Textbook of Caesarean Section

Description:

Caesarean Section has become the most common major operation in the world, and with the increasing number there are many serious and long-term healthcare implications for gynaecology, general surgery, neonatology, and epigenetics. A full perspective of the procedure and its consequences is therefore essential for practitioners, residents, and trainees alike. The Textbook of Caesarean Section is the key textbook on this subject, and is an informative and practical tool for clinicians performing this procedure in all areas of the world. The accompanying professional medical videos demonstrate in clear and expert detail the two alternative procedures for caesarean section, ensuring that readers of this book gain an in-depth understanding of the techniques involved, and supporting blended learning in postgraduate education globally. Written by a distinguished team of expert contributors, this book carefully describes current best practice for caesarean section alongside key chapters on the history of caesarean section, and other important and related issues that obstetricians must be aware of, such as anaesthesia, prevention of complications of surgery, reproduction after C-section, and perinatal outcomes. The text is extensively illustrated with colour images, and fully referenced throughout, providing all the information essential for the reader to perform the optimal caesarean delivery procedures, and diagnose and manage the short- and long-term complications associated with different methods of caesarean sections.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Editorial Caesarean section: Introduction to the ‘world’s no. 1’ surgical procedure

Introduction

The rise of the modern caesarean delivery

The iatrogenic consequences of the caesarean section excesses

Training the MD for caesarean section

Training the ‘non-physician’ for caesarean section

Aim of this book

References

1. Caesarean section: From antiquity to the twenty-first century

Introduction

Origins of the caesarean section

Julius Caesar and the origin of the term ‘caesarean’

Etymology of the term ‘caesarean section’

Legendary abdominal births

Caesarean section throughout history

Caesarean section from antiquity to the fifth century

Caesarean section in the Middle Ages (from the fifth to the fourteenth century)

Caesarean section from the Renaissance to the early modern period

Caesarean section in the Age of Enlightenment

Caesarean section in the nineteenth century

Caesarean section in the twentieth century and in contemporary history

References

2. The anatomy of the female pelvis

Introduction

Incision of the skin in caesarean section

The Pfannenstiel incision

The Joel-Cohen incision

Abdominal entry in caesarean section

Entry to the peritoneal cavity

Entry to the uterine cavity in caesarean section

Blood supply to the uterus and ovaries

Arterial supply to the uterus and ovaries

Venous supply to the uterus and ovaries

Internal artery ligation

Additional anatomical features of the female pelvis

The Fallopian tubes and the ovaries

Innervation of the female pelvis

Uterine ligaments and support

The pelvic floor in females

Three-dimensional anatomy of the female pelvis

Anatomy changes of the female pelvis following delivery

Key learning points

References

3. The epidemiology of caesarean delivery

Introduction

Global trends in caesarean section rates

Caesarean section rates in developed nations

Caesarean section rates in developing nations

Causes underlying the differences in caesarean section rates between developed and developing nations

Indications for caesarean section

Risk factors for caesarean section

Prior caesarean section

Maternal demographics

Maternal medical co-morbidities

Fetal characteristics

Non-reassuring fetal heart rate

Prevention of caesarean section

Key learning points

References

4. The modern caesarean section

Introduction

Preparation for caesarean section

Clinical assessment prior to caesarean section

Blood tests prior to caesarean section

Preoperative preparation for caesarean section

Abdominal/pelvic entry for caesarean section

Opening the uterus in caesarean section, and delivery

Closure techniques for caesarean section

Further discussion of techniques used in caesarean section

Uterine exteriorization during caesarean section

Closure of the uterus and the peritoneum during caesarean section

Preventing adhesions following caesarean section

Subcutaneous and skin closure following caesarean section

No use or immediate versus delayed removal of urinary catheter for caesarean section

Delayed cord clamping following caesarean section

High-risk caesarean deliveries

Caesarean section at full dilatation

Multiple repeat caesarean deliveries

Caesarean section for placenta praevia (non-accreta)

Caesarean section and obesity/high BMI

Key learning points

References

5. The Misgav Ladach caesarean section

Introduction

Abdominal/pelvic entry in the Misgav Ladach caesarean section

Opening the uterus during a Misgav Ladach caesarean section, delivery, and closure

Further discussion of techniques used in the Misgav Ladach caesarean section

Key learning points

References

6. Complex caesarean deliveries

Introduction

Caesarean section in well-resourced settings

Risks of caesarean section at complete dilatation with absolute dystocia

Uterine rupture

Morbid obesity

Uterine leiomyomas

Pelvic adhesive disease

Abnormal fetal lie/unengaged fetus

Unengaged fetal head

Transverse back down lie

Perimortem caesarean delivery

Management of morbid attachment of the placenta (MAP)

