An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Sixth Edition

 

Description:

The market-leading text, An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Sixth Edition provides an updated, integrated presentation of the study of hormone-behavior-brain interactions. Maintaining a comparative approach, the text explores the endocrine mechanisms that have evolved in both human and nonhuman animals to solve common problems in survival and reproduction.The text describes interactions among hormones, brain, and behavior from a historical perspective, emphasizing connections among key theories and tracing the emergence of important hypotheses. The book is organized around the conceptual theme that hormones affect behavior by influencing one or more of three "components" of behaving animals--input mechanisms (such as sensory or perceptual processes), the central processing mechanisms of the nervous system (either directly, or by affecting its development or structure), and output mechanisms (such as effectors or peripheral structures). Despite increased coverage of molecular and cellular approaches, the book strives for accessibility for non-biological science students.An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, Sixth Edition, is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology, biology, anthropology, or zoology. It contains several important pedagogical features:*Learning objectives are set out at the beginning of each chapter and now include 3 multiple choice questions per objective in the enhanced ebook.*Learning Activity in each chapter (new to this edition)*Key terms are defined in the margins throughout the text.*The text is richly illustrated with color photographs and drawings.*Chapter-end summaries restate important points.*Discussion questions and suggested further readings are also included in each chapter.*The text contains nearly 2,400 references to the literature in behavioral endocrinology.RESOURCESFor StudentsAs with previous editions, the book is accompanied by animations, video, web links, sound files, a complete glossary, and graphics--accessible via Oxford Learning Link--to aid in understanding the material in the text.This edition will also include an enhanced ebook.For Instructors-The Instructor's Resource Library includes electronic versions of all the textbook's figures and tables. All images are provided as both high- and low-resolution JPEGs, formatted and optimized for excellent legibility when projected. All figures and tables are also provided in ready-to-use PowerPoint presentations.-The Test Bank includes multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay questions for each chapter of the textbook. Prepared by the author, these questions are a helpful resource that can greatly speed the process of preparing exams and quizzes for the course.

 

Table of Contents:

 

CHAPTER 1 The Study of Behavioral Endocrinology

1.1 Historical Roots of Behavioral Endocrinology

Berthold’s Experiment

1.2 What Are Hormones?

1.3 The Study of Behavior

Problems of Behavioral Research

What Can Be Learned from Studying Nonhuman Animal Models

1.4 How Might Hormones Affect Behavior?

1.5 How Might Behavior Affect Hormones?

1.6 Classes of Evidence for Determining Hormone-Behavior Interactions

1.7 Common Techniques in Behavioral Endocrinology

Ablation and Replacement

Immunoassays

Immunocytochemistry

Blot Tests

In Situ Hybridization

Pharmacological Techniques

Brain Imaging

Genetic Manipulations

Gene Silencing

Viral and Plasmid Gene Transfection

Gene Arrays and RNA Sequencing

Electrical Recording, Stimulation, and Optogenetics

A Case Study: Effects of Kisspeptin on Behavior

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 2 The Endocrine System

2.1 Chemical Communication

2.2 General Features of the Endocrine System

2.3 The Major Vertebrate Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

Protein and Peptide Hormones

Hypothalamic Hormones

Rfamide Peptides

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones

Parathyroid and C-Cell Hormones

Pancreatic Hormones

Gastrointestinal Hormones

Adrenal Hormones

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal cortex

Pineal Hormones

Gonadal Hormones

Testes

Ovaries

Placental Hormones

Adipokine Hormones

Steroid Hormones

C21 Steroids: Progestins and Corticoids

C19 Steroids: Androgens

C18 Steroids: Estrogens

Neurosteroids

A Cautionary Aside

Monoamine Hormones

Adrenal Medullary Monoamine Hormones

Pineal Gland Hormones

Lipid-Based Hormones

2.4 How Hormones Are Regulated

2.5 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hormone Action

Hormone Receptor Types

Steroid Receptors

Protein and Peptide Hormone Receptors

Transcription, Translation, and Posttranslational Events

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 3 Sex Differences in Behavior: Sex Determination and Differentiation

