DeJong’s The Neurologic Examination. Eighth edition

 

Description:

This popular reference is the definitive guide on exam techniques for neurology residents, fellows, and practitioners, integrating details of neuroanatomy and diagnosis in an easy-to-read, easy-to-follow format. A new clinical focus, new videos online, and new illustrations makeDeJong’s The Neurologic Examination, 8th Edition,even more useful for mastery of this complex area. Anatomical and exam illustrations ensure proper technique, and illustrative case studies and tables summarize differentials and clinical findings.

 

Table of Contents:

 

SECTION A Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

SECTION B History, Physical Examination, and Overview of the Neurologic Examination

CHAPTER 2 Overview of the Nervous System

NEUROEMBRYOLOGY

BONY ANATOMY

MENINGES

THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

BASAL GANGLIA

THALAMUS

BRAINSTEM

CEREBELLUM

SPINAL CORD

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BLOOD SUPPLY

CHAPTER 3 The Neurologic History

THE PRESENTING COMPLAINT AND THE PRESENT ILLNESS

RETAKING THE HISTORY

THE PAST MEDICAL HISTORY

THE FAMILY HISTORY

SOCIAL HISTORY

REVIEW OF SYSTEMS

HISTORY IN SOME COMMON CONDITIONS

CHAPTER 4 The General Physical Examination

VITAL SIGNS

GENERAL APPEARANCE

HEAD

EYES

EARS

NOSE, MOUTH, AND THROAT

NECK

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND THORAX

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

ABDOMEN

GENITALIA AND RECTUM

SPINE

EXTREMITIES

SKIN

HAIR AND NAILS

NODES

CHAPTER 5 General Outline of the Neurologic Examination

SECTION C Mental Status Examination and Higher Cortical Functions

CHAPTER 6 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres

CORTICAL LAYERS

COMMISSURAL FIBERS

PROJECTION FIBERS

THE INTERNAL CAPSULE

THALAMUS

CHAPTER 7 Functions of the Cerebral Cortex and Regional Cerebral Diagnosis

THE FRONTAL LOBES

THE PREFRONTAL AREA

FRONTAL MOTOR AREAS

THE PARIETAL LOBES

THE OCCIPITAL LOBES

THE TEMPORAL LOBES

CHAPTER 8 The Mental Status Examination

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

ORIENTATION AND ATTENTION

LANGUAGE

MEMORY

CONSTRUCTIONAL TASKS

CALCULATIONS

ABSTRACT THINKING

INSIGHT AND JUDGMENT

FRONTAL LOBE (EXECUTIVE) FUNCTION

OTHER MENTAL STATUS TESTS

ABNORMAL MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA

CHAPTER 9 Disorders of Speech and Language

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF ARTICULATION

TYPES OF SPEECH SOUNDS

EXAMINATION OF ARTICULATION

DISORDERS OF ARTICULATION

NONORGANIC (FUNCTIONAL) SPEECH DISORDERS

APHASIA

ANATOMY OF THE LANGUAGE CENTERS

EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT WITH APHASIA

SPONTANEOUS SPEECH

COMPREHENSION

NAMING

REPETITION

WRITING

READING

CLASSIFICATION OF THE APHASIAS

Broca’s Aphasia (Nonfluent, Expressive, Motor, Anterior, Prerolandic, Executive)

Wernicke’s Aphasia (Fluent, Receptive, Sensory, Posterior, Postrolandic)

Global (Total, Expressive-Receptive, Complete) Aphasia

Conduction (Associative, Commissural, Central, Deep) Aphasia

Anomic (Amnesic, Amnestic, Nominal) Aphasia

Transcortical (Extrasylvian) Aphasia

Subcortical Aphasia

NONDOMINANT HEMISPHERE LANGUAGE DISTURBANCES

ALEXIA AND AGRAPHIA

AMUSIA

SECTION D The Cranial Nerves

CHAPTER 10 Agnosia, Apraxia, and Related Disorders of Higher Cortical Function

DISCONNECTION SYNDROMES

Attentional Deficits

Alien Hand Syndrome

CHAPTER 11 An Overview of Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Anatomy

