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Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Diabetes Mellitus
Overview
Origins, Symptoms, and Signs
Pathophysiology through Experimentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Lessons from the History of Diabetes
Summary
Chapter 2 Endocrine Function of the Pancreas
Overview
Synthesis and Secretion of Insulin
The Brain, Glucose, and Insulin
Secretion of Glucagon
Secretion of Somatostatin
Counter-Regulatory
Summary
Chapter 3 Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Overview
Role of Insulin in Metabolism
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Epidemiology
Rising Incidence
Risk Factors
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Epidemiology
Rising Incidence
Risk Factors
Gestational Diabetes
Summary
Chapter 4 The Epidemic and Prevalence of Diabetes in the United States
Overview
Distribution of Diabetes by Gender and Age
Deaths Attributable to Diabetes
Disability Adjusted Life Years for Diabetes
Burden of Diabetes in the United States
Mortality from Diabetes in the United States
Population-Based Models of Diabetes
Summary
Chapter 5 Epidemiology of Diet and Diabetes Mellitus
Overview
Carbohydrates and Fiber
Fats
Protein
Alcohol
Nutritional Intervention
Summary
Chapter 6 The Health Impact of Diabetes
Overview
Microvascular Complications of Diabetes
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic Neuropathy
Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes
Cardiovascular System
Peripheral Nervous System
Metabolic Syndrome
Summary
Chapter 7 Type 1 Diabetes
Overview
Genetics
Environmental Factors
Ethnic Disparities
Obesity
Birth Weight
Treatment
Summary
Chapter 8 Type 2 Diabetes
Overview
Risk Factors
Genetics
Obesity
Dietary Factors
Ethnic Disparities
Children and Adolescents
Double Diabetes
Economic Impact
Prevention
Summary
Chapter 9 Diagnosis
Overview
Fasting Plasma Glucose Tolerance Test
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Random Plasma Glucose Test
Glycated Hemoglobin A1c Test (HbA1c)
Kronus ZnT8Ab Elisa Assay
Screening for Diabetes
Screening for Complications
Summary
Chapter 10 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Overview
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Summary
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