3.1 Sex Determination and Differentiation

Ultimate Causes of Sex Differences

Proximate Causes of Sex Differences

3.2 Mammalian Sexual Differentiation

Atypical Mammalian Sexual Differentiation

DSD in Females

DSD in Males

Trisomy

3.3 Sexual Differentiation in Birds

3.4 Environmental Sex Determination in Reptiles and Fishes

3.5 Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Male Polymorphism

3.6 The Effects of Hormones on Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors

The Organizational/Activational Hypothesis

Sexual Differentiation and Behavior

Early Effects of Androgens Mediated by Activational Effects of Sex Steroids

Epigenetic Influences on Sexual Differentiation

Environmental Influences on Mammalian Sexual Differentiation of the Nervous System

Effects of the Intrauterine Environment

Effects of Maternal Care

Environmental Endocrine Disruptors

3.7 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 4 Sex Differences in Behavior: Animal Models and Humans

4.1 Why Study Sex Differences?

4.2 Neural Bases of Mammalian Sex Differences

4.3 Molecular Sex Differences in the Brain

4.4 Animal Models for Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors

Birdsong

Neural Bases of Sex Differences in Birdsong

Hormonal Influences on Song Control Centers

Courtship Behavior of the Plainfin Midshipman Fish

Rough-and-Tumble Play in Primates

4.5 Sex Differences in Human Behavior

Gender Role

Gender Identity

Sexual Orientation

4.6 Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities

Sensory Processing

Pain

Olfaction

Taste

Audition

Vision

Lateralization of Cognitive Function

Verbal Skills

Mathematical Reasoning and Visuospatial Abilities

4.7 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 5 Male Reproductive Behavior

5.1 The Proximate Bases of Male Sexual Behavior

5.2 Historical Origins of Research on Male Sexual Behavior

5.3 Male Sexual Behavior in Rodents

Male Mating Behavior in Rats: A Description

Hormonal Correlates of Male Mating Behavior in Rodents

Brain Mechanisms of Male Rodent Mating Behavior

The Preoptic Area

The Chemosensory System

The Role of the Amygdala

Electrical/Optogenetic Stimulation and Recording Studies

Implant Studies

Autoradiographic and Immunocytochemical Studies

The Role of Neurotransmitters

Gene Manipulation Studies

Social Influences on Male Rodent Mating Behavior

Individual Differences in Male Rodent Mating Behavior

5.4 Male Sexual Behavior in Primates

The Strength of the Sex Drive in Human Males

Human Male Sexual Behavior: A Description

Nonhuman Primate Male Sexual Behavior: A Description

Hormonal Correlates of Primate Male Sexual Behavior

Treatment of Paraphilias

Nonhuman Primate Studies

Brain Mechanisms of Primate Male Sexual Behavior

Social Influences on Men’s Sexual Behavior

Individual Variation and Effects of Aging on Male Sexual Behavior

Peptide Hormones and Male Sexual Behavior

5.5 Male Reproductive Behavior in Birds

5.6 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 6 Female Reproductive Behavior

