUAL ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTION

PELVIC SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS

ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL TUMORS

STROMAL NODULE

LOW-GRADE ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL SARCOMA

HIGH-GRADE ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL SARCOMA

NTRK, PDGFB, AND OTHER FUSION UTERINE (FIBROSARCOMA-LIKE) SARCOMAS

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

SMARCA4-DEFICIENT UTERINE SARCOMA

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

UNDIFFERENTIATED UTERINE SARCOMA

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

UTERINE TUMOR RESEMBLING OVARIAN SEX CORD TUMOR

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

ALVEOLAR SOFT-PART SARCOMA

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

OTHER PURE SARCOMAS

DESCRIPTION

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION

OTHER UTERINE MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS

INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

PERIVASCULAR EPITHELIOID CELL TUMOR

LYMPHANGIOLEIOMYOMATOSIS

ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

ADENOMATOID TUMOR

MIXED MÜLLERIAN TUMORS

POLYPOID ADENOMYOMA

ATYPICAL POLYPOID ADENOMYOMA

ADENOSARCOMA

RARE AND UNUSUAL DISEASES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

55 Ovarian Epithelial–Stromal Tumors

GENERAL ASPECTS OF OVARIAN TUMOR DIAGNOSIS

EPITHELIAL-STROMAL TUMORS: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

HEREDITARY OVARIAN CANCER

SEROUS TUMORS

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MUCINOUS TUMORS

BENIGN TUMORS

BORDERLINE TUMORS

MALIGNANT TUMORS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MURAL NODULES

SEROMUCINOUS TUMORS

BENIGN TUMORS

BORDERLINE TUMORS

ENDOMETRIOID TUMORS

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

CARCINOSARCOMAS (MALIGNANT MESODERMAL MIXED TUMORS)

MESODERMAL (MÜLLERIAN) ADENOSARCOMAS

ENDOMETRIOID STROMAL SARCOMAS

CLEAR CELL TUMORS

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

BRENNER TUMORS

GENERAL FEATURES

GROSS FEATURES

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

SQUAMOUS CELL TUMORS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MIXED EPITHELIAL TUMORS

UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA, PULMONARY TYPE

NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA OF NON–SMALL CELL TYPE

MESONEPHRIC-LIKE CARCINOMA

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

56 Sex Cord-Stromal, Steroid Cell, and Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary

SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMORS

GRANULOSA CELL TUMORS

ADULT GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR

JUVENILE GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR

PURE STROMAL TUMORS

FIBROMA

CELLULAR, MITOTICALLY ACTIVE FIBROMA, AND FIBROSARCOMA

THECOMA

LUTEINIZED THECOMA ASSOCIATED WITH SCLEROSING PERITONITIS

STROMAL TUMORS WITH MINOR SEX CORD ELEMENTS

SCLEROSING STROMAL TUMOR

SIGNET-RING STROMAL TUMOR

MICROCYSTIC STROMAL TUMOR

SERTOLI AND SERTOLI-LEYDIG CELL TUMORS

SERTOLI CELL TUMORS

SERTOLI-LEYDIG CELL TUMORS

SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMOR OF MIXED FORMS (GYNANDROBLASTOMA)

SEX CORD TUMOR WITH ANNULAR TUBULES

UNCLASSIFIED SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMORS

STEROID CELL TUMORS

LEYDIG CELL TUMORS

STEROID CELL TUMOR, NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

GERM CELL TUMORS

DYSGERMINOMA

YOLK SAC TUMOR

POLYEMBRYOMA

EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA

CHORIOCARCINOMA AND OTHER TROPHOBLASTIC TUMORS

MALIGNANT MIXED GERM CELL TUMORS

MIXED GERM CELL-SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMORS

GONADOBLASTOMA

GERM CELL-SEX CORD-STROMAL TUMORS, NONGONADOBLASTOMA TYPE

57 Miscellaneous Primary Tumors, Secondary Tumors, and Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Ovary

MISCELLANEOUS PRIMARY TUMORS

MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

LYMPHOMA AND LEUKEMIC INVOLVEMENT

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA, HYPERCALCEMIC TYPE

TUMOR OF PROBABLE WOLFFIAN ORIGIN

TUMORS OF THE RETE OVARII

PARAGANGLIOMA

WILMS TUMOR

SOLID PSEUDOPAPILLARY NEOPLASM OF PANCREATIC TYPE

MELANOTIC XP11 TUMOR OF RENAL TYPE

ADENOMATOID TUMOR

MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA

INTRA-ABDOMINAL DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND-CELL TUMOR

