ABC of Diabetes, 7th Edition

Description:

ABC of Diabetes provides primary care practitioners with a practical guide to all aspects of diabetes including the aetiology, diagnosis and management of Types 1 and 2 diabetes, detection and prevention, and the organization of care and support.

Advances in diabetes care take place at a rapid rate and this new edition is updated throughout to cover the latest evidence-based information for contemporary practice. A new chapter describes the management of severe and complex obesity complicated by diabetes and the management of patients through bariatric surgery.

It also covers the growing number of devices and digital technology, including health informatics, that can assist in diabetes care and provides evidence of their benefit. With more links to useful websites and resources online, it is now easier than ever to keep up-to-date with changes.

Drawing on the professional and teaching experience of an expert author team, ABC of Diabetes is an essential guide for general practice, primary care practitioners, diabetes specialist nurses, as well as for medical students and those training in diabetes as a specialty.

CHAPTER 1: Diagnosing Diabetes

Introduction

Prevalence of diabetes

Types of diabetes

Risk factors for diabetes

Glucose tolerance test

Interpretation of the oral glucose tolerance test results

Identifying patients in need of insulin or urgent referral to hospital

Metabolic syndrome

Delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 2: Types of Diabetes

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Maternally inherited diabetes with deafness (MIDD)

Special forms of diabetes

Lipodystrophies

Other insulin-resistant syndromes

Further reading

CHAPTER 3: Helping People Live with Diabetes

Introduction

Patient-centred priority setting

Shared decision-making

Targets

Main issues to cover in the first consultation

Keeping on the same side

How can we help patients change their lifestyles?

Structured education

‘Yo-yoing’

Semantics

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 4: Early Detection and Prevention of Diabetes

Introduction

Changes in population demography

Type 2 diabetes in the young

Impacting on the diabetes epidemic

Pre-diabetes and macrovascular disease

The tip of the iceberg

Silent damage

Should we screen the population for diabetes?

Screening for raised cardiovascular risk

Preventing diabetes in those at risk

The ‘missing population’ with diabetes

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 5: Obesity

Introduction

Diagnostic criteria

Medical management of obesity in diabetic patients

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 6: Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction

‘Buying in’ to polypharmacy

Blood glucose control

Tight glycaemic control in older patients – balancing risks and benefits

Blood pressure control

Renal impairment and albuminuria

Lipid lowering in people with diabetes

Other ways of reducing cardiovascular risk

Multifactorial interventions in diabetes care

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 7: Management of Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction

Initial management

Drug therapy options

Starting insulin in general practice

Hypoglycaemia

Difficulties in achieving targets

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 8: Hyperglycaemic Emergencies and Management of Diabetes in Hospital

Introduction

Preventing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Clinical features of ketoacidosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

‘Brittle diabetes’

Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome

Management of hospitalised type 2 diabetic patients

Management of diabetes for major elective surgery and type 1 diabetic patients

The role of technology in improving inpatient diabetes care

Further reading

CHAPTER 9: Insulin Therapy

Introduction

Types of insulin

Insulin regimens

Administering insulin

Summary

Further reading

CHAPTER 10: Hypoglycaemia

Introduction

Causes

Recognising the hypoglycaemic patient: the clinical picture

Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Treatment of the acute episode in adults

Hypoglycaemia in children

Long-term management of the patient

Further reading

CHAPTER 11: Self-Management of Diabetes

Introduction

What should I eat?

Should I self-monitor?

How should I use my blood glucose results to improve control?

Advice based on the retrospective approach

Maintaining an active lifestyle

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 12: Surveillance for Complications

Introduction

Structure of a basic surveillance programme

Summary

Further reading

CHAPTER 13: Kidney Disease in Diabetes

Introduction

Epidemiology

Clinical presentation

Investigation of suspected nephropathy

Histological features of diabetic nephropathy

Primary prevention

Treatment of diabetic nephropathy

Other problems

Prescribing issues in people with renal impairment

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 14: Eye Disease in Diabetes

Introduction

Screening techniques

Pathogenesis

Background retinopathy

Pre-proliferative retinopathy

Proliferative retinopathy

Further assessment of established retinopathy

Treatment options

Other eye problems in diabetes

Living with diabetic retinopathy

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 15: The Diabetic Foot

Introduction

The three key risk factors

Patterns of presentation

Regular surveillance

Charcot’s joint

Treatment of diabetic foot complications

Antibiotic therapy

Conservative management

Surgical intervention

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 16: Diabetic Neuropathy

Introduction

Peripheral neuropathy

Autonomic neuropathy

Erectile dysfunction

Further reading

CHAPTER 17: Psychological Issues Related to Diabetes Care

Introduction

Adjusting behaviourally to the diagnosis

Needle phobia

‘Food addiction’

Depression and diabetes

‘Self-defeating’ behaviour

Eating disorders in diabetes

Therapeutic inertia

Summary

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 18: Diabetes and Pregnancy

Introduction

Preconceptual management in women with pre-existing diabetes

Gestational diabetes vs. diabetes in pregnancy

Monitoring of the pregnant patient with diabetes

Managing diabetic complications during pregnancy (see Table 18.5)

Monitoring the foetus during pregnancy

Management in labour

Managing hyperglycaemia during labour

Postnatal follow-up of gestational diabetes

Summary

Further reading

CHAPTER 19: Organisation of Diabetes Care in General Practice

Introduction

Diabetes Register

Case finding for diabetes

Organising care following the diagnosis

Assessing the quality of diabetes care

Summary

Further reading

CHAPTER 20: New and Emerging Therapies for Diabetes

Introduction

Key limitations of current therapeutic approaches

Incretins and other hormone-based therapies

Obesity

The future

Further reading and references

CHAPTER 21: Support for People Living with Diabetes

Introduction

Patient support organisations

Diabetes UK

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF)

The American Diabetes Association

Patient.co.uk

Summary

Further reading

Index