Intraocular Tumors: An Atlas and Textbook Third Edition

Description:

For outstanding visual clarity in ocular diagnosis … nothing else comes close.In this updated and revised third edition, world-renowned authorities at the Wills Eye Hospital provide outstanding guidance on recognition, evaluation, and treatment of ocular tumors, highlighted by more than 2,500 stunning photographs and surgical drawings. This unsurpassed ocular oncology resource is a comprehensive guide to the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and pathology of intraocular tumors and pseudotumors, depicting clinical variations, treatment, and histopathologic characteristics of the many varied benign and malignant lesions that affect the uveal tract, retina, and other intraocular structures. Now brought thoroughly up to date with recent clinical and scientific innovations, this unique volume has been greatly expanded with over 25% new material, and offers more high-quality images than any other text/atlas in the field

.•Presents each entity in an easy-to-follow format: a concise description with references on the left-hand page and six illustrations on the right-hand page.

•Depicts in precise photographic detail the gross and microscopic features that distinguish each condition, while professional drawings and intraoperative photographs demonstrate key surgical principles and procedures.

•Features numerous new references regarding diagnosis and treatment, as well as new scientific tables containing key information for your clinical practice.

•Features 25% new images, including panoramic images, surgical images, diagnostic testing images from multiple modalities, and updated OCT images with numerous enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT)

.•Covers new information on evolving conditions such as the management of choroidal nevus and melanoma with guidance for early detection using risk factors; information on the newest treatment for retinoblastoma with intra-arterial and intravenous chemotherapy; management of intraocular tumors with photodynamic therapy.  Important new information on genetics of uveal melanoma, the implications of genetics, and treatment outcomes is describedNow with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive digital edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:

•Complete content with enhanced navigation

•Powerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web

•Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation

•Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text

•Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues

•Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use

Table of Contents:

Part 1: Tumors of the Uveal Tract

Chapter 1: Congenital Uveal Lesions

Intraocular Lacrimal Gland Choristoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Intraocular Lacrimal Gland Choristoma

Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis: External Features

Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis: Fundus Features

Congenital Oculodermal Melanocytosis (Nevus of OTA) in Non-Caucasians

Uveal Melanoma Associated with Ocular and Oculodermal Melanocytosis

Multifocal and Bilateral Uveal Melanoma Associated with Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis

Diffuse and Sector Oculodermal Melanocytosis with Related Melanoma

Intracranial Melanoma Associated with Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis

Chapter 2: Melanocytic Tumors of Iris Stroma

Chapter 2 Introduction

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Imaging

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 2.1: The ABCDEF guide for factors predictive of iris nevus transformation into iris melanoma

Iris Freckle and Iris Nevus: Pigmented Variations

Iris Nevus: Nonpigmented and Minimally Pigmented Variations

Iris Nevus: Effects on Adjacent Structures

Iris Melanocytoma

Iris Melanocytoma with Secondary Glaucoma (Melanocytomalytic Glaucoma)

Iris Melanocytoma with Documented Growth

Iris Melanoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 2.2: Iris Melanoma based on American Joint Cancer Committee (AJCC, 7th edition) classification

Table 2.3: Cumulative metastasis and death from iris melanoma: Comparison between children, mid-adults, and older adults

Iris Melanoma: Pigmented Variations

Iris Melanoma: Nonpigmented Variations

Iris Melanoma: Atypical Clinical Variations

Iris Melanoma: Tapioca Type

Iris Melanoma: Tapioca Type Simulating Cogan–Reese Syndrome

Diffuse Iris Melanoma

Iris Melanoma Imaging with Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Diffuse Iris Melanoma Managed with Enucleation

Diffuse Iris Melanoma Management

Diffuse Iris Melanoma Managed with Plaque Brachytherapy

Iris Melanoma in a Patient with Familial Atypical Mole Syndrome (Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome)

Iris Melanoma: Management by Sector Iridectomy and Iridogoniocyclectomy

Iris Melanoma: Management by Sector Iridectomy and Pupilloplasty

Iris Melanoma: Management of Unresectable Tumor by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Plaque Radiotherapy

