CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatrics, Twenty-Sixth Edition

 

Description:

The most practical, up-to-date guide available for accurately diagnosing and effectively treating child patients—from birth to adolescence The authoritative resource to pediatric medical conditions most often encountered in daily practice, CURRENT Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics provides the evidence-based information readers need to deliver effective care in every situation. Packed with 200 photos and illustrations, this evidence-based text offers succinct, accurate overviews of important pediatric health concerns, such as childhood nutrition and eating disorders; substance use; psychiatric disorders; child abuse; oral medicine and dentistry; immunization; and emergencies and injuries. Complete with an invaluable guide to normal laboratory values, it provides detailed descriptions of diseases, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and present all information in the time-saving style that makes LANGE CURRENT books so popular: Problem, Essentials of Diagnosis, Clinical Findings, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. NEW to this edition:

 

Table of Contents:

 

1. Advancing the Quality & Safety of Care

Introduction

Current Context

Strategies & Models for Quality Improvement (QI)

Principles of Patient Safety (Incident Reporting, Just Culture, Disclosure, FMEA, RCA, Reliability, Data, & Checklists)

2. The Newborn Infant

Introduction

The Neonatal History

Assessment of Growth & Gestational Age

Examination at Birth

Examination in the Nursery

Care of the Well Neonate

Feeding the Well Neonate

Circumcision

Hearing Screening

Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease

Early Discharge of the Newborn Infant

Common Problems in the Term Newborn

Neonatal Jaundice

Hypoglycemia

Respiratory Distress in the Term Newborn Infant

Heart Murmurs

Birth Trauma

Infants of Mothers With Substance Use Disorders

Multiple Births

Neonatal Intensive Care

Perinatal Resuscitation

The Preterm Infant

The Late Preterm Infant

Cardiac Problems in the Newborn Infant

Structural Heart Disease

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension

Arrhythmias

Gastrointestinal & Abdominal Surgical Conditions in the Newborn Infant

Esophageal Atresia & Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Intestinal Obstruction

Abdominal Wall Defects

Diaphragmatic Hernia

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Infections in the Newborn Infant

Bacterial Infections

Fungal Sepsis

Congenital Infections

Perinatally Acquired Infections

Hematologic Disorders in the Newborn Infant

Bleeding Disorders

Anemia

Polycythemia

Renal Disorders in the Newborn Infant

Renal Failure

Urinary Tract Anomalies

Renal Vein Thrombosis

Neurologic Problems in the Newborn Infant

Seizures

Hypotonia

Intracranial Hemorrhage

Metabolic Disorders in the Newborn Infant

Hyperglycemia

Hypocalcemia

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Quality Assessment & Improvement in the Newborn Nursery & NICU

3. Child Development & Behavior

Introduction

Normal Development

The First 2 Years

Ages 2–4 Years

Early School Years: Ages 5–7 Years

Middle Childhood: Ages 7–11 Years

Behavioral & Developmental Variations

Normality & Temperament

Enuresis & Encopresis

Enuresis

Encopresis

Common Developmental Concerns

Colic

Feeding Disorders in Infants & Young Children

Sleep Disorders

Parasomnias

Insomnia

Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Restless Legs Syndrome & Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Temper Tantrums & Breath-Holding Spells

Well-Child Surveillance & Screening

Developmental Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Intellectual Disability

Specific forms of Intellectual Disability & Associated Treatment Issues

4. Adolescence

Introduction

Epidemiology

Mortality Data

Morbidity Data

Providing a Medical Home for Adolescents

Relating to the Adolescent Patient

The Structure of the Visit

Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services

Adolescent Screening

Promoting Healthy Behaviors

Transition to Adult Care

Growth & Development

Puberty

Physical Growth

Sexual Maturation

Psychosocial Development

Adolescent Gynecology & Reproductive Health

Breast Examination

Breast Masses

Nipple Discharge & Galactorrhea

Gynecomastia

Gynecologic Care & Gynecologic Disorders in Adolescence

Contraception

Pregnancy

5. Adolescent Substance Use Disorders

Scope of the Problem

Morbidity Associated With Substance Use/Abuse

Predicting the Progression From Use to Abuse

Evaluation of Substance Use

Treatment & Referral

Prevention

6. Eating Disorders

Introduction

Etiology

Incidence

Predisposing Factors & Clinical Profiles

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge-Eating Disorder

Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Prognosis, Quality Assessment, & Outcomes Metrics

Resources for Practitioners & Families

7. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders & Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatrics

Introduction

Models of Care Encompassing Behavioral Health in the Primary Care Setting

Prevention, Early Identification, & Developmental Context

Lifestyle Recommendations

Identification & Assessment During Health Supervision Visits

Tools for Mental Health Screening in the Primary Care Office Setting

Suicide Risk in Children & Adolescents

High-Risk Patients & Homicide

Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood & Adolescence

Anxiety Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mood Disorders

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, & Conduct Disorders

Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders

Adjustment Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Other Psychiatric Conditions

8. Child Abuse & Neglect

Introduction

Prevention

Clinical Findings

Differential Diagnosis

Treatment

Prognosis

9. Ambulatory & Office Pediatrics

Introduction

Pediatric History

Pediatric Physical Examination

Health Supervision Visits

Developmental & Behavioral Assessment

Growth Parameters

Blood Pressure

Vision & Hearing Screening

Anticipatory Guidance

Nutrition Counseling

Counseling About Television & Other Media

Immunizations

Acute-Care Visits

Prenatal Visits

Sports Physicals

Chronic Disease Management

Medical Home

Mental & Behavioral Health

Telephone Management & Web-Based Information

Advocacy & Community Pediatrics

Toxic Stress

Common General Pediatric Issues

Fever

Growth Deficiency

10. Immunization

Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices

Routine Childhood & Adolescent Immunization Schedules

Vaccine Safety

Vaccination in Special Circumstances

Communicating With Parents About Vaccines

Hepatitis B Vaccination

Rotavirus Vaccination

Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis Vaccination

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccination

Pneumococcal Vaccination

Poliomyelitis Vaccination

Influenza Vaccination

Measles, Mumps, & Rubella Vaccination

Varicella Vaccination

Hepatitis A Vaccination

Meningococcal Vaccination

Tetanus-Reduced Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccination (Adolescents & Adults)

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination

Covid-19 Vaccination

Vaccinations for Special Situations

Rabies Vaccination

Typhoid Fever Vaccination

Cholera Vaccination

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination

Tuberculosis Vaccination

Yellow Fever Vaccination

Passive Prophylaxis

11. Normal Childhood Nutrition & Its Disorders

Nutritional Requirements

Nutrition & Growth

Energy

Protein

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Major Minerals

Trace Elements

Vitamins

Infant Feeding

Breast-Feeding

Special Dietary Products for Infants

Nutrition for Children 2 Years & Older

Pediatric Undernutrition

Pediatric Overweight & Obesity

Nutrition Support

Enteral

Parenteral Nutrition

Nutrient Requirements & Delivery

12. Emergencies & Injuries

Introduction to Pediatric Emergencies & Injuries

Initial Approach to the Acutely Ill Infant or Child

The ABCs of Resuscitation

Management of Shock

Summary of Initial Approach to the Acutely Ill Infant or Child

Emergency Pediatric Drugs

Approach to the Pediatric Trauma Patient

Mechanism of Injury

Initial Assessment & Management

Primary Survey

Secondary Survey

Head Injury

Burns

Thermal Burns

Electrical Burns

Disorders Due to Extremes of Environment

Heat-Related Illnesses & Heat Stroke

Hypothermia

Submersion Injuries

Lacerations

Animal & Human Bites

Dog Bites

Cat Bites

Human Bites

Pain Management & Procedural Sedation

13. Poisoning

Introduction

Pharmacologic Principles of Toxicology

Preventing Childhood Poisonings

General Treatment of Poisoning

Initial Telephone Contact

Initial Emergency Department (ED) Contact

Definitive Therapy of Poisoning

Management of Specific Common Poisonings

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol, APAP)

Alcohol, Ethyl (Ethanol)

Amphetamines & Related Drugs (Stimulants, Methamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-Methylamphetamine)

Anesthetics, Local

Antihistamines & Cough & Cold Preparations

Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines

Belladonna Alkaloids (Atropine, Jimsonweed, Potato Leaves, Scopolamine, Stramonium)

β-Blockers & Calcium Channel Blockers

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Caustics

Central α2-Adrenergic Agonist

Cocaine

Cosmetics & Related Products

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Digitalis & Other Cardiac Glycosides

Loperamide (Imodium) & Diphenoxylate With Atropine (Lomotil)

Disinfectants & Deodorizers

Disk-Shaped “Button” Batteries

Ethylene Glycol & Methanol

γ-Hydroxybutyrate, γ-Butyrolactone, Butanediol, Flunitrazepam, & Ketamine

Hydrocarbons (Benzene, Charcoal Lighter Fluid, Gasoline, Kerosene, Petroleum Distillates, Turpentine)