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE BRAINSTEM

External Anatomy

Brainstem Organization

Reticular Formation

Brainstem Nuclei

Long Tracts

Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

OVERVIEW OF CRANIAL NERVES III–XII

Oculomotor (CN III)

Trochlear (CN IV)

Trigeminal (CN V)

Abducens (CN VI)

Facial (CN VII)

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Vagus (CN X)

Accessory (CN XI)

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

CHAPTER 12 The Olfactory Nerve

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

DISORDERS OF OLFACTORY FUNCTION

CHAPTER 13 The Optic Nerve

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Optic Reflexes

CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND DISORDERS OF FUNCTION

Visual Acuity

Color Vision; Day and Night Vision

The Visual Fields

Visual Field Abnormalities

The Ophthalmoscopic Examination

LOCALIZATION AND DISORDERS OF VISUAL FUNCTION

Prechiasmal Lesions

Distal (Prechiasmal) Optic Neuropathy

Chiasmal Lesions

Retrochiasmal Lesions

Other Abnormalities of the Ocular Fundus

CHAPTER 14 The Ocular Motor Nerves

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

THE OCULOMOTOR NERVE

THE TROCHLEAR NERVE

THE ABDUCENS NERVE

SUPRANUCLEAR CONTROL OF GAZE

THE MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS

SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION

CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND DISORDERS OF FUNCTION OF THE OCULAR MOTOR NERVES AND THE CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

EXOPHTHALMOS AND ENOPHTHALMOS

THE EYELIDS

Lid Retraction

The Pupils

Size

Shape

Equality

Position

The Pupillary Reflexes

The Light Reflex

The Accommodation Reflex

Other Pupillary Reflexes

Effects of Drugs on the Pupil

DISORDERS OF THE PUPIL

Large Pupils

Small Pupils

HORNER’S SYNDROME

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Pupils with Abnormal Reactions

Light-Near Dissociation

Afferent Pupillary Defect

Unusual Disorders of the Pupil

OCULAR MOTILITY

EXAMINATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS

EVALUATION OF OCULAR MALALIGNMENT

Subjective Tests

Objective Tests

Cover Tests

COMITANCE

OPTOKINETIC (OPTICOKINETIC, OPTOMOTOR) NYSTAGMUS

DISORDERED OCULAR MOTILITY

PERIPHERAL DISORDERS OF OCULAR MOTILITY

Orbital Disease

Muscle Disease

Neuromuscular Transmission Disorders

INDIVIDUAL NERVE PALSIES

The Oculomotor Nerve

Localization of Oculomotor Nerve Lesions

The Trochlear Nerve

The Abducens Nerve

Other Causes of Abduction Impairment

CENTRAL DISORDERS OF OCULAR MOTILITY

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Gaze Palsies and Gaze Deviations

One-and-a-Half Syndrome

Parinaud’s Syndrome

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Other Disorders of Vertical Gaze

Nystagmus and Other Ocular Oscillations

Physiologic Nystagmus

Voluntary Nystagmus

Congenital Nystagmus

Ocular Disease

CHAPTER 15 The Trigeminal Nerve

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The Motor Portion

The Sensory Portion

The Trigeminal Divisions

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

Examination of the Motor Functions

Examination of the Sensory Functions

Examination of the Reflexes

The Jaw, Masseter, or Mandibular Reflex

The Corneal Reflex

The Sternutatory (Nasal, Sneeze) Reflex

Other Trigeminal Mediated Reflexes

Disorders of Function

Motor Dysfunction

Sensory Dysfunction

Postherpetic Neuralgia

Facial Numbness

Other Trigeminal Nerve Disorders

Localization of Trigeminal Nerve Lesions

CHAPTER 16 The Facial Nerve

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The Motor Portion

The Nervus Intermedius

Course and Branches of the Facial Nerve

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

Examination of the Motor Functions

Examination of the Reflexes

Examination of the Sensory Functions

Examination of the Secretory Functions

DISORDERS OF FUNCTION

Facial Weakness

Peripheral Facial Palsy

Localization of Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy

Bell’s Palsy

Other Causes of Peripheral Facial Weakness

Facial Weakness of Central Origin

Abnormal Facial Movements

Hemifacial Spasm

Spastic Paretic Facial Contracture

Facial Myokymia

Other Abnormal Facial Movements

Sensory Involvement

Secretory Changes

CHAPTER 17 The Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear) Nerve

THE COCHLEAR NERVE

Anatomy and Physiology

Clinical Examination

Disorders of Function

Tinnitus

The Vestibular Nerve

Vestibular Physiology

Clinical Examination

Vestibulospinal Reflexes

Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes

Oculocephalic Reflex (Doll’s Eye Test)