SECONDARY TUMORS

KRUKENBERG TUMOR

GASTRIC CARCINOMA, INTESTINAL TYPE

INTESTINAL CARCINOMA

TUMORS OF THE APPENDIX

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS (CARCINOID TUMORS)

TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS

TUMORS OF THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND BILE DUCTS

BREAST CARCINOMA

LUNG CARCINOMA

TUMORS OF THE KIDNEYS AND ADRENAL GLANDS

TUMORS OF THE URINARY BLADDER, URACHUS, URETER, AND URETHRA

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS

MISCELLANEOUS OTHER OVARIAN METASTASES OF NONGENITAL ORIGIN

TUMORS OF THE UTERINE CORPUS, CERVIX, AND FALLOPIAN TUBE

NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS

ARTIFACTS AND NORMAL FINDINGS

INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

SURFACE PROLIFERATIVE LESIONS

FOLLICULAR LESIONS

STROMAL LESIONS

PREGNANCY-RELATED LESIONS

OVARIAN PREGNANCY

PROLIFERATIONS OF SEX CORD, LEYDIG, AND LEYDIG-LIKE CELLS

DISORDERS CAUSING OVARIAN FAILURE

CYTOTOXIC DRUG AND RADIATION EFFECTS

ECTOPIC TISSUES

CONGENITAL LESIONS

AMYLOIDOSIS

IDIOPATHIC CALCIFICATION

OVARIAN REMNANT SYNDROME

OVARIAN ARTERIAL EMBOLIZATION

58 Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament

NONNEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

SALPINGITIS

HEAT ARTIFACT

PREGNANCY-RELATED LESIONS

METAPLASIAS AND ECTOPIAS

HYPERPLASIA

TORSION, PROLAPSE, AND INTUSSUSCEPTION

NEOPLASMS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

BENIGN NEOPLASMS

MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

NEOPLASMS OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT

FEMALE ADNEXAL TUMOR OF PROBABLE WOLFFIAN ORIGIN

PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA

EPENDYMOMA

EPITHELIAL TUMORS OF MULLERIAN TYPE

MIXED EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

SOFT TISSUE TUMORS

OTHER RARE TUMORS

59 Peritoneum

INFLAMMATORY LESIONS

ACUTE PERITONITIS

GRANULOMATOUS PERITONITIS

NONGRANULOMATOUS HISTIOCYTIC LESIONS

PERITONEAL FIBROSIS

RARE TYPES OF PERITONITIS

TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS

MESOTHELIAL HYPERPLASIA

PERITONEAL INCLUSION CYSTS

CALCIFYING FIBROUS PSEUDOTUMOR

REACTIVE NODULAR FIBROUS PSEUDOTUMOR

SPLENOSIS

TROPHOBLASTIC IMPLANTS

MELANOSIS

PERITONEAL KERATIN GRANULOMAS

INFARCTED APPENDIX EPIPLOICA

CARTILAGINOUS METAPLASIA

MESOTHELIAL NEOPLASMS

ADENOMATOID TUMOR

WELL-DIFFERENTIATED PAPILLARY MESOTHELIOMA

MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MISCELLANEOUS PRIMARY TUMORS

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

INTRAABDOMINAL DESMOPLASTIC SMALL ROUND CELL TUMOR

MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMORS

INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

OMENTAL-MESENTERIC MYXOID HAMARTOMA

METASTATIC TUMORS

LESIONS OF THE SECONDARY MÜLLERIAN SYSTEM

ENDOMETRIOSIS

PERITONEAL ENDOMETRIOID LESIONS OTHER THAN ENDOMETRIOSIS

PERITONEAL SEROUS LESIONS

PERITONEAL MUCINOUS LESIONS

PERITONEAL TRANSITIONAL, SQUAMOUS, AND CLEAR CELL LESIONS

PERITONEAL DECIDUA

PERITONEAL LEIOMYOMATOSIS

RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODE LESIONS

Index

 

An aparitie	12 May 2022
Autor	Teri A. Longacre M.D.
Dimensiuni	22 x 11.4 x 28.4 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781975150723
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	3157
Versiune digitala	DA