Ibuprofen

Insect Stings (Bee, Wasp, & Hornet)

Insecticides

Iron

Lead

Magnets

Cannabis

Mushrooms

Nitrites, Nitrates, Aniline, Pentachlorophenol, & Dinitrophenol

Opioids & Opiates

Oral Antidiabetics (Sulfonylureas, Metformin)

Antipsychotics (Typical & Atypical)

Plants

Psychotropic Drugs

Salicylates

Scorpion Stings

Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Snakebite

Soaps & Detergents

Spider Bites

Vitamins

Warfarin (Coumadin) & Novel/Direct Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC)

14. Critical Care

Introduction

Monitoring & Technology

Monitoring

Technology

Respiratory Critical Care

Acute Respiratory Failure

Major Respiratory Diseases in the Pediatric ICU

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Severe Asthma Exacerbation

Cardiovascular Critical Care

Shock

Sepsis

Neurocritical Care

Traumatic Brain Injury

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Status Epilepticus

Acute Kidney Injury & Renal Replacement Therapy

Fluid Management & Nutritional Support of the Critically Ill Child

Sedation & Analgesia in the Pediatric ICU

End-of-Life Care & Death in the PICU

Quality Improvement Initiatives in the PICU

15. Skin

General Principles

Diagnosis of Skin Disorders

Disorders of the Skin in Newborns

Transient Diseases in Newborns

Pigment Cell Birthmarks, Nevi, & Melanoma

Melanocytic Nevi

Vascular Birthmarks

Epidermal Birthmarks

Connective Tissue Birthmarks (Juvenile Elastoma, Collagenoma)

Hereditary Skin Disorders

Common Skin Diseases in Infants, Children, & Adolescents

Acne

Bacterial Infections of the Skin

Fungal Infections of the Skin

Viral Infections of the Skin

Virus-Induced Tumors

Insect Infestations

Dermatitis (Eczema)

Common Skin Tumors

Papulosquamous Eruptions

Hair Loss (Alopecia)

Reactive Erythemas

Miscellaneous Skin Disorders Seen in Pediatric Practice

Treatment

Treatment

16. Eye

Introduction

Common Nonspecific Signs & Symptoms

Red Eye

Tearing

Discharge

Pain & Foreign-Body Sensation

Photophobia

Abnormal Red Reflex

Refractive Errors

Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Hyperopia (Farsightedness)

Astigmatism

Ophthalmic Examination

History

Visual Acuity

External Examination

Pupils

Alignment & Motility Evaluation

Ophthalmoscopic Examination

Ocular Trauma

Prevention of Ocular Injuries

Corneal Abrasion

Ocular Foreign Bodies

Intraocular Foreign Bodies & Perforating Ocular Injuries

Blunt Orbital Trauma

Lacerations

Burns

Hyphema

Abusive Head Trauma & Nonaccidental Trauma

Disorders of the Ocular Structures

Diseases of the Eyelids

Viral Eyelid Disease

Miscellaneous Eyelid Infections

Eyelid Ptosis

Horner Syndrome

Eyelid Tics

Disorders of the Nasolacrimal System

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

Congenital Dacryocystocele

Dacryocystitis

Diseases of the Conjunctiva

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Viral Conjunctivitis

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Mucocutaneous Diseases

Disorders of the Iris

Iris Coloboma

Aniridia

Albinism

Miscellaneous Iris Conditions

Glaucoma

Uveitis

Anterior Uveitis/Iridocyclitis/Iritis

Intermediate Uveitis

Posterior Uveitis

Disorders of the Cornea

Cloudy Cornea

Viral Keratitis

Corneal Ulcers

Disorders of the Lens

Cataracts

Dislocated Lenses/Ectopia Lentis

Disorders of the Retina

Retinal Hemorrhages in the Newborn

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinoblastoma

Retinal Detachment

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diseases of the Optic Nerve

Optic Neuropathy

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia

Papilledema

Optic Neuritis

Optic Atrophy

Diseases of the Orbit

Preseptal & Orbital Cellulitis

Craniofacial Anomalies

Orbital Tumors

Nystagmus

Amblyopia

Strabismus

Esotropia (Crossed Eyes)

Exotropia (Wall-Eyed, Drifting of Eyes)