6.1 Early Discoveries about Female Sexual Behavior

The Development of the Vaginal Cytological Assay

Research in the Twentieth Century

6.2 Mammalian Female Mating Behavior: A Description

Rodents

Canines

Primates

6.3 Are Females Active Participants in Sexual Behavior?

6.4 Components of Female Sexual Behavior

Attractivity

Proceptivity

Receptivity

Female Control of Copulation

Female Pacing of Copulation

6.5 Female Reproductive Cycles

Types of Reproductive Cycles

The Ecology of Reproductive Cycles

Social and Environmental Effects on Reproductive Cycles

The Role of Pheromones

Environmental Effects

6.6 Experimental Analyses of Female Sexual Behavior

Hormonal Correlates of Female Reproductive Cycles

The Ovarian Cycle in Rodents

The Ovarian Cycle in Primates

The Ovarian Cycle in Ewes

Mechanisms Underlying Sex Differences in Reproductive Axis Control

Neural Mechanisms Mediating Female Sexual Behavior

Gene Knockouts

A Neural Model of Lordosis

Spinal Cord Module

Lower Brain Stem Module

Midbrain Module

Hypothalamic Module

Forebrain Module

6.7 Neural Mechanisms Underlying Primate Sexual Behaviors

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 7 Parental Behavior

7.1 Parental Investment Theory

7.2 Sex Differences in Parental Behavior

7.3 Parental Behavior in Birds

Endocrine Correlates of Avian Parental Behavior

Avian Maternal Behavior

Avian Paternal Behavior

Neural Regions Associated With Avian Parental Behavior

7.4 Parental Behavior in Mammals

Mammalian Maternal Behavior

Mammalian Paternal Behavior

Endocrine Correlates of Mammalian Parental Behavior

Sensitization, or PUP Induction

Motivation and Maternal Behavior

Experiential Influences on Maternal Behavior

The Onset of Maternal Behavior

Maternal Aggression

Maintenance and Termination of Maternal Behavior

Endocrine Correlates of Primate Parental Behavior

Maternal Behavior in Humans

Paternal Behavior in Humans

Neural Changes Associated with Mammalian Parental Behavior

Maternal Behavior

Paternal Behavior

7.5 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 8 Hormones and Social Behavior

Affiliation

8.1 Imaging Studies of Humans

8.2 Adaptive Function of Affiliation

8.3 Hormones and Affiliation

8.4 Evolutionary Basis for Social Effects of the Nonapeptides

8.5 Opioids and Affiliation

Aggression

8.6 Seasonal Changes in Aggression

Aggression and the Breeding Cycle: Red Deer

Aggression and Winter Survival: Birds

Aggression and Winter Survival: Rodents

Do Seasonal Hormonal Changes in Primates Correlate with Aggression?

8.7 Pubertal Changes in Aggression

Social Influences on the Development of Aggressive Behavior

The Timing of Puberty: Birds

8.8 Sex Differences in Aggressive Behavior

Organization and Activation of Aggression: Mice

Play Behavior: Primates

8.9 Individual Differences in Aggression

Hormones and Behavior

8.10 Social Experience Feeds Back to Influence Hormone Concentrations

The Challenge Hypothesis: Birds

Conditioned Social Defeat

Hormones, Competition, and Violent Behavior: Humans

8.11 Physiological Mechanisms Mediating Hormonal Effects on Aggressive Behaviors

Brain Regions Associated with Aggression

Brain Steroid Hormone Receptors

Estrogen Receptors

Androgen Receptors

Serotonin

Vasopressin

8.12 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPER 9 Homeostasis and Behavior

9.1 Basic Concepts in Homeostasis

Fluid Balance

Endocrine Regulation of Fluid Balance and Thirst

Sodium Balance

How Do Hormones Regulate Drinking Behavior?

9.2 Energy Balance

Metabolism during the Well-Fed State

Metabolism during the Fasting State

9.3 Dysregulated Energy Metabolism

9.4 Primary Sensory Signals and Secondary Mediators

9.5 Control of Food Intake

Peripheral Signals

Ghrelin

Central Signals: The Role of the Hypothalamus

Hindbrain and Brain Stem

Central Anabolic Effectors: Peptides That Promote Food Intake

Neuropeptide Y

Agouti-Related Protein

Melanin-Concentrating Hormone

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Orexin

Neurosecretory Protein GL (NPGL)

Central Catabolic Effectors: Peptides That Inhibit Food Intake

Melanocortins

CART

Protein Hormones That Stop Food Intake

Cholecystokinin

Bombesin

Amylin

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)

Adiponectin

Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine (PYY)

Other Factors That Influence Food Intake

Endorphins

The Role of the Liver

9.6 Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Food Intake, and Body Mass