Surgical preparation for antenatal recognition of MAP

Intraoperative recognition of MAP

Operative technique for MAP

Special considerations in placenta percreta

Post-operative care

Retroperitoneal haemorrhage during caesarean delivery

Caesarean section in low-resource settings

Caesarean delivery after obstructed labour

Caesarean delivery in obese women

Myomectomy at the time of caesarean delivery

Key learning points

References

7. Anaesthesia for caesarean section

Introduction

Anaesthesia providers and standards

Anaesthetic training

Standards for providing safe anaesthesia

Technical considerations for anaesthesia during caesarean section

Pregnancy-related physiological changes pertinent for anaesthesia

Choice of anaesthesia for caesarean section

Regional anaesthesia (neuraxial techniques) for caesarean section

Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section

Epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section

Combined spinal–epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section

Complications and side effects of regional anaesthesia

Hypotension

High block/total spinal block

Inadequate block/failed spinal block

Post-dural-puncture headache

Neurological complications after neuraxial anaesthesia

Other common side effects of regional anaesthesia

Local anaesthetic infiltration

General anaesthesia for caesarean section

Failed intubation

Intravenous ketamine for caesarean section

Anaesthesia for pre-eclampsia

Analgesia in the post-operative period following caesarean section

Key learning points

References

8. Prevention and management of post-operative caesarean section complications

Introduction

Haemorrhage following caesarean section

Diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage

The pharmacological approach to treating post-partum haemorrhage

Intrauterine balloon in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Uterine compression sutures in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Uterine compression sutures in combination with an intrauterine balloon in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Uterine artery ligation in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Internal iliac ligation in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Caesarean hysterectomy in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Arterial embolization in the treatment of post-partum haemorrhage

Sepsis following caesarean section

Wound infections and haematomas

Endometritis following caesarean section

Thromboprophylaxis following caesarean section

Bladder injury following caesarean section

Blood transfusion during caesarean section

Key learning points

References

9. Long-term complications after caesarean section

Introduction

Uterine complications after caesarean section

Early pregnancy failure after caesarean section

Placenta praevia and placenta abruptio after caesarean section

Placenta accreta after caesarean section

Pathophysiology of placenta accreta

Epidemiology of placenta accreta

Clinical symptoms of placenta accreta

Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta

Caesarean scar defect

Non-uterine complications following caesarean section

Ectopic pregnancies following caesarean section

Secondary infertility following caesarean section

Endometriosis following caesarean section

Key learning points

References

10. Perinatal outcome of neonates born by caesarean section

Introduction

Effect of mode of delivery on neonatal outcomes

Caesarean delivery of term infants with cephalic presentation

Caesarean delivery of term infants with breech presentation

Term infants delivered following repeat caesarean section

Gestational age of term infants for caesarean delivery

Caesarean delivery of preterm and low-birth-weight infants

Caesarean section for extreme preterm delivery

Caesarean delivery of infants of multiple pregnancies

Neonatal respiratory morbidity following caesarean section

Respiratory extrauterine adaptation following caesarean section

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn following caesarean section

Respiratory distress syndrome following caesarean section

Pneumothorax following caesarean section

Antenatal steroids in caesarean delivery

Early care of the newborn following caesarean delivery

Neonatal resuscitation following caesarean delivery

Delayed cord clamping following caesarean delivery

Skin-to-skin contact, thermal support, and feeding of newborns following caesarean delivery

Long-term outcomes associated with caesarean section

Respiratory outcomes associated with caesarean section

Immune system outcomes associated with caesarean section

Neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with caesarean section

Other conditions (malignancies, dentition, metabolic syndrome) and caesarean section

Key learning points

References

11. Trial of labour after caesarean

Introduction

Risks of TOLAC

Maternal morbidity in TOLAC

Haemorrhage in TOLAC

Infection in TOLAC

Operative Injury in TOLAC

Uterine rupture or dehiscence in TOLAC

Hysterectomy in TOLAC

Maternal Death in TOLAC

Neonatal morbidity in TOLAC

Apgar scores in newborns following delivery by TOLAC

NICU admission following delivery by TOLAC

HIE in newborns following delivery by TOLAC

Perinatal death following delivery by TOLAC

Maternal and neonatal risks in subsequent pregnancies after TOLAC

Predictors of VBAC

Demographic characteristics and VBAC

Factors from the medical history associated with VBAC

Factors related to the current pregnancy associated with VBAC

Predictors of success models for VBAC

Uterine rupture in TOLAC

Demographic factors associated with uterine rupture in TOLAC

Surgical factors associated with uterine rupture in TOLAC

Current pregnancy factors associated with uterine rupture in TOLAC

Predictors of uterine rupture models in TOLAC

Signs and symptoms of uterine rupture

Antenatal management of uterine rupture in TOLAC

Intrapartum management of uterine rupture in TOLAC

Second-trimester TOLAC

Intrauterine fetal demise and TOLAC

Key learning points

References

12. Caesarean delivery and human evolution

Introduction

Caesarean section and EQ

Mode of delivery, and evolution of the EQ

Caesarean delivery and the microbiome

Perinatal transfer of the maternal microbiota

Microbiome and the newborn immune system

Vertical transmission of the microbiome

Pro/prebiotic effects

Caesarean section and the materno-fetal endocrinology system

Oxytocin and pregnancy

Oxytocin and birth

Other emerging issues associated with caesarean delivery

Key learning points

References

13. Caesarean section: A global perspective

Introduction

The global view of caesarean section

The necessity for caesarean section

The ease and safety of caesarean section

Training in caesarean section

Development of caesarean section support services

References

Index

 

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An aparitie	2016
Autor	Eric Jauniaux and William Grobman
Dimensiuni	246x189mm
Editura	Oxford
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9780198758563
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	224