Iris Melanoma: Management of Unresectable Tumor with Plaque Radiotherapy

Chapter 3: Conditions That Simulate Iris Melanoma

Conditions That Simulate Iris Melanoma

Selected References

Table 3.1: Nonneoplastic lesions simulating iris tumor or melanoma

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome

Iris Foreign Bodies That Simulate Iris Melanoma

Miscellaneous Nonneoplastic Conditions That Simulate Iris Melanoma

Miscellaneous Tumors That Simulate Iris Melanoma

Iris Pigment Epithelial Midzonal Cysts That Simulate Iris Melanoma

Chapter 4: Iris Cysts

Iris Cysts

Cysts of the Iris Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 4.1: Classification of iris cysts

Table 4.2: IPE cysts in 672 cases based on age at presentation

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Pupillary (Central) Type

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Pupillary (Central) Type Associated with Aortic Dissection

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Midzonal Type

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Midzonal Type with Massive Enlargement Requiring Needle Aspiration for Deflation

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Midzonal (Retroiridic) Type

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Free-Floating Type

Iris Pigment Epithelial Cyst: Free-Floating Type with Subsequent Fixation in Anterior Chamber Angle

Iris Stromal Cysts

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 4.3: Iris stromal cysts in 84 cases based on age at presentation

Iris Stromal Cyst: Congenital Type

Iris Stromal Cyst. Congenital Type: Management Was by Aspiration and Alcohol Irrigation

Iris Stromal Cyst: Primary Acquired Type

Iris Stromal Cyst: Imaging with Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Iris Stromal Cyst: Primary Acquired Type. Natural Course and Treatment

Iris Stromal Cyst: Secondary Acquired Type Following Nonsurgical and Surgical Trauma

Chapter 5: Choroidal Nevus

Chapter 5 Introduction

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 5.1: Choroidal nevus growth into melanoma based on risk factors in 2,514 consecutive cases. The mnemonic “To Find Small Ocular Melanoma Using Helpful Hints Daily”

Choroidal Nevus Pigmented Variations

Choroidal Nevus: Nonpigmented Variations

Choroidal Nevus: Clinical Variations

Choroidal Nevus: Effects on Adjacent Structures

Choroidal Nevus: Fluorescein Angiography

Choroidal Nevus: Optical Coherence Tomography

Choroidal Nevus: Autofluorescence

Choroidal Nevus: Growth into Choroidal Melanoma

Chapter 6: Melanocytoma of the Optic Disc and Posterior Uvea

Melanocytoma of the Optic Disc and Posterior Uvea

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 6.1: Outcomes of optic nerve melanocytoma

Optic Disc Melanocytoma

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Involvement

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Juxtapapillary Choroidal Involvement

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Associations and Clinical Variations

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Visual Loss from Tumor Necrosis

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Visual Loss from Central Retinal Vascular Obstruction

Optic Disc Melanocytoma: Evolution into Malignant Melanoma

Ciliary Body Melanocytoma

Choroidal Melanocytoma

Choroidal Melanocytoma: Giant Diffuse Variant Giving Rise to Melanoma in a Patient with Oculodermal Melanocytosis

Chapter 7: Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Clinical Features

Clinical Features of Posterior Uveal Melanoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features of Ciliary Body Melanoma

Clinical Features of Choroidal Melanoma

Spontaneous Regression of Choroidal Melanoma

Risk Factors for Growth and Metastasis of Small Melanocytic Choroidal Lesions

Classification of Posterior Uveal Melanoma Using the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Classification

Selected References

Table 7.1: Clinical features of posterior uveal melanoma in 7,748 eyes

Table 7.2: Factors for detection of small choroidal melanoma at tumor thickness ≤3 mm using the mnemonic “To Find Small Ocular Melanoma—Using Helpful Hints Daily”

Table 7.3: Prognosis of posterior uveal melanoma based on tumor thickness in 7,354 cases

Table 7.4: Classification of choroidal melanoma using the American Joint Commission on Cancer Classification (AJCC), 7th edition. Tumor category

Table 7.5: Posterior uveal melanoma category based on American Joint Cancer Committee (AJCC, 7th edition) classification subsets

Table 7.6: Staging of posterior uveal melanoma based on AJCC classification

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Sentinel Blood Vessels

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Transcleral Extension

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Iris Extension

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Appearance through a Dilated Pupil

