Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases

This book aims to provide clinicians with a refined understanding of the biology that underlies periodontal diseases, thereby offering a sound basis for improved clinical decision making with regard to prevention strategies, diagnosis, and therapy. All significant aspects of periodontal pathogenesis are covered, including the roles played by the oral microbiome and biofilms, bacterial virulence factors, cells of the immune system, matrix metalloproteinases, proinflammatory and osteolytic cytokines, genetic factors, and antimicrobial peptides. Periodontal diseases are among the most common infectious diseases in humans, and the primary cause of tooth loss in adults. The functional and esthetic problems associated with these diseases compromise quality of life, and their treatment imposes large financial burdens on national health systems and private patients. Up-to-date knowledge of periodontal pathogenesis is therefore essential for the contemporary clinician. This book, written by experts from Europe and the Americas, delivers such knowledge in an accessible, clinician-friendly way.

·  1: Periodontal Pathogenesis: Definitions and Historical Perspectives

·  1.1 Introduction: Realizations from an Epidemiological Perspective

·  1.2 Definition of Periodontal Disease from a Historical Perspective

·  1.3 The Eras of “Pitius” and “Calculus”

·  1.4 The Era of “Periodontosis” and “Pyorrhea Alveolaris”

·  1.5 The Eras of Histopathology and Microbial Causation

·  1.6 The Era of “Nonspecific Plaque” Hypothesis and Experimental Gingivitis

·  1.7 The Era of “Specific Plaque” Hypothesis and Periodontal Pathogenesis

·  1.8 Periodontal Pathogenesis Based on Description of Histopathological Features

·  1.9 Current Paradigm of Periodontal Pathogenesis

·  1.10 Pending Clinical Questions in the Era Systems Biology

·  References

·  2: Diversity of Oral Biofilms in Periodontal Health and Disease

·  2.1 The Oral Real Estate

·  2.2 Bacterial Diversity in Health

·  2.3 Bacterial Diversity in Periodontal Disease: Historical Perspective

·  2.4 Specific Microorganisms Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease

·  References

·  3: Subgingival Biofilms as Etiological Factors of Periodontal Disease

·  3.1 Definition of Subgingival Plaque as a Biofilm

·  3.2 Oral Biofilms: Microenvironment and Etiological Role in Oral Disease

·  3.2.1 Subgingival Biofilms and Their Association with Periodontitis

·  3.2.2 Composition and Structure of Subgingival Biofilms: General Concepts

·  3.2.3 Subgingival Biofilm Composition as Revealed by Metagenomics

·  3.3 In Vitro Modeling of Subgingival Biofilms

·  References

·  4: Bacterial Virulence Factors that Contribute to Periodontal Pathogenesis

·  4.1 Overview

·  4.2 Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

·  4.3 Periodontal Bacteria and Their Virulence Factors

·  4.4 Transmission Pattern and Colonization

·  4.5 Colonization and Infection

·  4.6 The Role of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans

·  4.7 The Role of Porphyromonas Gingivalis

·  4.8 Concluding Remarks

·  References

·  5: Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8: Contributor to Periodontitis and a Missing Link Between Gene

·  5.1 Introduction

·  5.2 GCF Monitoring of Periodontitis by aMMP-8

·  5.3 Saliva and Mouthrinse Monitoring of Periodontitis by aMMP-8

·  5.4 Chairside Monitoring of Periodontitis by aMMP-8

·  References

·  6: Inflammatory Pathways of Bone Resorption in Periodontitis

·  6.1 Introduction

·  6.2 Generalities of Inflammation in Periodontitis Pathogenesis

·  6.2.1 From Health to Inflammatory Immune Response: How Homeostasis Evolves to Disease

·  6.2.2 The Parallels Between Acute Inflammation and Innate Immune Response

·  6.2.3 Osteoimmunology and the Molecular Connection

·  6.2.4 Chronic Inflammation and Adaptive Immune Response in Periodontitis

·  6.2.5 Adaptive Immune Responses May be Also Protective: A Role for Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)

·  6.3 Risk Determinants to Alveolar Bone Resorption in Periodontitis

·  6.3.1 Acquired Risk Factors

·  6.3.1.1 Tobacco

·  6.3.1.2 Immune Deficiencies

·  6.3.1.3 Metabolic Diseases

·  6.3.2 Innate Risk Determinants

·  6.4 Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Periodontitis: From the Bench to the Dental Chair

·  References

·  7: Genetic Influences on the Periodontal Microbial-Host Crosstalk

·  7.1 Introduction

·  7.2 Infectogenomics

·  7.3 Evidence for Genetic Variants Influencing the Response to Microbial Challenge

·  7.3.1 Microbial Recognition Genes

·  7.3.2 Genes Involved in Inflammatory Pathways

·  7.4 Genetic Effects on Microbial Colonization: Studies in Periodontal Disease

·  7.5 Challenges and Future Directions

·  References

·  8: Antimicrobial Peptides: Roles in Periodontal Health and Disease

·  8.1 Antimicrobial Peptides

·  8.2 Introduction

·  8.3 History of AMPs

·  8.4 AMPs Grouping

·  8.5 AMPs in the Periodontium

·  8.6 Double Edge Swards

·  8.7 The Homeostasis Between AMPs and the Microbiota

·  8.8 AMP Cell Membrane Interaction

·  8.9 AMPs and Endotoxins

·  References

·  9: Periodontal Pathogenesis: Conclusions and Future Directions

·  9.1 Future Directions in Diagnosis and Treatment of Periodontal Disease

An aparitie	2018
Autor	Bostanci, Nagihan, Belibasakis, Georgios N.
Dimensiuni	19.1 x 1.2 x 26.7 cm
Editura	Springer
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9783319537351
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	114