Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches

Description:

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and continues to increase in prevalence in almost all countries in which it has been studied, including developed and developing countries around the globe. The causes of obesity are complex and multi-factorial. Childhood obesity becomes a life-long problem in most cases and is associated with long term chronic disease risk for a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as psychosocial as issues and obesity seems to affect almost every organ system in the body. In recent years there has been tremendous progress in the understanding of this problem and in strategies for prevention and treatment in the pediatric years. Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches presents current reviews on the complex problem of obesity from the multi-level causes throughout early life before adulthood and the implications for this for long-term disease risk. It reviews numerous types of strategies that have been used to address this issue from conventional clinical management to global policy strategies attempting to modify the global landscape of food, nutrition, and physical activity. Each chapter is written by a global authority in his or her respective field with a focus on reviewing the current status and recent developments. The book features information on contributing factors to obesity, including developmental origins, social/family, birth cohort studies, influence of ethnicity, and global perspectives. It takes a life-course approach to the subject matter and includes exhaustive treatment of contributing factors to childhood obesity, such as assessment, environmental factors, nutrition and dietary factors, host factors, interventions and treatment, consequences, and further action for future prevention. This broad range of topics relevant to the rapidly changing field of childhood obesity is suitable for students, health care professionals, physicians, and researchers.

Table of Contents:

SECTION I Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity in Different Populations

Chapter 1 Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity and Associated Risk Factors: An Overview

Chapter 2 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity

Chapter 3 Global Perspectives of Childhood Obesity: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Prevention

Chapter 4 Economic Considerations in Childhood Obesity

Chapter 5 Assessment of Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

SECTION II Nutritional Factors Contributing to Childhood Obesity

Chapter 6 The Influence of Daily Eating Patterns on Weight Status: A Review of the Evidence on Breakfast Consumption, Snacking, and Eating Frequency

Chapter 7 Portion Sizes in Childhood Obesity

Chapter 8 Role of Satiety Responsiveness in Childhood Obesity

Chapter 9 Food Reward and Appetite Regulation in Children

Chapter 10 Food Reinforcement and Childhood Obesity

Chapter 11 Breast-Feeding and Infant Obesity

SECTION III Individual and Environmental Factors Contributing to and/or Associated with Childhood Obesity

Chapter 12 Prenatal Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity

Chapter 13 Genetics of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 14 Childhood Obesity: Epigenetic Factors

Chapter 15 Parent- and Family-Level Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity

Chapter 16 Social Networks and Childhood Obesity

Chapter 17 Role of the Built Environment in Childhood Obesity

Chapter 18 The Influence of Stress on Obesity Development in Children

Chapter 19 Early Toxicant Exposures and the Development of Obesity in Childhood

Chapter 20 Impact of Environmental Obesogens: Focus on Mechanisms Linking to Childhood Obesity

Chapter 21 Potential Role of the Microbiome in the Development of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 22 Adipose Tissue Development

SECTION IV Behavioral and Metabolic Consequences of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 23 Self-Esteem and Health-Related Quality of Life in Childhood Obesity

Chapter 24 Childhood Obesity: Implications for Neurocognitive Functioning

Chapter 25 Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in Pediatric Populations

Chapter 26 Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk

Chapter 27 Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Emerging Therapeutics

Chapter 28 Sleep Outcomes and Childhood Obesity

SECTION V Treatment and Prevention of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 29 Family-Based Behavioral Treatment for Childhood Obesity

Chapter 30 Advances in Pharmacological Treatment of Pediatric Obesity

Chapter 31 Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Obesity

Chapter 32 Physical Activity Interventions for Treatment and Prevention of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 33 Life Course Approach to the Prevention of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 34 Early-Life Interventions for Childhood Obesity Prevention

Chapter 35 Home/Family-Based Strategies for Prevention of Obesity in Infancy and Early Childhood

Chapter 36 Community and School-Based Interventions for Childhood Obesity

Chapter 37 Targeting Reduction in Consumption of Added Sugars for Addressing Childhood Obesity: Translating Research to Clinical Practice

Chapter 38 Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Children and Youth

Chapter 39 Use of Mobile Health Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity

Chapter 40 Complementary and Integrative Health Strategies for Addressing Childhood Obesity

SECTION VI Public Health and Policy Based Interventions

Chapter 41 Food Advertising and Marketing Issues Relevant to Childhood Obesity

Chapter 42 Connecting the Dots: Translating Systems Thinking into Innovative Solutions for Childhood Obesity

Chapter 43 Food Policy for Childhood Obesity Prevention: A Global Perspective

Index