Unexplained Decreased Vision in Infants & Children

Learning Disabilities & Dyslexia

17. Oral Medicine & Dentistry

Pediatric Oral Health

Oral Examination of Children

Dental Caries

Periodontal Disease

Dental Emergencies

Special Patient Populations

Orthodontic Referral

18. Ear, Nose, & Throat

The Ear

Infections of the Ear

Acute Trauma to the Middle Ear

Ear Canal Foreign Body & Cerumen Impaction

Auricular Hematoma

Congenital Ear Malformations

Identification & Management of Hearing Loss

Management of Hearing Loss

Prevention

The Nose & Paranasal Sinuses

Acute Viral Rhinitis

Rhinosinusitis

Choanal Atresia

Recurrent Rhinitis

Epistaxis

Nasal Infection

Nasal Trauma

Foreign Bodies in the Nose

The Throat & Oral Cavity

Acute Stomatitis

Pharyngitis

Peritonsillar Cellulitis or Abscess (Quinsy)

Retropharyngeal Abscess

Ludwig Angina

Acute Cervical Adenitis

Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy

Disorders of the Lips

Disorders of the Tongue

Halitosis

Salivary Gland Disorders

Congenital Oral Malformations

19. Respiratory Tract & Mediastinum

Growth & Development

Diagnostic Aids

Physical Examination of the Respiratory Tract

Pulmonary Function Tests

Assessment of Oxygenation & Ventilation

Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infections

Imaging of the Respiratory Tract

Laryngoscopy & Bronchoscopy

General Therapy for Pediatric Lung Diseases

Oxygen Therapy

Inhalation of Medications

Airway Clearance Therapy

Avoidance of Environmental Hazards

Disorders of Airflow Obstruction

Upper Airway Obstruction

Laryngomalacia

Other Causes of Congenital Upper Airway Obstruction

Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction

Vocal Fold Immobility

Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction

Subglottic Stenosis

Congenital Intrathoracic Airway Obstruction

Tracheobronchomalacia

Vascular Rings & Slings

Bronchogenic Cysts

Foreign-Body Aspiration & Choking

Congenital Malformations of the Lung Parenchyma

Pulmonary Agenesis & Hypoplasia

Pulmonary Sequestration

Congenital Lobar Overinflation

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Also Known as Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease)

Diffuse Lung Diseases

Children’s Interstitial Lung Disease Syndrome

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Bronchiolitis Obliterans

Dysphagia With Aspiration Pneumonitis (or Pneumonia)

Diseases of the Pulmonary Circulation

Hemoptysis

Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Lymphatic Disorders

Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia

Acquired Lymphatic Obstruction

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Viral Pneumonia & Bronchiolitis

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Parapneumonic Effusion & Empyema

Lung Abscess

Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host

Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance

Cystic Fibrosis

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Bronchiectasis

Disorders of the Chest Wall

Scoliosis

Pectus Excavatum & Pectus Carinatum

Neuromuscular Disorders & Lung Disease

Disorders of the Pleura & Pleural Cavity

Hemothorax

Chylothorax

Pneumothorax & Related Air Leak Syndromes

Mediastinum

Mediastinal Masses

Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Primary Snoring & Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Periodic Breathing & Central Sleep Apnea

Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Events)

Sudden Unexpected Infant Death & Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Quality Assessment & Outcomes Metrics

20. Cardiovascular Diseases

Introduction

Diagnostic Evaluation

History

Physical Examination

Electrocardiography

Chest Radiograph

Echocardiography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing

Arterial Blood Gases & Pulse Oximetry

Cardiac Catheterization & Angiocardiography

Perinatal & Neonatal Circulation

Heart Failure

Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease

Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Defects in Septation

Patent (Persistent) Ductus Arteriosus

Right-Sided Obstructive Lesions

Left-Sided Lesions

Diseases of the Aorta

Coronary Artery Abnormalities

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Tetralogy of Fallot

Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect

Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum

Tricuspid Atresia

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Truncus Arteriosus

Quality Improvement in Congenital Heart Disease

Acquired Heart Disease

Rheumatic Fever

Kawasaki Disease

Infective Endocarditis

Pericarditis

Cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis

Preventive Cardiology

Hypertension

Atherosclerosis & Dyslipidemias

Chest Pain

Cardiac Transplantation

Pulmonary Hypertension

Disorders of Rate & Rhythm

Disorders of the Sinus Node

Premature Beats

Supraventricular Tachycardia

Ventricular Tachycardia

Long QT Syndrome

Sudden Cardiac Death

Disorders of Atrioventricular Conduction

Syncope (Fainting)

