Manual of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Emergencies: Volume 1

Description:

Based on the highly regarded Walls Manual of Emergency Airway Management and part of the Manual of Emergency Medicine series envisioned by leading authority in emergency medicine, Dr. Ron M. Walls, Manual of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Emergencies provides evidence-based, easy-to-read coverage of these commonly seen emergencies. Through the direction and expertise of lead editor Dr. Daniel J. Egan and associate editors Drs. Gareth M.C. Lema, Di (Fan) Coneybeare, and Marita S. Teng, this reference is a practical guide to approaching the patient with an EENT complaint in a systematic way, providing a hands-on framework for clinical decision making and therapeutic interventions. 

 

Table of Contents:

 

PART 1: ENT

SECTION 1: Principles of Urgent and Emergent Otorhinolaryngology

1. ENT Anatomy

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

The Scalp

The Paranasal Sinuses

The Facial Nerve

The Ear

The Nose

The Mouth and Pharynx

The Larynx

The Neck

2. Examination of the Ears, Nose, and Throat

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

General Appearance

Head and Facies

Ears

Nose

Nasopharynx

Oral Cavity

Oropharynx

Larynx and Hypopharynx

Neck

Neurologic and Cranial Nerve Exam

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

SUMMARY

3. Communication With ENT Consultants

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

The Consultation Question and Communication

Systems Considerations, Capability of ENT Consultants, and Telemedicine

SECTION 2: The Ear and Vestibular System

4. Infections of the Ear: Otitis Media and Externa, Mastoiditis

INTRODUCTION

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Otitis Media

MASTOIDITIS

Otitis Externa

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Otitis Media

Mastoiditis

Otitis Externa

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Acute Otitis Media

Mastoiditis

Otitis Externa

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Acute Otitis Media

Mastoiditis

Acute Otitis Externa

5. External Ear: Perichondritis, Lacerations, Auricular Hematoma

INTRODUCTION

CLINICAL CHALLENGES

Perichondritis

Ear Laceration and Auricular Hematoma

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Perichondritis

Auricular Hematoma and Laceration

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Perichondritis

Auricular Hematoma and Laceration

MANAGEMENT

Analgesia

Auricular Laceration

Auricular Avulsions (Near Total and Total)

Auricular Hematoma

Perichondritis

6. Sudden Hearing Loss

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

History

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

7. Acute Vertigo

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Approach/The Focused Exam

Triage

Timing and Triggers

Targeted Examination + Tests

8. Tympanic Membrane Perforation: Traumatic, Infectious

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Traumatic Perforation

Infectious Perforation

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Traumatic Perforation

Infectious Perforation

9. Facial Paralysis

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

FACIAL NERVE ANATOMY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT OF BP

Steroids

Antivirals

Eye Care

Surgical Decompression

Labs and Imaging in the ED

Referral From the ED

SECTION 3: The Nose

10. Epistaxis

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

11. Rhinitis, Sinusitis, Including Orbital and Cranial Complications, Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis

INTRODUCTION

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Rhinitis

Rhinosinusitis

Orbital and Intracranial Complications

Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis

SECTION 4: Common Head and Neck Infections

12. Sialolithiasis/Sialadenitis

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Diagnostics

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Management

13. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis/Peritonsillar Abscess

INTRODUCTION

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

14. Deep Space Neck Infections: Retropharyngeal Abscess, Ludwig Angina, Lemierre Syndrome

INTRODUCTION

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Ludwig Angina

Lemierre Syndrome

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Ludwig Angina

Lemierre Syndrome

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Ludwig Angina

Lemierre Syndrome

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Ludwig Angina

Lemierre Syndrome

MANAGEMENT

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Ludwig Angina

Lemierre Syndrome

SECTION 5: Airway Emergencies

15. Angioedema

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Histamine Mediated Angioedema (HMA)

Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema (BMA)

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Assessing Patient Stability

Medical History and Physical Exam

Laboratory Testing

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Airway Management

Medical Management

16. Epiglottitis

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Croup

Bacterial Tracheitis

Foreign Body Ingestion

Thermal or Chemical Injury

Retropharyngeal Abscess (RPA)

Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA)

MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

17. Tracheostomy Emergencies

INTRODUCTION

RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE CRASHING TRACHEOSTOMY PATIENT

