Berek and Hacker's Gynecologic Oncology

Description:

Evidence-based, superbly illustrated, and easy to read, Berek & Hacker’s Gynecologic Oncology, Seventh Edition, remains your reference of choice for authoritative information on every aspect of gynecologic malignancies. Templated chapters provide quick access to guidance on everything from general principles through diagnosis and medical and surgical management. This fully revised edition offers the practical, state-of-the-art coverage you need when caring for women with preinvasive disease; ovarian, breast, uterine, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers; and gestational trophoblastic disease.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section I: General Principles

Chapter 1: Cancer Genetics

Historic Perspective

Genetic Changes

Sporadic

Hereditary

Oncogenes

Types of Oncogenes

Tumor Suppressor Genes (Anti-Oncogenes)

Epigenetic Changes

Genetic Changes in Gynecologic Malignancies

Endometrial Cancer

Uterine Mesenchymal Tumors

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Cervical Cancer

Vulvar Cancer

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Chapter 2: Cancer Cell Biology

Cell Growth and Proliferation

Oncogenes

Tumor Suppressor Genes

DNA Repair

DNA Damage Response Defects and Synthetic Lethality to Enhance Efficacy of Cancer Therapy

Cell Death Pathways

Autophagy

Apoptosis

Necrosis

Cancer Stem Cells

Cellular Senescence

Cell Metabolism

Hormone Metabolism

Post-translational Modifications

Cell Invasion and Metastasis

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Tumor Microenvironment

Immune Checkpoints

Angiogenesis

Biomarkers

Tumor Markers

Chapter 3: Biologic, Targeted, and Immune Therapy

Inhibitors of Growth Factor Receptors

EGFR Inhibitors

EGFR Inhibitors—Small Molecules

EGFR Inhibitors—Monoclonal Antibodies

Her2/Neu Inhibitors

Her2/Neu Inhibitors—Small Molecules

Her2/Neu Inhibitors—Monoclonal Antibodies

PDGFR Inhibitors—Monoclonal Antibodies

Inhibitors of Angiogenesis

VEGFR Inhibitors—Small Molecules

VEGFR Inhibitors—Monoclonal Antibodies

Inhibitors of Other Intracellular Kinases

Small Molecules

Braf (Rapidly Activated Fibrosarcoma) Inhibitors

MEK1-2 (MAPK/ERK Kinase) Inhibitors

CDK 4-6 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4-6) Inhibitors

ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) Inhibitors

PI-3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase) Inhibitors

mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) Inhibitors

Inhibitors of DNA Repair

PARP (Poly-ADP Ribose-Polymerase) Inhibitors

Immunotherapy

Cytokines

Monoclonal Antibodies

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Anti–PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Receptor-1) Antibodies

Anti–PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Receptor Ligand-1) Antibodies

Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Cell-Based Vaccines

Glycan-Based Vaccines

Adoptive Cell Therapy

Chapter 4: Chemotherapy

General Principles

Tumor Growth and Chemotherapy

Differential Sensitivity

Therapeutic Index

Brief History of Chemotherapy

Biologic Factors Influencing Treatment

Cell Kinetic Concepts

Cancer Cell Growth

Principles of Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Antibody–Drug Conjugates

Chemotherapy in Pregnancy

Drug Resistance

Excretion

Drug Interactions

Combination Chemotherapy

Clinical Benefit

RECIST Criteria

Dose Adjustment

Carboplatin Dose Calculation

Toxicities and Their Management

Antineoplastic Drugs

Alkylating Agents

Antitumor Antibiotics and Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Antimetabolites

Plant Alkaloids (Mitotic Spindle Agents)

Chapter 5: Radiation Therapy

Radiation Biology

Radiation Damage and Repair

Cell Survival Curves

Fractionation

Dose-Rate Effect

The Four Rs

Treatment Strategies for Overcoming Radioresistance of Hypoxic Cells

Linear-Energy Transfer and Relative Biologic Effectiveness

Hyperthermia

Interactions between Radiation and Drugs

Radiation Therapy and the Immune System

Therapeutic Ratio

Effects of Radiation on Normal Tissues

Scoring of Late Complications of Radiation Therapy

Treatment Strategies to Exploit Differences Between Tumor and Normal Tissue in the Response to Fractionated Radiation Therapy

