Cardiac Conduction System Disorders, An Issue of Cardiology Clinics

Description:

In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic.

Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice.

Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field.  Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Table of Contents:

Anatomy and Pathology of the Cardiac Conduction System

Key points

Introduction

The sinus node

Internodal and interatrial conduction

Atrioventricular node and atrioventricular connections

The His bundle and bundle branches

Fascicles and the distal Purkinje system

Retroaortic node and blind-end tract

Intraventricular conduction

Summary

Clinics care points

Disclosure

Atrioventricular Conduction: Physiology and Autonomic Influences

Key points

Introduction

Atrioventricular node

His-Purkinje system

Atrioventricular node conduction

Supraventricular tachycardia and autonomic nervous system

Electrocardiography of Atrioventricular Block

Key points

Introduction

Atrioventricular delayed conduction

Dual atrioventricular node physiology

Second degree type 1 atrioventricular block (Wenckebach; Mobitz 1)

Second degree type 2 atrioventricular block (Mobitz II)

Two to one atrioventricular block

Paroxysmal atrioventricular block

Complete heart block

Clinics care points

Physiologic Variants of Cardiac Conduction (Aberration, Gap, Supernormal Conduction)

Key points

Introduction

Differentiation of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy

Long-short aberrancy

Functional 2:1 atrioventricular block

Acceleration-dependent and deceleration-dependent aberrancy

Mechanistic implications of aberration: bundle branch block during supraventricular tachycardia

Mechanistic implications of aberration: concealed His extrasystoles

Gap phenomenon

Equal bundle branch delay

Supernormal conduction

Summary

Disclosure

Clinics care points

Genetic Abnormalities of the Sinoatrial Node and Atrioventricular Conduction

Key points

Introduction

Ion channels

Structural proteins

Nuclear proteins

Metabolism proteins

Summary

Clinics care points

Disclosure

Sinus Node Dysfunction

Key points

Introduction

Summary

Clinics care points

Disclosure statement

Epidemiology and Outcomes Associated with PR Prolongation

Key points

Introduction/history/definitions/background

Discussion

Summary

Clinics care points

Disclosure statement

Left Bundle Branch Block: Characterization, Definitions, and Recent Insights into Conduction System Physiology

Key points

Introduction/background

Epidemiology

Anatomy of the left bundle

Definitions and criteria for true left bundle branch block

Electromechanical effects of left bundle branch block

Clinical significance of left bundle branch block

Correcting left bundle branch block with conduction system pacing

Summary

Clinics care points

Bilateral Bundle Branch Block

Key points

Introduction

Definition and prevalence

Pathophysiology

Clinical implications and future perspectives

Clinics care points

Disclosures

Congenital Heart Block

Key points

Mechanisms of congenital heart block

Natural history

Evaluation and treatment

Summary

Clinics care points

Reversible Causes of Atrioventricular Block

Key points

Introduction

Epidemiology

Management

Ischemic disease

Drugs

Electrolyte alterations

Increased vagal tone

Infectious causes

Endocarditis

Hypothermia

Trauma

Final conclusions: waiting is key

Clinics care points

Iatrogenic Atrioventricular Block

Key points

Introduction

Anatomy

Cardiac surgery

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Catheter ablation of arrhythmias

Other percutaneous procedures

Summary

Clinics care points

Systemic Diseases and Heart Block

Key points

Introduction

Classification

Summary

Clinics care points

Pacing-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Key points

Introduction

Pathophysiology of PICM

PICM frequency and risk factors

Upfront physiologic pacing

Treatment of PICM

Authors’ approach

Future outlook

Summary

Disclosure

Pacing of Specialized Conduction System

Key points

Introduction

Magnitude and pathophysiology of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy

Inception of conduction system pacing

Mechanisms of Correction of Bundle Branch Blocks with Conduction System Pacing

Conduction system pacing implantation techniques

Confirmation of conduction system capture and definitions

Conduction system pacing for atrioventricular block

Conduction System Pacing for refractory atrial fibrillation before atrioventricular junction ablation

Conduction system pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy

Conduction system pacing for pacing-induced cardiomyopathy

Conduction system pacing for painful left bundle branch syndrome

Chronic lead performance and complications

Anatomy and histology of the conduction system

Future directions

Summary

Funding