TRACHEOSTOMY COMPLICATIONS

TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE DISLODGEMENT

TRACHEOSTOMY BLEEDING

Differential Diagnosis

Management

TRACHEOSTOMY OBSTRUCTION

Differential Diagnosis

Management

TRACHEOSTOMY INFECTION

TRACHEOMALACIA

18. Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage/Pain

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage

Posttonsillectomy Pain

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Approach/The Focused Exam

Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage

Posttonsillectomy Pain

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage

Posttonsillectomy Pain

MANAGEMENT

Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage

Posttonsillectomy Pain

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

SECTION 6: Trauma

19. Nasal Trauma: Fractures, Septal Hematoma

INTRODUCTION

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY

Nasal Fractures

Septal Hematoma

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Septal Hematoma

DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Nasal Bone Fractures

Septal Hematoma

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

20. Facial Trauma: Frontal Sinus, Maxillary and Mandibular Fractures, Dental Injuries

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Frontal and Maxillary Sinus Fractures

Le Fort Fractures

Zygomaticomaxillary Fractures

Mandibular Fractures

Traumatic Dental Injuries

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

21. Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea, Rhinorrhea, and Temporal Bone Fractures

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Elevated Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and Spontaneous CSF Leaks

Traumatic CSF Leaks, Anterior Skull Base, and Temporal Bone Fractures

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Otologic and Temporal Bone Examination

Rhinologic Examination

Biochemical Markers

Imaging

Temporal Bone Fracture Imaging

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

CSF Rhinorrhea

CSF Otorrhea

Temporal Bone Fractures

22. Penetrating Neck Injuries

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Anatomy

Approach/The Focused Exam

Airway

Vascular

Neurologic

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INJURY BY ZONE

Zone I

Zone II

Zone III

Face and Parotid Region

MANAGEMENT

Esophageal Injury

Laryngeal Injury

23. Foreign Bodies of the Ears, Nose, and Throat

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

EAR FOREIGN BODIES

Approach and Management

Pediatric Issues

EARLOBE FOREIGN BODIES

NASAL FOREIGN BODIES

Approach and Management

PHARYNGEAL FOREIGN BODIES

Approach and Management

AIRWAY FOREIGN BODIES

ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODIES

Pediatric Issues

PART 2: OPHTHALMOLOGY

SECTION 1: Principles of Urgent and Emergent Ophthalmology

24. Anatomy of the Eye

ORBITAL AND OCULAR ANATOMY

Osteology

Extraocular Muscles

Innervation

Vascular System

Apex and Cavernous Sinus

Eyelids

Lacrimal System

The Globe

25. Evaluation of Ocular Emergencies

The Clinical Challenge

Patient History

Chief Complaint

History of Present Illness

Medications and Allergies

Past Ocular History

Nonocular History

EXAMINATION OF THE EYE

Visual Acuity

External Eye Examination

Ocular Motility

Visual Fields

Pupils

Intraocular Pressure

Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy

Slit-Lamp Microscope

Ophthalmoscopy

Pediatric Patient Considerations

26. Ocular Imaging

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

RADIOGRAPHY (X-RAY)

ULTRASOUND (B-SCAN)

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

ANGIOGRAPHY

FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY

27. Communication with Ophthalmology Consultants and Telehealth

Background on Tele-ophthalmology

Communicating With Your Ophthalmology Consultant on the Telemedicine Platform

SECTION 2: Orbit

28. Orbital Trauma

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC CONCERNS

29. Orbital Tumors

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Approach/The Focused Exam

Proptosis

Pain

Progression

Pulsatility

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

30. Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis

CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Preseptal Cellulitis

Orbital Cellulitis

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Preseptal Cellulitis

Orbital Cellulitis

Pediatric Issues

SECTION 3: Eyelids

31. Eyelid Lacerations

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

32. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Keratitis, Uveitis, and Trabeculitis