Combinations of Surgery and Radiation Therapy

Physical Principles

Ionizing Radiations Used in Therapy

Interactions of Radiation With Matter

Measurement of Absorbed Dose

Inverse Square Law

Radiation Techniques

External Beam Irradiation

Brachytherapy

Palliation

Chapter 6: Pathology

Cervix

Squamous Lesions of the Cervix

Human Papilloma Virus

Cervicovaginal Cytology—Pap Testing

Glandular Lesions of the Cervix

Mesenchymal Tumors

Vagina

Squamous Lesions of the Vagina

Glandular Lesions of the Vagina

Fibroepithelial Stromal Polyp

Sarcoma Botryoides

Melanoma

Postoperative Spindle Cell Nodule

Vulva

Squamous Cell Lesions of the Vulva

Other Vulvar Lesions

Mesenchymal Tumors

Aggressive Angiomyxoma

Melanocytic Tumors

Uncommon Neoplasms

Uterine Corpus

Endometrial Neoplasms

Endometrial Carcinoma

Histologic Types

Histologic Grading of Endometrioid Carcinoma

Pathologic Staging of Endometrial Carcinoma

Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord–Stromal Tumor

Endometrial Stromal Tumors

Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma

Other Uterine Mesenchymal Tumors

Mixed Müllerian Neoplasms

Adenofibroma

Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma

Adenosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma

Ovary

Ovarian Epithelial Tumors

Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors

Germ Cell Tumors

Embryonal Carcinoma

Miscellaneous Ovarian Tumors

Secondary Tumors of the Ovary—Metastases

Nonneoplastic Lesions of the Ovary

Luteinized Ovarian Conditions

Fallopian Tube

Primary Tubal Carcinoma

Adenomatoid Tumor

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Hydatidiform Mole

Choriocarcinoma

Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor

Chapter 7: Epidemiology and Biostatistics

Descriptive Statistics

Incidence

Prevalence

Cancer Survival

Etiologic Studies

Case–Control Study

Cohort Studies

Statistical Inference and Validity

Statistical Inference

Statistical Distributions and Tests

Validity

Other Criteria for Judging an Epidemiologic Study

Cancer Risk and Prevention

Cervical Cancer

Endometrial Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

Other Gynecologic Neoplasms

Cancer Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Test Definitions

Sensitivity

Specificity

Predictive Value

Screening Strategies

Section II: Disease Sites

Chapter 8: Preinvasive Disease

Cervix

Classification of Preinvasive Cervical Disease

Understanding the Cervical Transformation Zone

IFCPC Colposcopic Terminology of the Cervix, Vagina, and Vulva

Systematic Approach to Colposcopy

Indications for Colposcopy

Human Papillomaviruses and Cervical Neoplasia

Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

The WHO Initiative for the Elimination of Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Problem

Screening for Cervical Neoplasia

Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Treatment Modalities

Vagina

Classification of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Clinical Profile

Diagnosis

Treatment of High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Vulva and Perianal Area

Classification

Paget Disease

Clinical Profile of High-Grade Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (uVIN)

Diagnosis

Natural History of High-Grade Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (dVIN)

Treatment of High-Grade Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia

HPV Vaccination

Multicentric Lower Genital Tract Neoplasia

Chapter 9: Cervical Cancer

Diagnosis

Symptoms

Signs

Biopsy

Colposcopy for Invasive Cancer

Staging

Noninvasive Diagnostic Studies

Surgical Staging

Patterns of Spread

Direct Infiltration

Lymphatic Spread

Hematogenous Spread

Treatment

Microinvasive Carcinoma

2018 FIGO Stages IB1, IB2, and Early-Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer

Stage IB3 Cervical Carcinoma

Prognostic Factors for Stages IB to IIA

Stages IIB to IVA Disease

Nonsquamous Histologic Types

Adenocarcinoma

Adenosquamous Carcinoma

Glassy Cell Carcinoma

Adenoma Malignum (Minimum Deviation Adenocarcinoma)

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Adenoid Basal Carcinoma

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

Villoglandular Papillary Adenocarcinoma

Small-Cell, including Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Serous Carcinoma

Sarcoma

Lymphoma

Verrucous Carcinoma

Melanoma

Metastatic Carcinoma

Cancer of the Cervical Stump

Invasive Cancer Found after Simple Hysterectomy

Coexistent Pelvic Mass

Cervical Bleeding

Recurrent Cervical Cancer

Radical Hysterectomy for Recurrence

Chemotherapy

Chapter 10: Uterine Cancer

Prevention of Disease and Screening of Asymptomatic Women

Clinical Features

Symptoms

Signs

Diagnosis

Preoperative Investigations

Staging

Spread Patterns

Prognostic Variables

Age

Histologic Type

Histologic Grade and Myometrial Invasion

Vascular Space Invasion

Results of Peritoneal Cytology

Hormone Receptor Status

Nuclear Grade

Tumor Size

DNA Ploidy and Other Biologic Markers

Body Mass Index

Method of Treatment

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment of Endometrial Cancer

Stage I and Stage II Occult

Clinical Stage II

Surgical Stage IIIA

Surgical Stage IIIB

Surgical Stage IVA

Surgical Stage IVB

Special Clinical Circumstances

Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

Isolated Vaginal Recurrence

Nodal Recurrence

Systemic Recurrence: Role of Surgery

Role of Hormonal Therapy

Role of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Immunotherapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Prognosis