Introduction

Diagnostic Evaluation

Vasovagal/Neurocardiogenic Syncope

21. Gastrointestinal Tract

Disorders of the Esophagus

Gastroesophageal Reflux & GERD

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Achalasia of the Esophagus

Caustic Burns of the Esophagus

Foreign Bodies in the Alimentary Tract

Disorders of the Stomach & Duodenum

Hiatal & Paraesophageal Hernia

Pyloric Stenosis

Gastric & Duodenal Ulcer

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital Duodenal Obstruction

Disorders of the Small Intestine

Intestinal Atresia & Stenosis

Intestinal Malrotation

Short Bowel Syndrome

Intussusception

Inguinal Hernia

Umbilical Hernia

Patent Omphalomesenteric Duct

Meckel Diverticulum

Acute Appendicitis

Duplications of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Disorders of the Colon

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)

Constipation

Anal Fissure

Congenital Anorectal Anomalies

Clostridium Difficile Infection in Children

Disorders of the Peritoneal Cavity

Peritonitis

Chylous Ascites

Gastrointestinal Tumors & Malignancies

Juvenile Polyps

Cancers of the Esophagus, Small Bowel, & Colon

Mesenteric Cysts

Intestinal Hemangiomas & Vascular Malformations

Major Gastrointestinal Symptoms & Signs

Acute Diarrhea

Chronic Diarrhea

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Vomiting

Abdominal Pain

Acute Abdomen

Malabsorption Syndromes

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

22. Liver & Pancreas

Liver Disorders

Neonatal Cholestatic Jaundice

Intrahepatic Cholestasis

Extrahepatic Neonatal Cholestasis

Other Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemic Conditions (Noncholestatic Nonhemolytic)

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D (Delta Agent)

Hepatitis E

Other Hepatitis Viruses

Acute Liver Failure

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease

Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)

Drug-Induced Liver Diseases

Cirrhosis

Portal Hypertension

Biliary Tract Disease

Pyogenic & Amebic Liver Abscess

Liver Tumors

Liver Transplantation

Pancreatic Disorders

Acute Pancreatitis

Chronic Pancreatitis

Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis

Syndromes With Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency

Isolated Exocrine Pancreatic Enzyme Defect

Pancreatic Tumors

23. Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid–Base Disorders & Therapy

Regulation of Body Fluids, Electrolytes, & Tonicity

Acid–Base Balance

Fluid & Electrolyte Management

Dehydration

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Potassium Disorders

Acid–Base Disturbances

Metabolic Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Acidosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

24. Kidney & Urinary Tract

Evaluation of the Kidney & Urinary Tract

History

Physical Examination

Laboratory Evaluation of Renal Function

Laboratory Evaluation of Immunologic Function

Radiographic Evaluation

Renal Biopsy

Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract

Renal Parenchymal Anomalies

Distal Urinary Tract Anomalies

Hematuria & Glomerular Disease

Hematuria

Glomerulonephritis

Tubulointerstitial Disease

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

Proteinuria & Renal Disease

Congenital & Infantile Nephrosis

Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome of Childhood

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Membranous Nephropathy (Membranous Glomerulonephritis)

Diseases of the Renal Vessels

Renal Vein Thrombosis

Renal Arterial Disease

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

Renal Failure

Acute Kidney Injury

Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension

Inherited or Developmental Defects of the Kidneys

Disorders of the Renal Tubules

Familial Fanconi Syndromes

Genetic Tubular Disorders

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Nephrolithiasis

Urinary Tract Infections

QA/QI in Pediatric Nephrology

25. Neurologic & Muscular Disorders

Neurologic Assessment & Neurodiagnostics

History & Examination

Diagnostic Evaluations

Pediatric Neuroradiologic Procedures

Disorders Affecting the Nervous System in Infants & Children

Altered States of Consciousness (Coma)

Seizures & Epilepsy

Sleep Disorders

Primary Headache Disorders

Intracranial Hypertension

Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Abnormal Head Size

Congenital Malformations of the Nervous System

Neurocutaneous Disorders

Leukodystrophies of Infancy & Childhood

Cerebral Palsy

Movement Disorders

Ataxias of Childhood

Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

Hypokinetic Movement Disorders

Infections & Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System

CNS Infections

Noninfectious Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Neuromuscular Syndromes

Syndromes Presenting With Acute Flaccid Paralysis

Disorders of Childhood Affecting Muscles

Benign Acute Childhood Myositis

Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission

Lesions of the Cranial & Peripheral Nerves

Motor Neuron Disorders

The Floppy Infant

26. Orthopedics

Introduction

Disturbances of Prenatal Origin

Congenital Amputations & Limb Deficiencies

Deformities of the Extremities

Common Foot Problems

Genu Varum & Genu Valgum

Tibial Torsion & Femoral Anteversion (Intoeing)

