Radiologic Physics: The Essentials

 

Description:

 

Perfect for residents to use during rotations, or as a quick review for practicing radiologists and fellows, Radiologic Physics: The Essentials is a complete, concise overview of the most important knowledge in this complex field. Each chapter begins with learning objectives and ends with board-style questions that help you focus your learning. A self-assessment examination at the end of the book tests your mastery of the content and prepares you for exams.

 

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Table of Contents:

 

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts

RADIATION AND ATOM

Radiation

Atom

INTERACTIONS OF RADIATION WITH MATTER

Particle interactions

X-ray and gamma-ray interactions

Absorption of energy from X- and gamma rays

IMAGE QUALITY

Contrast

Noise

Contrast resolution

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution

INFORMATICS IN MEDICAL IMAGING

Digital images

Image storage

Image display

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 2 X-ray Imaging: Fundamentals

X-RAY INTERACTION

Types of interactions

X-ray attenuation

X-RAY PRODUCTION

Bremsstrahlung radiation

Characteristic radiation

X-RAY TUBES

Cathode

Anode

X-ray tube insert

X-ray tube housing

Grid-biased tubes

Filtration

Collimators

X-RAY GENERATORS

Electromagnetic induction and voltage transformation

Autotransformers

Other components

Operator console

Generator power supply

FACTORS AFFECTING X-RAY PRODUCTION

Automatic exposure control

SYSTEM RATINGS

Power ratings

Heat loading

Exposure rating charts

Anode cooling chart and house cooling chart

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 3 X-ray Imaging: Radiography and Fluoroscopy

RADIOGRAPHY

Radiographic technologies

Scatter management

Automatic exposure control

Radiographic techniques: image quality versus technical parameters

FLUOROSCOPY

Overview

II-based fluoroscopic systems

FPD-based fluoroscopic systems

Operating modes

Automatic Brightness Control

DOSIMETRY FOR RADIOGRAPHY AND FLUOROSCOPY

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 4 X-ray Imaging: Mammography

OVERVIEW

X-RAY BEAM

Tube voltage

Cathode

Anode target

Beam filter

Target-filter combination

Tube tilting and orientation

IMAGE RECEPTOR

Screen-film cassette

Digital detector

BREAST COMPRESSION

MAGNIFICATION MODE

SCATTER MANAGEMENT

STEREOTACTIC BREAST BIOPSY

TOMOSYNTHESIS

RADIATION DOSE

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 5 X-ray Imaging: Computed Tomography

INTRODUCTION

CT SYSTEM

X-ray tube

X-ray beam collimator

X-ray beam filter

Detector

Gantry

CT RECONSTRUCTION

Analytic reconstruction

Iterative reconstruction

CT TECHNIQUES

Axial scan

Helical scan

Cine scan

Gated scan

Tube current modulation

Dual-source CT

Dual-energy CT

CT IMAGE QUALITY

Contrast resolution

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution

Summary of CT image quality

CT ARTIFACTS

Beam hardening

Photon starvation

Aliasing

Metal

Truncation

Motion

Detector nonuniformity

RADIATION DOSE IN CT

Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI)

Dose Length Product (DLP)

Size-specific Dose Estimate

Effective dose

CT FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

CONE BEAM CT

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BASIC CONCEPTS

Magnetism

Magnets

Coils

Nuclei capable of MR signal production

Behaviors of spins inside a static magnetic field

IMAGE FORMATION

Signal production

Signal detection

Signal localization

IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND k-SPACE

PULSE SEQUENCES

Spin echo

Gradient echo

Inversion recovery

FAST MRI

Acquisition time of standard 2D spin-echo sequences

Multislice acquisition

Fast pulse sequences

Parallel imaging

IMAGE QUALITY

Voxel size

Number of excitations

Bandwidth

f factor

ARTIFACTS

Motion artifacts

Field-inhomogeneity-related artifacts

Susceptibility artifacts

Chemical shift artifacts

Wraparound artifacts

RF leak artifacts

MR SAFETY

MR safety aspects

MR zoning

ADVANCED APPLICATIONS

MR angiography

Diffusion MRI

Perfusion MRI

MR spectroscopy

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 7 Ultrasound Imaging

ULTRASOUND CHARACTERISTICS

Ultrasound: A special sound wave

Ultrasound interactions

ULTRASOUND IMAGE ACQUISITION

Transducer

Ultrasound beam properties

Beam former

Pulser/Transmitter

Preamplification and analog-to-digital conversion

Receiver

Scan converter

ULTRASOUND IMAGE DISPLAY AND STORAGE

Electronic scanning and real-time display

DOPPLER ULTRASOUND

Doppler frequency shift

Continuous and pulsed mode doppler operation

Duplex scanning

Doppler spectral interpretation

Color flow imaging

Power doppler

ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IMAGING

Harmonic imaging

Contrast agents

ULTRASOUND IMAGE QUALITY AND ARTIFACTS

Image quality

Artifacts

ACOUSTIC POWER AND BIOEFFECTS

Acoustic power and intensity of pulsed ultrasound

Intensity measures of pulsed ultrasound

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 8 Nuclear Medicine: Fundamentals

INTRODUCTION

RADIOACTIVITY

Decay Constant and Physical Half-Life

Modes of Decay

RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION

RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS

Mechanisms of radiopharmaceutical localization

Radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical characteristics

Radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical quality control

RADIATION DOSES FROM RADIONUCLIDES

Measures of Patient Radiation Dose

REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS IN CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Medical Events

NOTIFICATION OF A MEDICAL EVENT

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 9 Nuclear Medicine: Radiation Detection and Nuclear Imaging

RADIATION DETECTION

Gas-filled detectors

Scintillation detectors

Semiconductor detectors

Detection efficiency

Nuclear counting statistics

NUCLEAR IMAGING: SCINTIGRAPHY

Scintillation camera

NUCLEAR IMAGING: EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Positron emission tomography

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Chapter 10 Radiation Biology and Safety

INTRODUCTION

RADIATION BIOLOGY

Stochastic effects and deterministic effects

Interaction of low energy electrons with tissue

Interactions of free radicals with tissue

Relative biologic effectiveness

Molecular and cellular responses to radiation

Organ system responses to radiation

Whole-body response to radiation

Cancer effects of radiation—carcinogenesis

Noncancer radiation effects

In utero effects

RADIATION SAFETY

Sources of radiation exposure

Radiation monitoring

Radiation detection

Radiation control and radiation protection

Radiation protection for diagnostic and interventional applications

Radiation protection for Nuclear Medicine

Regulatory requirements

Appropriate use of radiation on pregnant patients

CHAPTER SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Self-Assessment Exam

Index

 

An aparitie	4 Nov. 2019
Autor	QI
Dimensiuni	21.59 x 1.78 x 27.94 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781496386298
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	260
Versiune digitala	DA