Winter′s Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement

Description:

An In-Depth Resource for Understanding the Foundational Concepts and Clinical Applications in the Field of Biomechanics

Winter’s Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement is highly suitable as a textbook for today’s biomechanics students who may come from many diverse academic programs and professional sectors. The work covers foundational theoretical and mathematical concepts in biomechanics, as well as up-to-date data collection, interpretation, and storage techniques. It also highlights the contemporary clinical applications of biomechanical research. New case studies related to cerebral palsy, patellar femoral pain syndrome, knee osteoarthritis, and ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction are also included.

The work appeals to a broad audience within the field of biomechanics, an interdisciplinary field with applications in mechanical engineering, medicine, physical therapy, sports and exercise, and product development. Authors at leading universities guide the reader through the latest advancements in the field while also imparting critical foundational knowledge to allow for subject matter mastery and more precise practical application. Concepts covered in the book include:

Biomechanical signal processing, anthropometry, kinematics and kinetics, muscle mechanics, and kinesiological electromyography

Forward simulations and muscle-actuated simulations, static and dynamic balance, and the role of the central nervous system in biomechanics

Movement sequencing and the kinetic chain concept, electromagnetic systems, inertial sensors, clinical measures of kinematics, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of force plates

Markerset design and event detection for gait and athletic motions like jumping, landing, and pitching

Guidance on setting up a motion lab and access to online Excel spreadsheets with kinematic and kinetic marker data

By providing a combination of theoretical and practical knowledge, Winter’s Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement will appeal to biomedical engineers working in the field of biomechanics and allied professionals in the medical, rehabilitation, and sports industries. Its comprehensive overall insight into the field of biomechanics also makes the work a highly useful resource for students and teachers of biomechanics at all levels of experience and expertise.

Table of Contents:

1 BIOMECHANICS AS AN INTERDISCIPLINE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 MEASUREMENT, DESCRIPTION, ANALYSIS, AND ASSESSMENT

1.2 BIOMECHANICS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY

1.3 REFERENCES

2 SIGNAL PROCESSING

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 AUTO‐ AND CROSS‐CORRELATION ANALYSES

2.2 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

2.3 ENSEMBLE AVERAGING OF REPETITIVE WAVEFORMS

2.4 REFERENCES

3 KINEMATICS

3.0 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND COMPLEXITY OF PROBLEM

3.1 KINEMATIC CONVENTIONS

3.2 DIRECT MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

3.3 IMAGING MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

3.4 CLINICAL MEASURES OF KINEMATICS

3.5 PROCESSING OF RAW KINEMATIC DATA

3.6 CALCULATION OF OTHER KINEMATIC VARIABLES

3.7 PROBLEMS BASED ON KINEMATIC DATA

3.8 REFERENCES

4 ANTHROPOMETRY

4.0 SCOPE OF ANTHROPOMETRY IN MOVEMENT BIOMECHANICS

4.1 DENSITY, MASS, AND INERTIAL PROPERTIES

4.2 DIRECT EXPERIMENTAL MEASURES

4.3 MUSCLE ANTHROPOMETRY

4.4 PROBLEMS BASED ON ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA

4.5 REFERENCES

5 KINETICS: FORCES AND MOMENTS OF FORCE

5.0 BIOMECHANICAL MODELS

5.1 BASIC LINK‐SEGMENT EQUATIONS – THE FREE‐BODY DIAGRAM

5.2 FORCE TRANSDUCERS AND FORCE PLATES

5.3 BONE‐ON‐BONE FORCES DURING DYNAMIC CONDITIONS

5.4 REFERENCES

6 MECHANICAL WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER

6.0 INTRODUCTION

6.1 EFFICIENCY

6.2 FORMS OF ENERGY STORAGE

6.3 CALCULATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL WORK

6.4 POWER BALANCES AT JOINTS AND WITHIN SEGMENTS

6.5 PROBLEMS BASED ON KINETIC AND KINEMATIC DATA

6.6 REFERENCES

7 UNDERSTANDING 3D KINEMATIC AND KINETIC VARIABLES

7.0 INTRODUCTION

7.1 AXES SYSTEMS

7.2 MARKER AND ANATOMICAL AXES SYSTEMS

7.3 DETERMINATION OF SEGMENT ANGULAR VELOCITIES AND ACCELERATIONS

7.4 KINETIC ANALYSIS OF REACTION FORCES AND MOMENTS

7.5 SUGGESTED FURTHER READING

7.6 REFERENCES

8 MUSCLE MECHANICS

8.0 INTRODUCTION

8.1 FORCE–LENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES

8.2 FORCE–VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS

8.3 TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE in vivo TENDON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

8.4 REFERENCES

9 KINESIOLOGICAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

9.0 INTRODUCTION

9.1 ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

9.2 RECORDING OF THE ELECTROMYOGRAM

9.3 PROCESSING OF THE ELECTROMYOGRAM

9.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTROMYOGRAM AND BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLES

REFERENCES

10 MODELING OF HUMAN MOVEMENT

10.0 INTRODUCTION

10.1 REVIEW OF FORWARD SOLUTION MODELS

10.2 MUSCLE‐ACTUATED SIMULATION OF MOVEMENT

10.3 MODEL VALIDATION

REFERENCES

11 STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE

11.0 INTRODUCTION

11.1 THE SUPPORT MOMENT SYNERGY

11.2 MEDIAL/LATERAL AND ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR BALANCE IN STANDING

11.3 DYNAMIC BALANCE DURING WALKING

REFERENCES

12 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM'S ROLE IN BIOMECHANICS

12.0 INTRODUCTION

12.1 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND VOLITIONAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT

12.2 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND REFLEXIVE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT

12.3 METHODOLOGIES TO UNDERSTAND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION

12.4 Peripheral Nervous System Measurement Techniques

12.5 METHODOLOGIES TO UNDERSTAND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BEHAVIOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS

12.6 NERVOUS SYSTEM ROLE IN MUSCLE SYNERGIES

12.7 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND LEARNING, AND INJURY

References

13 A CASE‐BASED APPROACH TO INTERPRETING BIOMECHANICAL DATA

13.0 Patellofemoral Pain

13.1 BIOMECHANICAL APPROACH TO MANAGE KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

13.2 ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION

APPENDIX A: KINEMATIC, KINETIC, AND ENERGY DATA

APPENDIX B: UNITS AND DEFINITIONS RELATED TO BIOMECHANICAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHICAL MEASUREMENTS

NOTES TO TABLES B.1 AND B.2

INDEX

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