Uterine Sarcomas

Smooth Muscle Tumors

Endometrial Stromal Tumors

Adenosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma

Chapter 11: Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer

Classification

Pathology

Clinical Features

Epidemiology

Prevention

Screening

Genetic Risk for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Symptoms

Signs

Diagnosis

Patterns of Spread

Prognostic Factors

Pathologic Factors

Clinical Factors

Initial Surgery for Ovarian Cancer

Staging

Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer

Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer

Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Stage I Low-Risk Ovarian Cancer

Stage I High-Risk Ovarian Cancer

Chemotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapies

Treatment Assessment

Tumor Markers

Radiologic Assessment

Secondary Therapy

Secondary Cytoreduction

Chemotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Intestinal Obstruction

Chapter 12: Germ Cell and Nonepithelial Ovarian Cancers

Germ Cell Malignancies

Classification

Epidemiology

Clinical Features

Dysgerminoma

Immature Teratomas

Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Rare Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary

Mixed Germ Cell Tumors

Surveillance for Stage I Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

Late Effects of Treatment of Malignant Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary

Sex-Cord–Stromal Tumors

Granulosa–Stromal-Cell Tumors

Sertoli–Leydig Tumors

Uncommon Ovarian Cancers

Lipoid Cell Tumors

Sarcomas

Small Cell Carcinomas of Hypercalcemic Type

Metastatic Tumors

Gynecologic Primary

Nongynecologic Primary

Krukenberg Tumor

Other Gastrointestinal Tumors

Melanoma

Carcinoid

Lymphoma and Leukemia

Chapter 13: Vulvar Cancer

Etiology of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Paget Disease of the Vulva

Type 1 Paget Disease

Invasive Paget Disease

Invasive Vulvar Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

Bartholin Gland Carcinoma

Other Vulvar Adenocarcinomas

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Verrucous Carcinoma

Vulvar Sarcoma

Lymphoma

Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Secondary Vulvar Tumors

Chapter 14: Vaginal Cancer

Primary Vaginal Tumors

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Small Cell Carcinoma

Verrucous Carcinoma

Vaginal Melanoma

Vaginal Sarcoma

Germ Cell Tumors

Carcinoma of the Female Urethra

Prognosis

Malignant Melanoma of the Urethra

Chapter 15: Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Hydatidiform Mole

Complete Versus Partial Hydatidiform Mole

Clinical Features

Natural History

Diagnosis

Treatment

Follow-Up

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Nonmetastatic Disease

Metastatic Disease and Choriocarcinoma

Staging

Prognostic Scoring System

Diagnostic Evaluation

Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Chemotherapy

Single-Agent Chemotherapy

Combination Chemotherapy

Subsequent Pregnancies

Chapter 16: Breast Disease

Detection

Physical Examination

Breast Imaging

Benign Breast Conditions

Fibrocystic Change

Benign Tumors

Breast Cancer

Predisposing Factors

Diagnosis

Pathology and Natural History

Biology of Breast Cancer

Staging

Treatment of Breast Cancer

Surgery

Other Breast Diseases

Future Fertility

Prognosis

Chemoprevention

Chapter 17: Cancer in Pregnancy

Diagnosis

Staging

Interdisciplinary Review

Surgery During Pregnancy

Radiation During Pregnancy

Chemotherapy During Pregnancy

Pharmacokinetics

Transplacental Passage of Chemotherapeutic Drugs

Obstetric Management

Fetal Outcome After Antenatal Exposure to Chemotherapy

Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Pregnancy

Management of Cancer in Pregnancy

Invasive Cervical Cancer

Breast Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

Vulvar Cancer

Malignant Melanoma

Hematologic Malignancy

Section III: Medical and Surgical Topics

Chapter 18: Preoperative Evaluation, Medical Management, and Critical Care

Preoperative Evaluation

Cardiovascular

Pulmonary

Diabetes Mellitus

Thyroid Disorders

Corticosteroids

Thromboembolic Disease Prevention

Preoperative Testing

Prevention of Surgical Site Infection

Postoperative Management

Cardiovascular

Respiratory Failure

Renal Insufficiency, Fluids, and Electrolytes

Nutrition

Blood Replacement

Clotting Disorders

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusions

Venous Thromboembolism

Postoperative Fever

Infection

Chapter 19: Nutritional Therapy

Normal Body Metabolism

Calories

Dietary Calories

Body Stores

Metabolism During Starvation

Malnutrition

Risk Factors

Etiology of Malnutrition in the Cancer Patient

Definitions and Classification

Diagnosis

Nutritional Support

Caloric Requirements

Provision of Nutritional Support

Chapter 20: Surgical Techniques

Central Lines

Subclavian Venous Catheterization

Jugular Venous Catheterization

Dynamic Ultrasonic Technique

Semipermanent and Permanent Lines

Intraperitoneal Catheters

Incisions for Laparotomy

Vertical Incisions

Transverse Incisions

Incisional Closure

Intestinal Operations

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)