Head Thrust Test

Dynamic Visual Acuity

Caloric Tests

Nystagmus

Spontaneous Nystagmus

Positional Nystagmus

Clinical Investigation

Disorders of Function

CHAPTER 18 The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves

THE GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

Anatomy and Physiology

Clinical Examination

Disorders of Function

THE VAGUS NERVE

Anatomy and Physiology

The Motor Portion

The Parasympathetic Portion

The Sensory Portion

Normal Functions

Clinical Examination

Examination of the Motor Functions

Examination of the Autonomic Functions

Examination of the Sensory Functions

Examination of the Reflexes

Disorders of Function

CHAPTER 19 The Spinal Accessory Nerve

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

DISORDERS OF FUNCTION

CHAPTER 20 The Hypoglossal Nerve

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

DISORDERS OF FUNCTION

CHAPTER 21 Brainstem and Multiple Cranial Nerve Syndromes

BRAINSTEM SYNDROMES

CLASSICAL BRAINSTEM SYNDROMES

ANATOMIC BRAINSTEM SYNDROMES

Nonvascular Brainstem Disorders

Bulbar Palsy

MULTIPLE CRANIAL NERVE PALSIES

DISORDERS OF CRANIAL NERVE GROUPS

Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

Cerebellopontine Angle Syndrome

Lower Cranial Nerve Syndromes

SECTION E The Motor System

CHAPTER 22 Overview of the Motor System

LEVELS OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

OVERVIEW OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM

Motor Strength and Power

Generalized Weakness

Localized Weakness

Other Motor System Abnormalities

Muscle Volume and Contour

Abnormal Movements

Coordination

CHAPTER 23 The Motor Unit Level

THE MOTOR UNIT

Myotomes

Microanatomy of the Peripheral Nerve

Physiology of the Peripheral Nerve

Anatomy and Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction

Anatomy and Physiology of Muscle

CHAPTER 24 The Spinal Cord Level

BLOOD SUPPLY

PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISINHIBITED SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS

SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES AND DISORDERS

CHAPTER 25 The Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Level

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE OF THE CORTICOSPINAL LEVEL

CHAPTER 26 The Extrapyramidal Level

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Striatal Afferents

Striatal Efferents

Pallidal Afferents

Pallidal Efferents

Subthalamic Nucleus

Substantia Nigra

BASAL GANGLIA PHYSIOLOGY

BASAL GANGLIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

OTHER BASAL GANGLIA FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER 27 Motor Strength and Power

