The Evolutionary Basis of Strabismus and Nystagmus in Children: Landmark Essays

Description:

This text is a comprehensive collection and discussion of scientific essays that define the pathogenesis of common forms of pediatric strabismus and nystagmus in terms of their common evolutionary mechanisms. The goal of this book is to assemble these essays, to provide a definitive source for current clinicians to use along with follow up comments to help direct future scientific research in the field of pediatric ophthalmology. This book includes 20 original essays written by Michael C. Brodsky which mechanistically explain and unify such enigmatic conditions such as infantile esotropia, latent nystagmus, primary oblique muscle overreaction action, dissociated vertical divergence, infantile nystagmus, and intermittent exotropia in terms of ancestral evolutionary reflexes which become expressed in different ways to generate these disorders.   This collection of essays is poised to become a classic reference, providing the necessary neurological framework for contextualizing unique ocular motor disorder and understanding the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for their development in early childhood.   Written with focused interest for pediatric ophthalmologists and neuro-ophthalmologists, this reference will also find audience with ophthalmologists, neurologists, evolutionary biologists, and neuroscientists. 

Table of Contents:

1. Dissociated Vertical Divergence

2. DVD Remains a Moving Target!

3. Primary Oblique Muscle Overaction

4. Do You Really Need Your Oblique Muscles?

5. Latent Nystagmus

6. Dissociated Vertical Divergence

7. The Reversed Fixation Test

8. Does Infantile Esotropia Arise From a Dissociated Deviation?

9. The Accessory Optic System

10. Visuo-Vestibular Eye Movements

11. An Expanded View of Infantile Esotropia

12. The Lizard’s Tail: An Ocular Allegory

13. The Optokinetic Uncover Test

14. A Unifying Neurologic Mechanism for Infantile Nystagmus

15. Intermittent Exotropia and Accommodative Esotropia: Distinct Disorders or Two Ends of a Spectrum?

16. An Optokinetic Clue to the Pathogenesis of Crossed Fixation in Infantile Esotropia

17. Is Infantile Esotropia Subcortical in Origin?

18. Phoria Adaptation: The Ghost in the Machine

19. Monocular Nasotemporal Optokinetic Asymmetry—Unraveling the Mystery

20. Infantile Nystagmus—Following the Trail of Evidence