Minor Intestinal Operations

Major Intestinal Operations

Intestinal Staplers

Stapling Technique

Upper Abdominal Cytoreduction

Omentectomy

Splenectomy

Liver Mobilization, Diaphragm Stripping, and Resection

Urinary Tract Operations

Cystoscopy

Cystostomy

Ureteric Obstruction

Ureteral Reanastomosis (Ureteroureterostomy)

Ureteroneocystostomy

Transureteroureterostomy

Permanent Urinary Diversion

Reconstructive Operations

Grafts

Vaginal Reconstruction

Vulvar and Perineal Reconstruction

Pelvic Floor Reconstruction

Chapter 21: Laparoscopy

Laparoscopic Pelvic and Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy

Infrarenal Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy

Indications for Laparoscopic Surgery

Endometrial Cancer

Cervical Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

Complications

Technique

Preoperative Preparation

Operative Approach

Postoperative Management

Chapter 22: Robotics

Robotic Surgery: Development of a New Operating System

Robotic System: Da Vinci Surgical System®

Robotic System Components

Patient Positioning, Docking, and Instrumentation

Other Robotic Systems Currently Available or Under Development

Application of Robotics to Gynecologic Cancers

Endometrial Cancer

Cervical Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

Pelvic Exenteration

Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Complications Specific to Robotic Surgery

Cost of Robotic Surgery

Training and Education During the Robotic Era

Future Developments in Robotics

Summary

Chapter 23: Pelvic Exenteration

History of Exenteration

Indications

Patient Selection

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Preoperative Patient Preparation

Operative Technique

Anterior Exenteration

Supralevator Total Exenteration

Total Exenteration with Perineal Phase

Posterior Exenteration

Low Rectal Anastomosis during Pelvic Exenteration

Urinary Diversion

Postoperative Care

Complications

Gastrointestinal Complications

Urinary Tract Complications

Results

Intraoperative Radiation Therapy

Quality of Life

Section IV: Quality of Life

Chapter 24: Communication Skills

Why Shared Understanding Matters

Who is Responsible for Discussing Goals of Medical Treatment?

Barriers to Communication Around Treatment Goals

Are Communication Skills Around Serious Illness Teachable?

Strategies at the Start

Discussing Prognosis

Patient-Centered Cancer Treatment Plans: An Evolving Reference Document for Patients

An Ongoing Conversation

Balancing Hope and Honesty

Responding to Emotion

Best Case and Worst Case: A Tool for High-Stakes Surgical Decisions

Breaking Bad News

Making a Recommendation

Code Status

Total Parenteral Nutrition

When More Chemotherapy May Not Be the Answer

Involving Family Members

Involving a Palliative Medicine Team

Differences Between Palliative Medicine and Hospice

Summary

Chapter 25: Symptom Relief and Palliative Care

Practical Aspects of Palliative Care

Assessment

Clinical Decision Making

Evaluation of Outcomes

Discussing Prognosis

Symptoms and Their Relief

Pain Management

Special Considerations in Pain Management

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Respiratory Symptoms

Urinary Tract Symptoms

Edema

Fatigue

Hypercalcemia

Wound Care

Family Caregivers

Care of the Patient Close to Death

Advance Care Planning

Ethical Issues

A Final Note

Chapter 26: Psychological Issues

Responses to Gynecologic Screening and Early Diagnostic Procedures

Screening

Colposcopy

Consultation With a Gynecologic Oncologist

Responses to Diagnosis and the Importance of Screening for Psychological Distress and Sexual Function

Biobehavioral

Screening for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms

Assessment of Sexual Functioning

Responses to Treatment

Surgery

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy

Responses to Being “Off Treatment”

Responses of Survivors

Recurrence and Progressive Disease

Interventions for Psychological Morbidity

Informational Needs

Reducing Stress, Enhancing Coping, and Treating Anxiety and Depression

Sexuality Morbidity and Related Interventions

Sexual Morbidity

Assessment of Sexual Morbidity

Interventions for Specific Problems

Sexual Therapy

Conclusion

Index

 

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An aparitie	25 July 2020
Autor	Jonathan S. Berek
Dimensiuni	15.3 x 3.6 x 22.9 cm
Editura	Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781975142643
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	975