STRENGTH SCALES

PATTERNS OF WEAKNESS

Generalized Weakness

Focal Weakness

NONORGANIC (FUNCTIONAL) WEAKNESS

EXAMINATION OF MOTOR STRENGTH AND POWER

EXAMINATION OF SPECIFIC MOVEMENTS AND MUSCLES

Examination of Movements and Muscles of the Neck

Examination of Movements and Muscles of the Upper Extremities

The Shoulder

Scapulohumeral Rhythm

The Scapular Muscles

Winging of the Scapula

The Glenohumeral Joint

The Rotator Cuff

The Elbow

The Wrist

The Hands and Fingers

Flexion of the Fingers

Extension of the Fingers

The Thumb and Its Muscles

Examination of Movements and Muscles of the Thorax, Abdomen, and Trunk

The Muscles of the Thorax

The Muscles of the Abdomen

The Muscles of the Pelvis

The Muscles of the Spine

Examination of the Movements and Muscles of the Lower Extremities

The Hip Joint

The Knee Joint

The Ankle Joint

Muscles of the Foot and Toes

EXAMINATION FOR SUBTLE HEMIPARESIS

CHAPTER 28 Muscle Tone

EXAMINATION OF TONE

The Babinski Tonus Test

The Head-Dropping Test

Pendulousness of the Legs

The Shoulder-Shaking Test

The Arm-Dropping Test

Hand Position

MYOTATIC IRRITABILITY, MYOEDEMA, AND TENDERNESS

ABNORMALITIES OF TONE

Hypotonia

Hypertonia

Extrapyramidal Rigidity

Spasticity

Catatonic Rigidity

Decerebrate and Decorticate Rigidity

Voluntary Rigidity

Involuntary Rigidity

Reflex Rigidity

Myotonia

Other Types of Rigidity

CHAPTER 29 Muscle Volume and Contour

EXAMINATION OF MUSCLE VOLUME AND CONTOUR

ABNORMALITIES OF VOLUME AND CONTOUR

Muscular Atrophy

Neurogenic Atrophy

Other Varieties of Muscular Atrophy

Muscular Hypertrophy and Pseudohypertrophy

CHAPTER 30 Abnormalities of Movement

HYPOKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Parkinson’s Disease

Multisystem Atrophy

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Corticobasal Syndrome

Diffuse Lewy Body Disease

Wilson’s Disease

Pantothenate Kinase–Associated Neurodegeneration

Dentatorubropallidoluysian Atrophy

HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS

TREMOR

Parkinsonian Tremor

Essential Tremor

Other Forms of Tremor

CHOREA

Huntington’s Disease

Other Forms of Chorea

ATHETOSIS

DYSTONIA

HEMIBALLISMUS

DYSKINESIAS

OROFACIAL DYSKINESIAS

MYOCLONUS

ASTERIXIS

MYORHYTHMIA

TICS

AKATHISIA

STEREOTYPY

HYPEREKPLEXIA

SLEEP-RELATED DYSKINESIAS

FASCICULATIONS

MYOKYMIA

STIFF-PERSON SYNDROME

SPASMS

OTHER HYPERKINESIAS

FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT DISORDERS

SECTION F The Sensory System

CHAPTER 31 Overview of the Sensory System

SENSORY RECEPTORS

NERVE FIBER CLASSIFICATION

DERMATOMES

ANATOMY OF THE POSTERIOR ROOT

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

CHAPTER 32 The Exteroceptive Sensations

PAIN AND TEMPERATURE SENSATION

Anatomy and Physiology

Clinical Examination

TACTILE SENSATION

Anatomy and Physiology

Clinical Examination

CHAPTER 33 The Proprioceptive Sensations

ANATOMY

SENSES OF MOTION AND POSITION

SENSE OF VIBRATION (PALLESTHESIA)

PRESSURE SENSATION

DEEP PAIN SENSE OR PRESSURE PAIN

CHAPTER 34 The Interoceptive, or Visceral, Sensations

CHAPTER 35 Cerebral Sensory Functions

CHAPTER 36 Sensory Localization

NONORGANIC (FUNCTIONAL) SENSORY LOSS

SECTION G The Reflexes

CHAPTER 37 Introduction to the Reflexes

CHAPTER 38 The Deep Tendon or Muscle Stretch Reflexes

THE UPPER-EXTREMITY REFLEXES

The Biceps Reflex

The Triceps Reflex

The Brachioradialis (Radial Periosteal or Supinator) Reflex

The Finger Flexor Reflex (Wartenberg’s Sign)

The Deltoid Reflex

The Pectoralis Reflex

The Clavicle Reflex

The Pronator Reflex

TRUNK REFLEXES

The Abdominal Muscle (Deep Abdominal) Reflexes

The Iliac Reflexes

The Symphysis Pubis Reflexes

THE LOWER-EXTREMITY REFLEXES

The Patellar Reflex (Quadriceps Reflex, Knee Jerk)

The Achilles Reflex (Ankle Jerk, Triceps Surae Reflex)

The Adductor Reflex (Obturator Nerve, L2-L4)