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Wide-Angle Imaging

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Cavitary Variant

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Ring Variant with Extraocular Extension and Secondary Glaucoma

Choroidal Melanoma: Detection of Small Melanoma with Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography

Choroidal Melanoma: Pigmented Variations

Choroidal Melanoma: Partly Pigmented Variations

Choroidal Melanoma: Nonpigmented Variant

Choroidal Melanoma: Mushroom-Shaped Tumors with Pigmented Dome

Choroidal Melanoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Mushroom-Shaped Tumors with Pigmented Dome

Choroidal Melanoma: Mushroom-Shaped Tumors with Nonpigmented Dome

Choroidal Melanoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Mushroom-Shaped Tumors with Nonpigmented Dome. More Variations in Size and Shape of Choroidal Melanomas Are Shown

Choroidal Melanoma: Effects on Adjacent Structures

Choroidal Melanoma: Retinal and Vitreal Invasion

Choroidal Melanoma: Retinal Vein Dilation Secondary to Retinal Invasion

Choroidal Melanoma: Diffuse Growth Pattern

Choroidal Melanoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Diffuse Tumors

Choroidal Melanoma: Diffuse Tumor with Optic Nerve Invasion

Choroidal Melanoma: Diffuse Tumor Presenting as Atypical Extraocular Extension

Choroidal Melanoma: Advanced Tumor Presenting with Acute Glaucoma

Choroidal Melanoma: Advanced Tumor Presenting with Massive Extraocular Extension

Choroidal Melanoma: Intracranial Extension of Unsuspected Tumor Causing Bilateral Visual Loss

Choroidal Melanoma in Young Patients

Choroidal Melanoma in Non-Whites

Choroidal Melanoma: Spontaneous Necrosis and Regression

Chapter 8: Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Pathology

Pathology of Posterior Uveal Melanoma

Selected References

Table 8.1: Histopathologic features of uveal melanoma in 1,526 cases

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Gross Features

Choroidal Melanoma: Gross Features

Choroidal Melanoma: Mushroom-Shaped Configuration

Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Cell Types

Choroidal Melanoma: Clinicopathologic Correlations

Chapter 9: Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Diagnostic Approaches

Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Diagnostic Approaches

General Considerations

Transillumination

Fluorescein Angiography and Indocyanine Green Angiography

Ultrasonography

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Radioactive Phosphorus Uptake Test

Optical Coherence Tomography

Autofluorescence

Selected References

Choroidal Melanoma: Fluorescein Angiography of a Dome-Shaped Tumor

Choroidal Melanoma: Fluorescein Angiography of a Mushroom-Shaped Tumor

Choroidal Melanoma: Fluorescein Angiography of a Tumor with Overlying Choroidal Neovascular Membrane

Choroidal Melanoma: Indocyanine Green Angiography

Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma: Ultrasonography And Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma: Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Choroidal Melanoma: Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography

Choroidal Melanoma: Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging

Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma: Radioactive Phosphorus Uptake Test And Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Choroidal Melanoma: Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Choroidal Melanoma: Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in an Eye Presenting with Vitreous Hemorrhage

Choroidal Melanoma: Genetic Testing Using Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Chapter 10: Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Management

Chapter 10: Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Management

Observation

Laser Photocoagulation

Transpupillary Thermotherapy

Charged Particle Irradiation

Plaque Brachytherapy

Other Radiation Methods

Local Resection

Enucleation

Orbital Exenteration

Combination Methods

Genetic Studies

Systemic Treatment

Selected References

Choroidal Melanoma: Observation

Choroidal Melanoma: Small Tumors That Were Initially Observed and Eventually Showed Growth And Developed Metastasis

Choroidal Melanoma: Argon Laser Photocoagulation or Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Small Tumors

Choroidal Melanoma: Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Small Tumors

Choroidal Melanoma: Transpupillary Thermotherapy for a Small Tumor with Documented Growth

Choroidal Melanoma: Transpupillary Thermotherapy

Choroidal Melanoma: Transpupillary Thermotherapy

Choroidal Melanoma: Side Effects of Transpupillary Thermotherapy

Choroidal Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Small- to Medium-Sized Tumors

Choroidal Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Medium-Sized Tumors. Wide-Angle Imaging

