Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance

 

Description:

Recognising a need to promote and enhance teaching of clinical endocrinology and diabetes in UK medical schools, the Society for Endocrinology, in collaboration with Diabetes UK and the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, created a national curriculum that sets out the minimum recommended standards for undergraduate medical education.

Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance corresponds to the curriculum and covers all important areas of diabetes and endocrinology in a clinically relevant and concise manner, with complementary figures to ensure principles are explained clearly. It highlights key practical skills for undergraduates in line with the GMC recommendations that medical graduates should be well prepared for their Foundation posts. There is also emphasis on the importance of multidisciplinary teams in the management of endocrine diseases and diabetes. These include sections on structured education programmes, psychosocial aspects, and patient self-management and monitoring.

Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes at a Glance will serve as a valuable resource for medical students and junior doctors treating patients with these conditions.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part 1: Introduction

1: Introduction to endocrinology

Synthesis, release and transport

Mechanisms of hormone action

Control and feedback

Patterns of hormone secretion

Measurement of hormones

Dynamic endocrine tests

Part 2: Disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis

2: The hypothalamic–pituitary axis and its assessment

Physiology

Assessment of the pituitary gland

Imaging

3: Acromegaly

Clinical features

Investigation

Management

4: Cushing’s syndrome

Clinical features

Investigation

Differential diagnosis

Management

Follow-up and monitoring

5: Hypopituitarism and non-functioning pituitary adenomas

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas

Hypopituitarism

6: Prolactinoma and hyperprolactinaemia

Hyperprolactinaemia

Prolactinoma

Pituitary incidentaloma

Part 3: Disorders of thirst and fluid balance

7: Hypernatraemia and diabetes insipidus

Posterior pituitary function and sodium homeostasis

Hypernatraemia

Diabetes insipidus

Acute severe hypernatraemia

8: Hyponatraemia and SIADH

Hyponatraemia

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

Acute severe hyponatraemia

Part 4: Thyroid disorders

9: Thyroid function

Anatomy

Physiology

Actions of thyroid hormones

Interpreting thyroid function tests

Primary and secondary hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Factors affecting thyroid results

10: Hyperthyroidism: clinical presentation and investigation

Causes

Clinical presentation

Investigation

11: Hyperthyroidism: management and ophthalmopathy

Medical treatment

Definitive treatments

Thyroid ophthalmopathy

12: Hyperthyroidism: special circumstances

Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy

Subclinical hyperthyroidism

Elevated fT4 with unsuppressed TSH

Assay interference

TSHoma and thyroid hormone resistance

13: Hypothyroidism

Causes

Clinical features

Investigations

Treatment

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism and pregnancy

Polyglandular autoimmune disease

14: Goitre, thyroid nodules and cancer

Goitre

Multinodular goitre

Solitary thyroid nodule

Thyroid cancer

Management of differentiated thyroid cancer

Part 5: Disorders of calcium homeostasis

15: Physiology of calcium, PTH and vitamin D metabolism

Parathyroid hormone

Vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency

16: Hypercalcaemia

Hypercalcaemia with suppressed PTH

Hypercalcaemia with non-suppressed PTH

Acute severe hypercalcaemia

17: Hypocalcaemia

Causes

Clinical features

Investigation

Treatment

Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism

18: Osteoporosis

Causes

Clinical features

Investigation

Assessing fracture risk

Treatment

Part 6: Disorders of the adrenal gland

19: Steroid physiology and biochemical assessment

Steroid synthesis

Glucocorticoids

Adrenal androgens

Mineralocorticoids

Biochemical assessment of the adrenal axis

20: Adrenal insufficiency

Primary adrenal insufficiency

Secondary adrenal insufficiency

Steroid-induced hypoadrenalism

21: Adrenocortical tumours

Adrenal Cushing’s syndrome

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Adrenal incidentalomas

22: Disorders of the adrenal medulla

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Part 7: Disorders of the reproductive system