The Medial Hamstring (Internal Hamstring) Reflex

The Lateral Hamstring (External Hamstring) Reflex

The Peroneal (Tibialis Anterior) Reflex

The Plantar Muscle Reflexes

INTERPRETATION OF THE DEEP TENDON (MUSCLE STRETCH) REFLEXES

ABNORMALITIES OF THE DEEP TENDON (MUSCLE STRETCH) REFLEXES

Hypoactive Reflexes

Hyperactive Reflexes

Inverted (Paradoxic, Indirect) Reflexes

CHAPTER 39 The Superficial (Cutaneous) Reflexes

THE SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

The Palmar Reflex

The Scapular or Interscapular Reflex

THE SUPERFICIAL ABDOMINAL REFLEXES

THE SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES

The Cremasteric Reflex

The Gluteal Reflex

The Plantar Reflex

The Superficial Anal Reflex

Bulbocavernosus Reflex

ABNORMALITIES OF THE SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES

CHAPTER 40 Pathologic Reflexes

PATHOLOGIC REFLEXES IN THE LOWER EXTREMITIES

Corticospinal Responses Characterized in the Main by Extension (Dorsiflexion) of the Toes

Problems in Interpreting the Plantar Response

Corticospinal Tract Responses Characterized by Plantar Flexion of the Toes

Other Lower-Extremity Pathologic Reflexes

PATHOLOGIC REFLEXES IN THE UPPER EXTREMITIES

The Grasp (Forced Grasping) Reflex

The Palmomental Reflex of Marinesco-Radovici

The Hoffmann and Trömner Signs and the Flexor Reflexes of the Fingers and Hand

Other Upper-Extremity Corticospinal Reflexes

OTHER FRONTAL RELEASE SIGNS

CLONUS

CHAPTER 41 Postural and Righting Reflexes

POSTURAL AND RIGHTING REFLEXES IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

The Moro Reflex

Landau Reflex

Tonic Neck Reflexes

The Neck Righting Response

The Parachute Response

The Placing Reaction

Supporting and Stepping Reactions

DECEREBRATE AND DECORTICATE RIGIDITY

CHAPTER 42 Associated Movements

PHYSIOLOGIC ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS

PATHOLOGIC ASSOCIATED MOVEMENTS

Generalized Associated Movements

Symmetric (Imitative or Contralateral) Associated Movements (Mirror Movements)

Coordinated Associated Movements

Coordinated Associated Movements in the Paretic Limb

Contralateral Coordinated Associated Movements

Loss of Coordinated Associated Movements

OTHER CHANGES IN MOTOR FUNCTION

SECTION H Coordination and Gait

CHAPTER 43 Cerebellar Function

ANATOMY

Gross Anatomy

Microscopic Anatomy

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CEREBELLAR DYSFUNCTION

Dyssynergia

Dysmetria

Agonist-Antagonist Coordination

Tremor

Hypotonia

Dysarthria

Nystagmus

Other Abnormalities

EXAMINATION OF COORDINATION AND CEREBELLAR FUNCTION

Equilibratory Coordination

Nonequilibratory Coordination

CEREBELLAR SYNDROMES

Midline Syndrome

Hemispheric Syndrome

Diffuse Cerebellar Dysfunction

Sensory Ataxia

Other Abnormalities

CEREBELLAR DISORDERS

CHAPTER 44 Gait and Station

EXAMINATION OF STATION

The Romberg Sign

PHYSIOLOGY OF GAIT

EXAMINATION OF GAIT

ABNORMAL GAITS

Cerebellar Ataxia

Sensory Ataxia

The Gait of Spastic Hemiparesis

Spastic Gait, Scissoring

The Spastic-Ataxic Gait

The Parkinsonian Gait

Frontal Lobe Gait Disorders

Marche à Petits Pas

Gait Apraxia

Gait of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Cautious (Senile) Gait

Steppage Gait

The Myopathic (Waddling) Gait

Hyperkinetic Gait

Gaits Associated with Focal Weakness

Other Gait Disorders

NONNEUROLOGIC GAIT DISORDERS

NONORGANIC (FUNCTIONAL) GAIT ABNORMALITIES

SECTION I The Autonomic and Peripheral Nervous Systems

CHAPTER 45 The Autonomic Nervous System

THE PERIPHERAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Autonomic Afferents