Choroidal Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Medium-Sized and Large Tumors. Wide-Angle Imaging

Choroidal Melanoma: Early Response to Plaque Radiotherapy

Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Large Tumors

Choroidal Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Mushroom-Shaped Tumors

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy

Choroidal Melanoma: Management of Juxtapapillary Melanoma with Plaque Radiotherapy and Thermotherapy

Choroidal Melanoma: Combined Plaque Radiotherapy and Transpupillary Thermotherapy

Ciliary Body Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for a Tumor with an Extraocular Extension

Choroidal Melanoma: Ultrasonography Following Plaque Radiotherapy

Choroidal Melanoma: Side Effects of Plaque Radiotherapy

Ciliochoroidal Melanoma: Local Resection by Partial Lamellar Cyclochoroidectomy

Ciliochoroidal Melanoma: Local Resection by Partial Lamellar Cyclochoroidectomy in an Eye with Extensive Retinal Detachment

Ciliochoroidal Melanoma: Results of Partial Lamellar Sclerouvectomy. Long-Term Results

Choroidal Melanoma: Local Resection by Partial Lamellar Sclerochoroidectomy with 20-Year Follow-Up

Choroidal Melanoma: Enucleation for a Large Tumor. Wide-Angle Imaging by Equator-Plus Camera

Choroidal Melanoma: Enucleation for Large Tumors. Wide-Angle Imaging

Choroidal Melanoma: Enucleation for Small- and Medium-Sized Melanomas

Choroidal Melanoma: Enucleation for Small- and Medium-Sized Tumors

Choroidal Melanoma: Modified Enucleation Using a Lateral Orbitotomy Approach for a Tumor with Sizeable Orbital Extension

Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Orbital Exenteration and Modified Enucleation for Recurrent Orbital Tumor Following Treatment of Uveal Melanoma

Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Orbital Exenteration for a Tumor with a Massive Orbital Extension

Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Orbital Exenteration Following Evisceration Elsewhere for Unsuspected Uveal Melanoma That Simulated Endophthalmitis

Chapter 11: Nonneoplastic Conditions That Can Simulate Posterior Uveal Melanoma and Other Intraocular Neoplasms

Nonneoplastic Conditions That Can Simulate Posterior Uveal Melanoma and Other Intraocular Neoplasms

Selected References

Table 11.1: Choroidal pseudomelanomas in 1,739 cases. Top 30 diagnoses

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm with Hemorrhage Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Miscellaneous Subretinal and Intraretinal Hemorrhages Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Choroidal Neovascular Membrane in Young Patients Simulating Choroidal Melanoma and Nevus

Choroidal Hemorrhage Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Vortex Vein Varix Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Nodular Posterior Scleritis Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Uveal Effusion Simulating Ciliochoroidal Melanoma

Choroidal Granulomas (Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis) Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Solitary Idiopathic Choroiditis Simulating Amelanotic Choroidal Melanoma

Solitary Infectious Fundus Lesions Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation: Clinical Variations

Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation Simulating Uveal Melanoma

Miscellaneous Conditions Simulating Posterior Uveal Melanoma

Miscellaneous Other Conditions That Simulate Posterior Uveal Melanoma

Chapter 12: Metastatic Tumors to the Uvea, Retina, and Optic Disc

Metastatic Tumors to the Intraocular Structures

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Iris Metastasis from Breast Cancer

Iris Metastasis from Cutaneous Melanoma

Iris Metastasis from Miscellaneous Sites

Iridociliary and Ciliary Body Metastasis

Choroidal Metastasis from Breast Cancer

Choroidal Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Multifocal and Bilateral Tumors

Choroidal Metastasis from Lung Cancer

Choroidal Metastasis from Cutaneous Melanoma

Choroidal Metastasis from Choroidal Melanoma

Choroidal Metastasis from Carcinoid Tumors

Choroidal Metastasis from Kidney, Bile Duct, and Esophageal Carcinomas

Choroidal Metastasis from Undetermined Primary Sites, Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Uveal Metastasis from Sarcomas

Choroidal Metastasis: Effects on Adjacent Structures

Orange-Colored Choroidal Metastasis

Choroidal Metastasis: Pathology

Choroidal Metastasis: Metastasis from Lung Carcinoma Simulating Sarcoidosis

Mushroom-Shaped Choroidal Metastasis

Choroidal Metastasis: Clinicopathologic Correlation of Metastasis from an Undetermined Primary Neoplasm