23: Physiology of the reproductive system

Physiology of female reproduction

Physiology of male reproduction

24: Growth, puberty and sexual differentiation

Normal growth

Normal puberty

Short stature

Precocious puberty

Delayed puberty

Sexual differentiation

Transition of young people into the adult service

25: Menstrual disturbance

Definition

Causes

Assessment

Treatment

Premature ovarian failure

Turner’s syndrome

26: Hyperandrogenism

Hirsutism

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

27: Menopause and HRT

Definition

Clinical presentation

Assessment

Treatment

Long-term risks and benefits

Pre-menopausal oestrogen replacement

28: Male hypogonadism

Definition

Primary hypogonadism

Secondary hypogonadism

Late onset hypogonadism

Assessment

Treatment

29: Gynaecomastia

Definition

Causes

Assessment

Treatment

30: Infertility

Definition and aetiology

Evaluation of the infertile couple

Investigations

Management

Part 8: Neuroendocrine tumours

31: Neuroendocrine tumours

Definition

Aetiology

Symptoms and signs

Diagnosis

32: Neuroendocrine tumours: management

Treatment

Carcinoid heart disease

Prognosis

33: Inherited endocrine tumour syndromes

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

Carney complex

McCune–Albright syndrome

34: Spontaneous hypoglycaemia

Fasting hypoglycaemia

Postprandial hypoglycaemia

Assessment

Management

Part 9: Endocrine emergencies

35: Adrenal crisis

Clinical presentation

Management

36: Pituitary apoplexy

Clinical presentation

Management

37: Myxoedema coma

Clinical presentation

Management

38: Thyroid storm

Clinical presentation

Investigations

Management

39: Acute hyponatraemia

Clinical presentation

Management

40: Severe hypercalcaemia

Clinical presentation

Management

41: Acute hypocalcaemia

Clinical presentation

Management

Part 10: Diabetes mellitus

42: Overview

History

Landmark studies

Advances in care

Diabetes support organisations

Awareness

43: Diagnosis and monitoring

Diagnosis of diabetes

Oral glucose tolerance test

Impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance

Screening

Monitoring diabetes

44: Classification

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young

Other genetic defects in β-cell function

Genetic defects in insulin action

Pancreatic diseases

Endocrine disorders

Drugs

Gestational diabetes

Other associations with diabetes

45: Type 1 diabetes: aetiology and clinical presentation

Aetiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical presentation

46: Type 1 diabetes: insulin and other therapies

Lifestyle

Insulin

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Pancreatic transplantation

The artificial pancreas

Immunotherapy

47: Type 2 diabetes: aetiology and clinical presentation

Aetiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical presentation

48: Type 2 diabetes: treatment

Diet and exercise

Metformin

Sulphonylureas

Meglitinides

Acarbose

Glitazones

DPP-4 inhibitors

GLP-1 receptor agonists

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Insulin

49: Macrovascular complications

Epidemiology

Aetiology

Clinical presentation

Management

50: Microvascular complications

Background

Aetiology

Neuropathy

Nephropathy

Retinopathy

51: Diabetic foot disease

Epidemiology

Aetiology

Clinical presentation

Management

Prognosis

52: Diabetic ketoacidosis

Definition and epidemiology

Aetiology

Symptoms and signs

Investigations

Management

Prognosis

53: Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state

Definition and epidemiology

Aetiology

Symptoms and signs

Investigations

Management

Prognosis

54: Hypoglycaemia

Definition and epidemiology

Aetiology

Symptoms and signs

Investigations

Management

Prognosis

55: Peri-operative management

Pathophysiological factors

Pre-operative management

Intra-operative management

Postoperative management

56: Management of acute illness

Aims of management

Monitoring

Drug management

Calorie and fluid intake

Special groups for consideration

57: Insulin infusions

Variable-rate intravenous insulin infusion

Fixed-rate intravenous insulin infusion

58: Pregnancy and diabetes

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Complications

Pre-conception care

Screening for GDM

Antenatal care

Peri- and postnatal care

Postnatal diabetes screening

59: Genetics of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Maturity onset diabetes of the young

Mitochondrial diabetes

Neonatal diabetes

Monogenic disorders of insulin resistance

60: The multidisciplinary team

Diagnosis and surveillance

Life stages

Disease stages

Setting

61: Lipid disorders

Primary hyperlipidaemias

Secondary hyperlipidaemias

62: Appetite and weight

Central regulation

Gut regulation

Long-term regulation

Clinical assessment

63: Obesity and anorexia

Obesity

Anorexia

Index

EULA

 

An aparitie	17 April 2017
Autor	Aled Rees , Miles Levy (Author), Andrew Lansdown
Dimensiuni	21.08 x 1.02 x 27.18 cm
Editura	Wiley
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781119128717
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	158