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Joint

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Common Spine Conditions

Back Pain

Torticollis

Scoliosis

Kyphosis

Syndromes With Musculoskeletal Involvement

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (Amyoplasia Congenita)

Marfan Syndrome

Sprengel Deformity

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Achondroplasia (Classic Chondrodystrophy)

Neurologic Disorders Involving the Musculoskeletal System

Orthopedic Aspects of Cerebral Palsy

Orthopedic Aspects of Myelodysplasia (Spina Bifida)

Trauma

Soft Tissue Trauma

Traumatic Subluxations & Dislocations

Fractures

Epiphyseal Separations

Torus (Buckle) Fractures

Greenstick Fractures

Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus

General Comments on Other Fractures in Children

Infections of the Bones & Joints

Osteomyelitis

Pyogenic (Septic) Arthritis

Transient (Toxic) Synovitis (Versus Septic Arthritis of the Hip)

Vascular Lesions & Avascular Necrosis (Osteochondroses)

Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Femur (Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease)

Neoplasia of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Osteochondroma

Osteoid Osteoma

Enchondroma

Chondroblastoma

Nonossifying Fibroma

Osteosarcoma

Ewing Sarcoma

Miscellaneous Diseases of Bone & Joint

Fibrous Dysplasia

Bone Cysts, Baker Cyst, & Ganglions

Quality Assurance/Improvement Initiatives in Orthopedics

27. Sports Medicine

Basic Principles

Fitness & Conditioning

Sports Nutrition

Preparticipation Physical Evaluation

Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries

Common Sports Medicine Issues & Injuries

Infectious Diseases

Bone Stress Injuries

Head & Neck Injuries

Spine Injuries

Shoulder Injuries

Elbow Injuries

Hand & Wrist Injuries

Hip Injuries

Knee Injuries

Foot & Ankle Injuries

Prevention

28. Rehabilitation Medicine

Pediatric Brain Injury

Spinal Cord Injury

Brachial Plexus Lesions

Common Rehabilitation Problems

Quality Assurance/Improvement Initiatives in Rehabilitation Medicine

29. Rheumatic Diseases

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Dermatomyositis

Vasculitis

Raynaud Phenomenon

Noninflammatory Pain Syndromes

30. Hematologic Disorders

Normal Hematologic Values

Bone Marrow Failure

Constitutional Aplastic Anemia (Fanconi Anemia)

