Imaging Brain Diseases

Description:

This book illustrates in a unique way the most common diseases affecting the human nervous system using different imaging modalities derived from radiology, nuclear medicine, and neuropathology. The features of the diseases are visualized on computerized tomography (CT)-scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans, nuclear medicine scans, surgical intraoperative as well as gross-anatomy and histology preparations. For each disease entity, the structural changes are illustrated in a correlative comparative way based on the various imaging techniques. The brain diseases are presented in a systematic way allowing the reader to easily find the topics in which she or he is particularly interested. In Part 1 of the book, the imaging techniques are described in a practical, straightforward way. The morphological built-up of the normal human brain and its vascular supply are presented in Part 2. The chapters of the subsequent Parts 3 to 10 deal with the following diseases involving the nervous system including: hemodynamic, vascular, infectious, neurodegenerative, demyelination, epilepsy, trauma and intoxication, and tumors. The authors incite the clinician to see the cell, the tissue, the organ, the disorder by enabling him to recognize brain lesions or interpreting histologic findings and to correlate this knowledge with molecular biologic concepts. Thus, this book bridges the gap between neuro-clinicians, neuro-imagers and neuro-pathologists. The information provided will facilitate the understanding of the disease processes in the daily routine work of neurologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and all allied clinical disciplines.

1. Imaging Modalities: Neuroradiology

2. Imaging Modalities: Nuclear Medicine

3. Imaging Modalities: Neuropathology

Part II. The Normal Human Brain

4. Subdivisions of the Nervous System

5. Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System

6. Ventricular System: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)—Barriers

7. Meninges

8. Arterial Supply of the Brain

9. Venous Drainage of the Brain

10. Histological Constituents of the Nervous System

11. Microscopical Buildup of the Nervous System

12. Functional Systems

13. Neurotransmitter Systems

14. Localization of Brain Function

Part III. The Brain Diseases: Edema and Hydrocephalus

15. Brain Edema: Intracranial Pressure—Herniation

16. Hydrocephalus

Part IV. The Brain Diseases: Vascular system

17. Vascular Disorders: Hypoxia

18. Vascular Disorders: Ischemia–Infarction–Stroke

19. Vascular Disorders: Hemorrhage

20. Vascular Disorders: Arteriosclerosis

21. Vascular Disorders: Aneurysms

22. Vascular Disorders: Malformations

23. Vascular Disorders: Angiopathies

24. Vascular Disorders: Vasculitis

Part V. The Brain Diseases: Infections

25. Infections: Bacteria

26. Infections: Viruses

27. Infections: Parasites

28. Infections: Fungi

29. Prion Encephalopathies

Part VI. The Brain Diseases: Aging and Neurodegeneration

30. Neurodegeneration: General Aspects

31. Normal Aging Brain

32. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer Disease (AD)

33. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lewy Body Dementia

34. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Fronto-temporal Lobar Degeneration

35. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)–Cortico-Basal Degeneration (CBD)

36. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Vascular Dementia

37. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Parkinson Disease

38. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)

39. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Motor Neuron Diseases

40. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Huntington Disease

Part VII. The Brain Diseases: Myelin Disorders

41. Demyelinating Diseases: Multiple Sclerosis

42. Demyelinating Diseases: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

43. Demyelinating Diseases: Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Part VIII. The Brain Diseases: The Epilepsies

44. Epilepsies: General Aspects

45. Epilepsies: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

46. Epilepsies: Malformations of Cortical Development—Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD)

47. Epilepsies: Malformations of Cortical Development—Heterotopia

Part IX. The Brain Diseases: Trauma and Intoxication

48. Trauma

49. Intoxication: Alcohol

50. Intoxication: Street Drugs

Part X. The Brain Diseases: Tumors

51. Tumors of the Nervous System: General Considerations

52. Diffuse Astrocytoma WHO Grade II

53. Anaplastic Astrocytoma WHO Grade III

54. Glioblastoma

55. Gliosarcoma WHO Grade IV-Giant Cell Glioblastoma WHO Grade IV

56. Gliomatosis Cerebri

57. Pilocytic Astrocytoma WHO Grade I

58. Oligodendroglioma WHO Grade II-​Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma WHO Grade III

59. Oligo-astrocytoma WHO Grade II-​Anaplastic Oligo-astrocytoma WHO Grade III

60. Ependymal Tumors

61. Choroid Plexus Tumors

62. Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNT)

63. Desmoplastic (Infantile) Astrocytoma/Ganglioglioma (DIA/DIG)

64. Ganglioglioma/Gangliocytoma

65. Neurocytoma: Central—Extraventricular

66. Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor (RGNT)

67. Pineal Parenchymal Tumors

68. Medulloblastoma

69. Embryonal Tumors: Other CNS Embryonal Tumors

70. Embryonal Tumors: Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT)

71. Tumors of the Peripheral Nervous System

72. Tumors of Meningothelial Cells: Meningiomas

73. Tumors of the Sellar Region

74. Tumors of the Pituitary Gland

75. Cystic Lesions

76. Germ Cell Tumors

77. Lymphomas

78. Histiocytic Tumors

79. Soft Tissue Tumors: Mesenchymal, Non-meningothelial Tumors

80. Bone Tumors

81. Metastatic Tumors

82. Therapy-Induced Lesions

83. Tumor Progression–Pseudoprogression

84. Autoimmune Encephalitis: Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Back Matter