Choroidal Metastasis: Fluorescein Angiography

Choroidal Metastasis: Ultrasonography

Choroidal Metastasis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Choroidal Metastasis: Fundus Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography

Choroidal Metastasis: Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Choroidal Metastasis: Response to External Beam Radiotherapy

Choroidal Metastasis: Response to Plaque Radiotherapy

Choroidal Metastasis: Response to Photodynamic Therapy

Optic Disc Metastasis

Retinal and Vitreal Metastasis

Retinal Metastasis from Esophageal Carcinoma

Chapter 13: Vascular Tumors and Malformations of the Uvea

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Clinical Features

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Wide-Angle Imaging

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Effects on Adjacent Structures

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green Angiography

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Ultrasonography

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Fundus Autofluorescence

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Clinicopathologic Correlation of a Progressively Enlarging Tumor

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Clinicopathologic Correlation of a Large Tumor Simulating Choroidal Melanoma

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Laser Photocoagulation and Photodynamic Therapy

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Photodynamic Therapy

Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma: Photodynamic Therapy

Choroidal Hemangioma: Plaque Radiotherapy

Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma: Sturge–weber Syndrome

Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma: Sturge–weber Syndrome

Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma: Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sturge–weber Syndrome

Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma: External Beam Radiotherapy and Plaque Radiotherapy

Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis

Uveal Hemangiopericytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Choroidal Hemangiopericytoma

Iris Vascular Tumors and Malformations

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Iris Capillary and Cavernous Hemangioma

Iris Cavernous Hemangioma: Isolated Case, and Case with Cutaneous and Central Nervous System Cavernous Hemangioma

Iris Arteriovenous Communication (Racemose Hemangioma)

Iris Varix

Chapter 14: Osseous, Myogenic, Neurogenic, Fibrous, and Histiocytic Tumors of the Uvea

Choroidal Osteoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Choroidal Osteoma: Clinical Features

Choroidal Osteoma: Wide-Angle Imaging

Choroidal Osteoma: Choroidal Neovascularization, Decalcification, and Familial Occurrence

Choroidal Osteoma: Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Findings

Choroidal Osteoma: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Clinicopathologic Correlation

Myogenic Tumors of the Uvea

Uveal Leiomyoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Uveal Leiomyoma: Clinical Variations

Uveal Leiomyoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Uveal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Uveal Rhabdomyosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Iris and Ciliary Body Rhabdomyosarcomas

Uveal Schwannoma (Neurilemoma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Uveal Schwannoma (Neurilemoma)

Choroidal Melanotic Schwannoma

Uveal Neurofibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Other Uveal Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Uveal Involvement in Neurofibromatosis: Lisch Nodules and Uveal Neurofibroma

Uveal Juvenile Xanthogranuloma and Langerhans— Cell Histiocytosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Diagnostic Approaches

Management

Selected References

Iris Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Clinical Features and Response to Treatment

Uveal Juvenile Xanthogranuloma and Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis

Fibrous Histiocytoma, Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, and Other Histiocytic Tumors of the Uvea

Selected References

Miscellaneous Uveal Tumors: Fibrous Histiocytoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Part 2: Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc

Chapter 15: Retinoblastoma: Introduction, Genetics, Clinical Features, Classification

Retinoblastoma: Introduction, Genetics, and Clinical Features

Introduction

Genetics

Clinical Features

Spontaneous Regression

International Classification of Retinoblastoma

Selected References

Table 15.1: The international classification of retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma: Leukocoria

Retinoblastoma: Clinical Features

Retinoblastoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Small Tumors

Retinoblastoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Medium-Sized Tumors

Retinoblastoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Large Tumors

Retinoblastoma: Exophytic Growth Pattern

Retinoblastoma: Endophytic Growth Pattern

Retinoblastoma: Diffuse Growth Pattern

Retinoblastoma Presenting with Neovascular Glaucoma

Retinoblastoma Presenting as Orbital Cellulitis

Retinoblastoma: Massive Extraocular Extension

Retinoblastoma: Congenital Aggressive Type

Retinoblastoma in Older Children

Retinoblastoma: International Classification of Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma: Spontaneously Arrested and Spontaneously Regressed Tumors (Retinocytoma)