Acquired Aplastic Anemia

Anemias

Approach to the Child With Anemia

Pure Red Cell Aplasia

Nutritional Anemias

Anemia of Chronic Disease

Congenital Hemolytic Anemias: Red Cell Membrane Defects

Congenital Hemolytic Anemias: Hemoglobinopathies

Congenital Hemolytic Anemias: Disorders of Red Cell Metabolism

Acquired Hemolytic Anemia

Polycythemia & Methemoglobinemia

Methemoglobinemia

Disorders of Leukocytes

Neutropenia

Neutrophilia

Disorders of Neutrophil Function

Lymphocytosis

Eosinophilia

Bleeding Disorders

Abnormalities of Platelet Number or Function

Inherited Bleeding Disorders

Von Willebrand Disease

Acquired Bleeding Disorders

Vascular Abnormalities Associated With Bleeding

Thrombotic Disorders

Splenic Abnormalities

Splenomegaly & Hypersplenism

Asplenia & Splenectomy

Transfusion Medicine

Donor Screening & Blood Processing: Risk Management

Storage & Preservation of Blood & Blood Components

Pretransfusion Testing

Transfusion Practice

31. Neoplastic Disease

Major Pediatric Neoplastic Diseases

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Myeloproliferative Diseases

Brain Tumors

Lymphomas & Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Neuroblastoma

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

Bone Tumors

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Retinoblastoma

Hepatic Tumors

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapeutics

General Considerations

BMT Complications

Cellular Therapeutics

Late Effects of Pediatric Cancer Therapy

Growth Complications

Endocrine Complications

Cardiopulmonary Complications

Renal Complications

Neuropsychological Complications

Second Malignancies

32. Pain Management & Pediatric Palliative & End-of-Life Care

Introduction

Pain Assessment

Acute Pain

Chronic Pain Management

Pediatric Palliative & End-of-Life Care

Introduction

Children Who May Benefit From Palliative Care Interventions

Pain Management in Pediatric Palliative Care

Quality-of-Life Adjuncts & Symptom Management in Pediatric Palliative Care

Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatric Palliative Care

Children’s Concept of Death

Spiritual & Cultural Support

Withdrawal of Medical Life Support

Advance Care Planning

33. Immunodeficiency

Introduction

Immunodeficiency Evaluation: Primary Considerations

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases

SCID Classification

Other Combined Immunodeficiencies

Antibody Deficiency Syndromes

Phagocyte Disorders

Deficiencies of the Innate Immune System

Immunodeficiency Diseases That Present With Autoimmunity

Immunodeficiency Diseases That Overlap With Allergy

34. Endocrine Disorders

General Concepts

Hormone Types

Feedback Control of Hormone Secretion

Disturbances of Growth

Target Height & Skeletal Maturation

Short Stature

Tall Stature

Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland

Arginine Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone) Physiology

Central Diabetes Insipidus

Thyroid Gland

Fetal Development of the Thyroid

Physiology

Hypothyroidism (Congenital & Acquired)

Thyroiditis

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid Cancer

Disorders of Calcium & Phosphorus Metabolism

Hypocalcemic Disorders

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Resistance to Parathyroid Hormone Action)

Hypercalcemic States

Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (Familial Benign Hypercalcemia)

Hypervitaminosis D

Williams Syndrome

Immobilization Hypercalcemia

Hypophosphatasia

Gonads (Ovaries & Testes)

Development

Disorders of Sexual Development

Abnormalities in Female Pubertal Development & Ovarian Function

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abnormalities in Male Pubertal Development & Testicular Function

Adrenal Cortex

Adrenocortical Insufficiency

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasias

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction

Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Uses of Glucocorticoids & Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Treatment of Nonendocrine Diseases

Adrenal Medulla Pheochromocytoma

35. Diabetes Mellitus

Epidemiology & Description

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Monogenic Forms of Diabetes

Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes

Pathogenesis

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Prevention

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Clinical Findings

Symptoms and Signs

Laboratory Findings

Differential Diagnosis

Treatment

General Principles for Diabetes Management

Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Quality Assessment & Outcomes Metrics

Complications

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State/Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome

Hypoglycemia

Long-Term Complications

Associated Autoimmune Diseases in Type 1 Diabetes

Associated Conditions with Type 2 Diabetes

Prognosis

36. Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Introduction

Diagnosis

Suspecting Inborn Errors

Laboratory Studies

Common Clinical Situations

Management of Metabolic Emergencies

Newborn Screening

Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Glycogen Storage Diseases

Galactosemia

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Disorders of Energy Metabolism

Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism

Disorders of the Urea Cycle

Phenylketonuria & The Hyperphenylalaninemias

Hereditary Tyrosinemia

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (Branched-Chain Ketoaciduria)

Homocystinuria

Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia

Organic Acidemias

Propionic & Methylmalonic Acidemia (Ketotic Hyperglycinemias)

Carboxylase Deficiency

Glutaric Acidemia Type I

Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation & Carnitine

Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders

Carnitine

Purine Metabolism Disorders

Lysosomal Diseases

Peroxisomal Diseases

Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome & Disorders of Cholesterol Synthesis

Disorders of Brain-Specific Metabolism: Neurotransmitters, Synthesis of Amino Acids, & Glucose Transport

Creatine Synthesis Disorders

Quality Initiatives in the Field of Metabolic Disease

37. Genetics & Dysmorphology

Foundations of Genetic Diagnosis

Cytogenetics

Molecular Genetics

Principles of Inherited Human Disorders

Mendelian Inheritance

Multifactorial Inheritance

Nonmendelian Inheritance

Family History & Pedigree

Dysmorphology & Human Embryology

Mechanisms

Clinical Dysmorphology

Chromosomal Disorders: Abnormal Number

Trisomies

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

Chromosomal Abnormalities: Abnormal Structure

Chromosome Deletion Disorders

Contiguous Gene Disorders

Mendelian Disorders

Autosomal Dominant Disorders

Autosomal Recessive Disorders

X-Linked Disorders

Nonmendelian Disorders

Disorders of Imprinting

Disorders Associated With Anticipation

Disorders of Multifactorial Inheritance

Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate

Neural Tube Defects

Common Recognizable Disorders With Variable or Unknown Cause

Genetic Evaluation of the Child With Developmental Disabilities

Perinatal Genetics

Teratogens

Assisted Reproduction

Prenatal Diagnosis

38. Allergic Disorders

Introduction

Asthma

Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis

Atopic Dermatitis

Urticaria & Angioedema

Anaphylaxis

Adverse Reactions to Drugs & Biologicals

Food Allergy

Insect Allergy

39. Antimicrobial Therapy

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Concepts for Judicious Use of Antimicrobials

