Clinical Neurophysiology

Description:

Clinical neurophysiologic testing plays a critical role as a complement to the clinical assessment in patients who are being evaluated for a variety of neurologic symptoms. Many different techniques and methods of assessment can be used to evaluate the function of the nervous system, including electroencephalography, electromyography, evoked potentials, movement disorder studies, and sleep studies. An accurate understanding of the role of these tests and reliable technical performance and interpretation of these studies is critical in clinical practice. This new edition in the Contemporary Neurology Series remains an essential resource for physicians and technologists learning or utilizing clinical neurophysiology in their training or practice. This fifth edition updates the basic concepts underlying each of the techniques used in clinical neurophysiology and provides detailed descriptions of the methods, findings, studies, and value of the wide range of electrophysiologic testing available for patients with epilepsy and spells, neuromuscular diseases, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, sleep disorders, autonomic disorders, and those undergoing orthopaedic and neurosurgical procedures in the operative setting. The role of each type of study, the interpretation of findings, and the application of the studies to different types of clinical problems are detailed throughout the text. It is a practical textbook for neurologists, physiatrists and clinical neurophysiologists in clinical or research practice or in training.

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Section I Basic Neurophysiology

1. Basics of Neurophysiology

2. Electrophysiological Generators in Clinical Neurophysiology

3. Waveforms and Artifacts

Section II CLINICAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY

4 Adult Electroencephalography: Normal and Benign Variants

5 Adult EEG: Artifacts and the EEG

6 Adult EEG: Epileptiform Activity

7 Adult EEG: Abnormal Nonepileptiform Activity

8 Pediatric EEG: Normal Maturational Changes

9 Pediatric EEG: Epileptiform Activity

10 Computer-Assisted Ambulatory Electroencephalography

11 Long-Term Video-EEG Monitoring in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit

12 EEG Trend Analysis in the ICU

13 Intracranial EEG Monitoring and Electrocorticography

14 Quantitative EEG Analysis, EEG Mapping, and Magnetoencephalography

15 Assessment of Spells and Seizures in the Outpatient Setting

16 Epilepsy Surgery Evaluation

SECTION III CLINICAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

17 Motor Nerve Conduction Studies

18 Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies and Sensory Nerve Action Potentials

19 Late Responses: F-Waves and H-Reflexes

20 Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Studies

21 Cranial Reflexes and Related Techniques

22 Quantitative Motor Unit Number Estimates

23 Technical Issues and Potential Complications of Nerve Conduction Studies

Needle Electromyography

24 Needle Electromyography

25 Quantitative Electromyography

26 Single-Fiber Electromyography

27 Technical Problems and Potential Complications of Needle EMG

Applications of Electromyography

28 Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Mononeuropathies

29 Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Radiculopathies

30 Assessment of Plexopathies

31 Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Polyneuropathies

32 Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Motor Neuron Diseases

33 Assessment of Neuromuscular Junction Diseases

34 Electrodiagnostic Assessment of Myopathies

35 Neuromuscular Electrodiagnostic Testing in the Intensive Care Unit

36 Neuromuscular Ultrasound in the EMG Laboratory

SECTION IV EVOKED POTENTIALS

37 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

38 Visual Evoked Potentials

39 Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials

40 Motor Evoked Potentials

SECTION V ASSESSMENT OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION

41 Autonomic Physiology

42 Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex and Related Tests

43 Evaluation of Adrenergic Function

44 Thermoregulatory Sweat Test

45 Cardiovagal Reflexes

SECTION VI CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS

46 Movement-Related Cortical Potentials and Event-Related Potentials

47 Long Latency Reflexes and the Silent Period

48 Electrophysiology Testing of Movement Disorders

SECTION VII ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP

49 Assessment of Sleep and Sleep Disorders: Polysomnography and Other Tests

50 Pediatric Sleep Assessment

51 Abnormal Sleep and Sleep Disorders

SECTION VIII INTRAOPERATIVE MONITORING

52 Cerebral Function Monitoring and Cortical Mapping for Nonepilepsy Surgery

53 Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Monitoring

54 Spinal Cord and Root Monitoring

55 Peripheral Nervous System Monitoring

SECTION IX ELECTRICAL CONCEPTS AND SAFETY

56 Volume Conduction in Clinical Neurophysiology

57 Instrumentation and Electricity for Clinical Neurophysiology

58 Digital Signal Processing: Digitization, Averaging, Filters, and Time/Frequency Domain Analysis

59 Electrical Safety

Index