Retinoblastoma: Spontaneously Arrested and Spontaneously Regressed Tumors (Retinocytoma). Wide-Angle Imaging

Spontaneously Regressed Retinoblastoma (Retinocytoma): Malignant Transformation

Retinoblastoma: Associated with Pinealoblastoma (“Trilateral Retinoblastoma”) and Pineal Cyst Simulating Pinealoblastoma

Retinoblastoma: Association with 13Q Deletion Syndrome

Retinoblastoma: Association with Other Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chapter 16: Retinoblastoma: Diagnostic Approaches

Retinoblastoma: Diagnostic Approaches

Fluorescein Angiography

Ultrasonography

Optical Coherence Tomography

Autofluorescence

Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Selected References

Retinoblastoma: Fluorescein Angiography

Retinoblastoma: Wide-Angle Fluorescein Angiography

Retinoblastoma: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Retinoblastoma: Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography for Retinoblastoma

Chapter 17: Retinoblastoma: Pathology

Retinoblastoma: Pathology

Selected References

Retinoblastoma: Pathology, Gross Features

Retinoblastoma: Pathology and Microscopic Features

Retinoblastoma: Cavitary Variant and Clinicopathologic Correlations

Retinoblastoma: High-Risk Pathology Features

Chapter 18: Management of Retinoblastoma

Management of Retinoblastoma

General Considerations

Enucleation

External Beam Radiotherapy

Plaque Radiotherapy

Cryotherapy

Laser Photocoagulation

Transpupillary Thermotherapy

Chemotherapy

Intravenous Chemotherapy (Chemoreduction)

Intra-arterial Chemotherapy

Periocular Chemotherapy

Intravitreal Chemotherapy

Prognosis

Summary

Selected References

Retinoblastoma: Laser Photocoagulation and Cryotherapy

Retinoblastoma: External Beam Radiotherapy

Retinoblastoma: Plaque Radiotherapy

Retinoblastoma: Plaque Radiotherapy

Retinoblastoma: Plaque Radiotherapy, Wide-Angle Imaging and Tumor Regression Patterns

Retinoblastoma: Wide-Angle Imaging of Plaque Radiotherapy for Macular Recurrence of Retinoblastoma after Chemoreduction

Retinoblastoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Tumor Recurrence after Chemoreduction

Retinoblastoma: Chemothermotherapy

Retinoblastoma: Chemoreduction in Bilateral and Unilateral Cases

Retinoblastoma: Combined Chemoreduction and Focal Thermotherapy for Macular Tumors

Retinoblastoma: Chemoreduction and Foveal-Sparing Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Macular Tumors

Retinoblastoma: Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Primary Treatment

Retinoblastoma: Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Secondary Treatment

Retinoblastoma: Intravenous Plus Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Advanced Bilateral Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma: Intravitreal Chemotherapy for Vitreous Seeding

Chemoreduction, Subconjunctival Carboplatin, and External Beam Radiation for Advanced Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma: Enucleation and Harvesting of Fresh Tumor Tissue

Retinoblastoma: Appearance of Prosthesis Following Enucleation in Younger Children

Retinoblastoma: Appearance of the Prosthesis Following Enucleation in Older Children

Chapter 19: Lesions That Can Simulate Retinoblastoma

Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma

Selected References

Table 19.1: Lesions simulating retinoblastoma (pseudoretinoblastoma) in 604 patients

Coats Disease Simulating Retinoblastoma

Advanced Coats Disease Simulating Retinoblastoma: Clinical and Fluorescein Angiographic Features

Coats Disease: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Coats Disease Causing Anterior Chamber Cholesterolosis

Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (Persistent Fetal Vasculature)

Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Simulating Retinoblastoma

Ocular Toxocariasis Simulating Retinoblastoma

Endogenous Endophthalmitis Simulating Retinoblastoma

Idiopathic Intraocular Abscess with Calcification, Simulating Retinoblastoma

Incontinentia Pigmenti Simulating Retinoblastoma

Miscellaneous Conditions Simulating Retinoblastoma

Chapter 20: Vascular Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc

Retinal Hemangioblastoma (Capillary Hemangioma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Retinal Hemangioblastoma