Susceptibility Testing & Drug Dosing Properties

Pharmacodynamic Concepts

Use of Antimicrobial Agents to Prevent Disease

Choice of Antimicrobial Agents

Specific Antimicrobial Agents

β-Lactam Antibiotics

β-Lactam: Penicillins

β-Lactam: Cephalosporins

β-Lactam: Monobactams

β-Lactam: Carbapenems

Glycopeptide Agents

Daptomycin

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Metronidazole

Macrolides

Lincosamides

Oxazolidinones

Tetracyclines

Aminoglycosides

Rifamycins

Fluoroquinolones

Other Antibiotics

Antifungals

Antivirals

40. Infections: Viral & Rickettsial

Viral Infections

Respiratory Infections

Viruses Causing the Common Cold

Adenoviruses

Influenza

Parainfluenza

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)

Human Coronaviruses

Infections Due to Enteroviruses & Parechoviruses

Acute Febrile Illness

Respiratory Tract Illnesses

Rashes (Including Hand-Foot-&-Mouth Disease)

Central Nervous System Illnesses

Infections Due to Herpesviruses

Herpes Simplex Infections

Varicella & Herpes Zoster

Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6, Roseola Infantum)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Viral Infections Spread by Insect Vectors

Encephalitis

Dengue

Chikungunya

Zika

Colorado Tick Fever

Other Important Viral Infections in Childhood

Erythema Infectiosum

Measles (Rubeola)

Rubella

Infections Due to Other Viruses

Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome

Mumps

Rabies

Rickettsial Infections & Q Fever

Human Ehrlichiosis & Anaplasmosis

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Endemic Typhus (Murine Typhus)

Q Fever

41. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Pathogenesis & Epidemiology

Prevention

Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV

Management of Perinatally HIV-Exposed Infants

Acute HIV in Adolescents

Progressive HIV Disease

Treatment

Quality Assurance & Outcome Metrics

42. Infections: Bacterial & Spirochetal

Bacterial Infections

Group A Streptococcal Infections

Group B Streptococcal Infections

Other Streptococcal & Enterococcal Infections

Pneumococcal Infections

Staphylococcal Infections

Meningococcal Infections

Gonococcal Infections

Botulism

Tetanus

Gas Gangrene

Diphtheria

Infections Due to Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonas Infections

Salmonella Gastroenteritis

Typhoid Fever & Paratyphoid Fever

Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

Cholera

Campylobacter Infection

Tularemia

Plague

Invasive Haemophilus Influenzae Infections

Bordetella Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Listeriosis

Tuberculosis

Infections With Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Legionella Infection

Chlamydophila & Chlamydia Infections (Psittacosis, C Pneumoniae, & C Trachomatis)

Cat-Scratch Disease

Spirochetal Infections

Syphilis

Relapsing Fever

Leptospirosis

Lyme Disease

43. Infections: Parasitic & Mycotic

Parasitic Infections

Protozoal Infections

Systemic Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections

Trichomoniasis

Metazoal Infections

Nematode Infections

Cestode Infections (Flukes)

Trematode Infections

Mycotic Infections

Pneumocystis & Other Opportunistic Fungal Infections

Pneumocystis Jiroveci Infection

44. Sexually Transmitted Infections

Introduction

Adolescent Sexuality

Risk Factors

Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Most Common Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection

Syndromic Presentations of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Cervicitis

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Urethritis

Epididymitis

Proctitis, Proctocolitis, & Enteritis

Vaginal Discharge

Genital Ulcerations

Genital Warts & Human Papillomavirus

Other Viral Infections

Ectoparasitic Infections

45. Travel Medicine

Introduction

Preparing Children & Infants for Travel

Vaccinations—Routine Childhood Vaccines Modified for Travel

Vaccinations—Travel-Specific

Traveler’s Diarrhea

Malaria Prophylaxis & Prevention

Other Travel-Related Topics

Fever in the Returned Traveler

Key Points/Summary

46. Chemistry & Hematology Reference Intervals

Challenges in Determining & Interpreting Pediatric Reference Intervals

Guidelines for Use of Data in a Reference Range Study

Statistical Computation of Reference Intervals

Why Reference Intervals Vary

Sensitivity, Specificity, & Predicitive Values

Pediatric Reference Intervals

Index

 

An aparitie	30 Jun 2022
Autor	Maya Bunik, William Hay, Myron Levin, Mark Abzug
Dimensiuni	188 x 231 x 46 mm
Editura	McGraw-Hill
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781264269983
Limba	Engleza