Neurotransmitters

The Physiology of the Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System

THE CENTRAL REGULATION OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION

The Hypothalamus

Other Components of the Central Autonomic Network

EXAMINATION

Autonomic Function Testing

DISORDERS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

The Bladder

Sexual Function

CHAPTER 46 Peripheral Neuroanatomy and Focal Neuropathies

PERIPHERAL NEUROANATOMY

Cervical Plexus

Brachial Plexus

LOWER-EXTREMITY NERVES

The Lumbosacral Plexus

SECTION J Orthopedic Neurology

CHAPTER 47 Neck and Back Pain

CLINICAL PATHOANATOMY OF THE SPINE

The Intervertebral Disc

The Spinal Roots

NECK AND ARM PAIN

CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY

Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Cervical Radiculopathy

Individual Root Lesions

LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY

Clinical Signs and Symptoms in Lumbosacral Radiculopathy

Individual Root Lesions

Spinal Stenosis

Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina Lesions

THORACIC RADICULOPATHY

CHAPTER 48 Other Musculoskeletal Disorders

THE NECK

THE SHOULDER

Anatomy

The Painful Shoulder

History

Examination

THE ELBOW

THE WRIST AND HAND

THE LOWER EXTREMITY

SECTION K Circulation and Cerebrospinal Fluid

CHAPTER 49 The Blood Supply of the Brain

THE CEREBRAL ARTERIES

Carotid Artery

Vertebrobasilar System

Border Zone (Watershed) Areas

THE CEREBRAL VEINS AND THE VENOUS SINUSES

NEUROVASCULAR EXAMINATION

CHAPTER 50 The Ventricular System and the Cerebrospinal Fluid

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID CIRCULATION

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FUNCTIONS

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

LUMBAR PUNCTURE

INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

Hydrocephalus

Cerebral Edema

Clinical Manifestations of Increased Intracranial Pressure

SECTION L Special Methods of Examination

CHAPTER 51 The Examination in Coma

THE ANATOMY OF CONSCIOUSNESS

INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF COMA

DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

History

General Physical Examination

Neurologic Examination

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COMA

Structural Lesions

Metabolic Encephalopathy

Seizure Disorders

Locked-in Syndrome

The Vegetative State

Psychogenic Unresponsiveness

Brain Death

CHAPTER 52 Miscellaneous Neurologic Signs

SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION

Nuchal (Cervical) Rigidity

Kernig’s Sign

Brudzinski’s Neck Sign

Other Meningeal Signs

SIGNS OF TETANY

Chvostek’s Sign

Trousseau’s Sign

SECTION M Diagnosis and Localization of Neurologic Disease

CHAPTER 53 Diagnostic Reasoning and Neurologic Differential Diagnosis

NEUROLOGIC DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

ANATOMICAL DIAGNOSIS

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE

Myopathy

Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

Peripheral Neuropathy

Plexopathy

Radiculopathy

Neuronopathy

Myelopathy

Brainstem Disease

Cranial Neuropathy

Cerebellar Disease

Basal Ganglia Disorders

Cerebral Hemisphere Disorders

Multifocal/Diffuse Disorders

Disorders of the Meninges, Ventricular System, and Intracranial Pressure

Disorders of the Skull and Vertebral Column

Disorders of the Vascular System

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BY ETIOLOGY

Neoplasms

Vascular Disease

Intracranial Infections

Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders

Trauma

Pharmaceuticals and Other Chemical Agents

Substance Abuse Disorders

Toxins

Metabolic Disorders

Demyelinating Disorders

Congenital and Developmental Disorders

Genetic Disorders

Degenerative Diseases

Disorders Due to Physical Agents

Environmental Neurology

Mitochondriopathies

Channelopathies

Paroxysmal Disorders

Complications of Systemic Conditions

Nonorganic and Psychiatric Disease

INDEX

 

An aparitie	2019
Autor	William W. Campbell, Richard J. Barohn M.D.
Dimensiuni	15.3 x 4.1 x 22.9 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9781496386168
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	850