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Wide-Angle Imaging

Retinal Hemangioblastoma (Nodular) of the Optic Nerve

Retinal Hemangioblastoma (Sessile) of the Optic Nerve

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Association with Von Hippel–Lindau Syndrome

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Retinal Hemangioblastoma in Older Patients and in a Patient with Marshall–Stickler Syndrome

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Laser Photocoagulation

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Cryotherapy

Retinal Hemangioblastoma: Photodynamic Therapy

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma: Clinical Variations

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma: 52-Year Follow-Up and Clinicopathologic Correlation

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma: Fluorescein Angiography

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma with Involvement of the Optic Disc

Familial Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma Associated with Central Nervous System and Cutaneous Vascular Anomalies

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma: Clinical Features

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma: Fluorescein Angiography

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma: Advanced Case with Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography

Retinal Racemose Hemangioma Complicated by Branch Retinal Vein Obstruction

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus. Primary Type: Clinical Features

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus. Primary Type: Wide-Angle Imaging

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus. Primary Type: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus: Secondary Type

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus: Secondary Type Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus: Treatment with Laser Photocoagulation, Cryotherapy, or Plaque Radiotherapy

Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Ocular Fundus: Treatment with Photodynamic Therapy or Cryotherapy

Chapter 21: Glial Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc

Solitary Circumscribed Retinal Astrocytic Proliferation

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Solitary Circumscribed Retinal Astrocytic Proliferation

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma, Noncalcified Type: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Calcified Type

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Calcified Type, Clinical and Pathologic Features

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Standard and Wide-Angle Imaging

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Fluorescein Angiography

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Optical Coherence Tomography

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Extraocular Features

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Atypical Variations

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Aggressive Tumor in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Extraocular Extension in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma: Atypical Tumor Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Acquired Retinal Astrocytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Acquired Retinal Astrocytoma

Acquired Retinal Astrocytoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Acquired Retinal Astrocytoma: Clinicopathologic Correlations

Acquired Retinal Astrocytoma: Pigmented Variants Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Acquired Retinal Astrocytoma: Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Management with Photodynamic Therapy

Part 3: Tumors of the Pigment Epithelium, Nonpigmented Epithelium, and Lymphoma/Leukemia

Chapter 22: Tumors and Related Lesions of the Pigment Epithelium

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Clinical Variations

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Wide-Angle Imaging of Predominantly Pigmented Lesions

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Wide-Angle Imaging of Predominantly Nonpigmented Lesions

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Fluorescein Angiography and Histopathology

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Autofluorescence and Optical Coherence Tomography Correlations

Solitary Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Documented Growth in The Basal Dimension

Multifocal Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (Congenital Grouped Pigmentation; Bear Tracks)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Multifocal Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Hamartomas Associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Gardner Syndrome

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Hamartomas Associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Pseudoneoplastic Reactive Hyperplasia of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Pseudoneoplastic Reactive Hyperplasia of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Hyperplasia and Migration of the Pigment Epithelium Simulating a Uveal Melanoma with Extraocular Extension

Congenital Simple Hamartoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Torpedo Maculopathy

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Congenital Simple Hamartoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Torpedo Maculopathy

Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Combined Hamartoma of Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Juxtapapillary Type And Histopathology

Combined Hamartoma of Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Extrapapillary Type

Combined Hamartoma of Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Wide-Angle Imaging and Association with Neurofibromatosis and Brachio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome

Combined Hamartoma of Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Fluorescein Angiography

Combined Hamartoma of Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Optical Coherence Tomography Correlations

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Iris Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Iris Pigment Epithelium

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Iris and Ciliary Body Pigment Epithelium: Clinicopathologic Correlation of a Growing Lesion

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Ciliary Body Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Ciliary Body Pigment Epithelium

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Ciliary Body Pigment Epithelium with Posterior Extension into the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Benign Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Fluorescein Angiography and Ultrasonography

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium in African-American Patients

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Simulating a Melanocytoma

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Simulating Melanoma

Epithelioma of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Simulating a Choroidal Neovascular Membrane