Estrogens and Progestins

Androgens

Inhibition of Reproduction to Maintain Energy Balance

Specific Hungers

9.7 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 10 Biological Rhythms

10.1 Exogenous versus Endogenous Control ​of Biological Clocks

10.2 Types of Biological Clocks and Rhythms

Examples of Biological Rhythms in Behavior

Circadian Rhythms

Circatidal Rhythms

Circalunar Rhythms

Circannual Rhythms

Adaptive Function of Biological Clocks

10.3 Circadian Clocks

Localization and Characterization of Circadian Clocks

Molecular Mechanisms of Circadian Clocks

SCN as Master Circadian Clock

SCN Inputs and Outputs

10.4 Circadian Rhythms, Hormones, and Behavior

Effects of Hormones on the SCN

Effects of the SCN on Hormones

Glucocorticoids

Gonadotropins and Sex Steroid Hormones

Thyroid Hormones

Melatonin

Circadian Regulation of Food Intake

Circadian Control of Feeding

Food Entrainable Oscillators

10.5 Circadian Rhythms in Health and Disease

10.6 Circannual and Seasonal Rhythms

Ultimate and Proximate Factors Underlying Seasonality

Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Underlying Seasonality

Timing Mechanisms

Hibernation in Hamsters

Hibernation in Ground Squirrels

Breeding Seasons in Birds

Neural Mechanisms of Endogenous and Exogenous Seasonal Timekeeping

Activational Aspects of Timing Mechanisms

Steroid-Dependent Regulation of Reproduction

Steroid-Independent Regulation of Reproduction

Relationship of Behavior to Reproductive State

Aggressive Behavior

Brain Size and Learning

Seasonal Changes in Coping with Stress

Seasonal Cycles of Human Reproduction

10.7 Conclusions

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 11 Stress

11.1 Stress and Its Consequences

11.2 The Stress Response

What Is “Stress”?

11.3 Physiological Effects of the Stress Response

11.4 Pathological Effects of the Stress Response

11.5 Factors That Affect Stress Responsiveness

Perinatal Stress

Prenatal Stress

Neonatal Stress

Social Influences

Orphans

Psychosocial Dwarfism

11.6 Stress Effects on Reproductive Function

Males

Females

Sex Differences

Individual Differences

11.7 Stress and Social Behavior

Social Dominance

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

11.8 Psychological Factors in Stress and Coping

Control

Predictability

Outlets for Frustration

Habituation

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 12 Learning and Memory

12.1 Components of Learning and Memory

Nonassociative Learning

Associative Learning

Memory

12.2 The Effects of Hormones on Learning and Memory

Epinephrine

The Peripheral Receptor Hypothesis

The Glucose Hypothesis

Insulin

Glucocorticoids

12.3 Sex Differences in Learning and Memory

Sex Differences and Stress

Effects of Estrogens

Effects of Androgens

12.4 Seasonal Fluctuations in Learning and Memory

Vasopressin and Oxytocin

Endogenous Opioids

Cholecystokinin

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

CHAPTER 13 Hormones and Affective Disorders

13.1 Androgens and Affective Disorders

13.2 Hormones and Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

13.3 Postpartum Depression

13.4 Hormones and Depression

Thyroid Hormones

Growth Hormone and Prolactin

Cortisol

Estrogens

13.5 Perimenstrual Syndrome

The Social Context of PMS

What Is PMS?

Hormonal Correlates of PMS

Cognitive Features of PMS

13.6 Seasonal Affective Disorder

Summary

Questions for Discussion

Suggested Readings

List of Key Terms

Appendix List of Common Hormones

Glossary

References

Chapter 1

Box 1.1

Chapter 2

Box 2.2

Chapter 3

Box 3.1

Box 3.2

Box 3.3

Chapter 4

Box 4.1

Box 4.2

Box 4.3

Box 4.4

Box 4.5

Box 4.6

Box 4.7

Chapter 5

Box 5.1

Box 5.2

Box 5.3

Box 5.4

Box 5.5

Box 5.6

Chapter 6

Box 6.1

Box 6.2

Box 6.3

Box 6.4

Chapter 7

Box 7.1

Box 7.2

Box 7.3

Box 7.4

Box 7.5

Chapter 8

Box 8.1

Box 8.2

Box 8.3

Box 8.4

Box 8.5

Chapter 9

Box 9.2

Box 9.3

Chapter 10

Box 10.1

Box 10.2

Box 10.3

Chapter 11

Box 11.1

Box 11.2

Chapter 12

Box 12.1

Chapter 13

Box 13.1

Index

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

 

An aparitie	7 July 2022
Autor	Randy J. Nelson, Lance J. Kriegsfeld
Dimensiuni	27.94 x 3.33 x 22.4 cm
Editura	Oxford University Press
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9780197542750
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	828