Retinal Necrosis

Postherpetic Neuralgia

Vaccination

33. Eyelid Lesions

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM

Pathophysiology

Approach/The Focused Exam

Differential Diagnosis

Management

CHALAZION/HORDEOLUM

Pathophysiology

Approach/The Focused Exam

Differential Diagnosis

Management

Pyogenic Granuloma

Pathophysiology

Approach/The Focused Exam

Differential Diagnosis

Management

34. Ptosis

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Aponeurotic Ptosis

Traumatic (Mechanical) Ptosis

Neurogenic Ptosis

Neuromuscular Junction Ptosis

SECTION 4: Ocular Surface

35. Corneal Trauma: Abrasions, Lacerations, Foreign Bodies, Burns, and Contact Lenses

INTRODUCTION

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

MANAGEMENT

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

EMERGENT EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

36. The Red Eye: Keratitis, Conjunctivitis, Episcleritis, Scleritis, Pterygium/Pinguecula

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Conjunctivitis

Keratitis

Episcleritis

Scleritis

Pinguecula and Pterygium

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Conjunctivitis

Keratitis

Episcleritis

Scleritis

Pinguecula and Pterygium

37. The Pediatric Red Eye: Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Conjunctivitis, and Uveitis

INTRODUCTION

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Conjunctivitis

Uveitis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Conjunctivitis

Uveitis

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

MANAGEMENT

Conjunctivitis

Uveitis

SECTION 5: Anterior Segment

38. Anterior Uveitis, Hypopyon, and Hyphema

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Anterior Uveitis and Hypopyon

Hyphema

Approach/THE Focused Exam

Anterior Uveitis and Hypopyon

Hyphema

Differential Diagnosis

Anterior Uveitis and Hypopyon

Hyphema

Management

Anterior Uveitis and Hypopyon

Hyphema

39. Lens Dislocation

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Pathophysiology

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

40. Leukocoria

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

RETINOBLASTOMA

PEDIATRIC CATARACT

COATS DISEASE

PERSISTENT FETAL VASCULATURE

VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE

OCULAR TOXOCARIASIS (OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS)

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY

RETINAL DYSPLASIA

FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY (FEVR)

OTHER

MANAGEMENT

SECTION 6: Posterior Segment

41. Vascular Retinopathies

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Transient Monocular Vision Loss (TMVL)

Retinal Artery Occlusion (RAO)

Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)

Hypertensive Retinopathy

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Transient Monocular Vision Loss

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Retinal Vein Occlusion

Hypertensive Retinopathy

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

Transient Monocular Vision Loss

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Retinal Vein Occlusion

Hypertensive Retinopathy

42. Vitreous Detachment, Retinal Tear, and Retinal Detachment

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Pathophysiology

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

43. Infectious and Inflammatory Retinal Diseases

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Infectious Retinal Inflammatory Syndromes

Noninfectious Retinal Inflammatory Syndromes

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

MANAGEMENT

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

44. Nonaccidental Trauma

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Ocular and Orbital Injuries Associated With Abuse

Approach/The Focused Exam

Vitreoretinal Findings in AHT

Pathogenesis and Significance of RH

Visual Outcomes

Postmortem Findings

45. Blunt Trauma and Open Globes

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

History and Presentation

Physical Examination

Ancillary Imaging

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

SECTION 7: Glaucoma

46. Open Angle and Traumatic Glaucoma

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Open angle Glaucoma

Traumatic Glaucoma

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

PREGNANCY AND PEDIATRICS

47. Angle Closure Glaucoma

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Pathophysiology

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

SECTION 8: Neuro-ophthalmology

48. Pupils

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Anisocoria

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND ASSOCIATED MANAGEMENT

When the Abnormal Pupil Is Small

When the Abnormal Pupil Is Large

49. Diplopia

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

History

External Eye Exam

Pupil Exam

Ocular Motility

Ocular Alignment

Anterior Segment Exam

Cranial Nerve Testing

Posterior Segment Exam

Laboratory Testing

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

50. Optic Neuropathies: Ischemic, Inflammatory, Infectious, or Compressive

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Infectious Optic Neuropathy

Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy

Compressive Optic Neuropathy

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Infectious Optic Neuropathy

Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy

Compressive Optic Neuropathy

MANAGEMENT

Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Infectious Optic Neuropathy

Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy

Compressive Optic Neuropathy

PEDIATRIC ISSUES

51. Papilledema

THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

APPROACH/THE FOCUSED EXAM

VISUALIZATION OF THE OPTIC NERVE

Direct Ophthalmoscopy

Nonmydriatic Fundus Camera

Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Neuroimaging

Lumbar Puncture/CSF Analysis

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Papilledema Secondary to Increased Intracranial Volume

Papilledema Secondary to Obstruction of Cerebral Venous Drainage

Papilledema Secondary to Infection

Papilledema in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

MANAGEMENT

IIH Management

Index

 

An aparitie	01/11/2022
Autor	Daniel Egan, Gareth Lema MD, PhD, Di Coneybeare MD, Marita Teng MD
Dimensiuni	178 x 254 mm
Editura	Elsevier
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781975183547
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	432
Versiune digitala	DA