Malignant Epithelioma (Adenocarcinoma) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Arising from Congenital Hypertrophy of the RPE

Malignant Epithelioma (Adenocarcinoma) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Arising from Congenital Hypertrophy of the RPE

Presumed Epithelioma (Adenoma) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Arising from a Laser Scar

Presumed Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Arising from an Inflammatory Scar

Malignant Epithelioma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Aggressive Variant

Chapter 23: Tumors of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium

Congenital Neoplasms (Medulloepithelioma)

Congenital Neoplasms of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium (Intraocular Medulloepithelioma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Ciliary Body Medulloepithelioma: Clinical and Gross Pathologic Features

Malignant Teratoid Medulloepithelioma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Malignant Teratoid Medulloepithelioma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Ciliary Body Medulloepithelioma Simulating Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

Pigmented Malignant Medulloepithelioma of the Ciliary Body

Aggressive Malignant Ciliary Body Medulloepithelioma in an Adult

Medulloepithelioma of the Optic Nerve and Syndromes Related to Medulloepithelioma

Age-Related Hyperplasia of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium (Coronal Adenoma; Fuchs Adenoma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Diagnostic Approaches

Management

Selected References

Age-Related Hyperplasia of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium (Coronal Adenoma; Fuchs Adenoma)

Acquired Epithelioma of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Diagnostic Approaches

Management

Selected References

Benign Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium: Clinical Features

Benign Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Benign Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium: Clinicopathologic Correlation and Treatment

Benign Epithelioma (Adenoma) of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium: Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Body Epithelium: Clinicopathologic Correlations

Chapter 24: Intraocular Lymphoid Tumors and Leukemias

Intraocular Lymphoid Tumors

Introduction to Intraocular Lymphoid Lesions

Selected References

Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Uvea

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Uveal Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

Uveal Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Uveal Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Diagnostic Studies and Treatment

Uveal Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia Masquerading as Birdshot Choroiditis or Sarcoidosis

Uveal Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Wide-Angle Imaging, Ultrasonography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Uveal Lymphoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Uveal Lymphoma: Response to Radiotherapy

Uveal Lymphoma: Optical Coherence Tomography of Calm, Rippled or Seasick Appearance

Uveal Lymphoma: Aggressive Form

Uveal Lymphoma: Aggressive Form Presenting with Painful Secondary Glaucoma

Uveal Lymphoma: Aggressive Form with Orbital Involvement

Uveal Plasmacytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Choroidal Plasmacytoma

Ciliary Body Plasmacytoma

Primary Vitreoretinal and Central Nervous System Lymphoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma

Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Wide-Angle Imaging and Management

Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Spontaneous Regression After Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Intraocular Leukemia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Intraocular and Optic Nerve Involvement with Leukemia

Intraocular and Optic Nerve Involvement with Leukemia: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Chapter 25: Surgical Management of Intraocular Tumors

Chapter 25: Surgical Management of Intraocular Tumors

Selected References

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Instrumentation and Technique

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Anterior Segment Lesions

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Posterior Segment Lesions

Plaque Radiotherapy for Intraocular Tumors: Plaque Design and Application

Application Technique of the Radioactive Plaque

Application of a Radioactive Plaque for a Large Ciliochoroidal Melanoma

Application of Radioactive Plaque for an Iris Tumor

Application of Radioactive Plaque for Advanced Iris Melanoma

Removal of an Iris Tumor by Partial Iridectomy

Removal of an Iridociliary Tumor by Partial Lamellar Iridocyclectomy

Removal of a Peripheral Choroidal Tumor by Partial Lamellar Cyclochoroidectomy

Enucleation

Enucleation Implants: Standard and Coated Hydroxyapatite Implants

Enucleation Conformer and Prosthesis

Enucleation Socket and Prosthesis

Ocular Prosthesis in Young Patients Following Enucleation

Ocular Prosthesis in Adult Patients Following Enucleation

Ocular Prosthesis and Protective Polycarbonate Glasses Following Enucleation

Orbital Exenteration

Orbital Exenteration Prosthesis

Appendix

Remarks

ebookshop

An aparitie	2015
Autor	Dr. Jerry A. Shields, Dr. Carol L. Shields
Dimensiuni	21.8 x 2.3 x 28.2 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9781496321343
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	608