Neuroimmune System

The book explores the intricate connections between the nervous and immune systems in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, offering a comprehensive overview of the bidirectional communication between these systems and their implications for disease progression and therapeutic interventions. The book aims to understand the recent developments in the field of neuroimmune communication. Key Features: In-depth analysis of immunological biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Exploration of the role of glial cells in neuroimmune interactions and their dual nature in disease pathology. Examination of short- and long-range interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system, including hormonal axis and cytokine milieu. Discussion on the impact of microbiota on neural networks and immune responses, highlighting the gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic avenues. Utilization of Drosophila model systems to study neurodegeneration, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies. Coverage of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, polyglutamine-related diseases, and tauopathy, with a focus on understanding disease progression and identifying therapeutic targets. The book stands out for its interdisciplinary approach, bridging the fields of neuroscience, immunology, and microbiology to provide a holistic understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. It offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between the nervous and immune systems, shedding light on novel therapeutic avenues for treating these debilitating conditions. Suitable for researchers, clinicians, and students in the fields of neurology, immunology, and microbiology, this book serves as an essential resource for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Table of Contents:

1 The Biology of Neuroimmune Communication

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Immune System of the Brain

1.2.1 Early Development of Neuroimmune Communications

1.2.1.1 Story of the “Crosstalk” and How It Impacts Brain Development

1.2.2 Neuroimmune Circuitry and Inter-Organ Development

1.2.2.1 Neuroimmune Communication in Skin

1.2.2.2 Neuroimmune Communication in Lungs

1.2.2.3 Neuroimmune Interaction in Intestine

1.2.2.4 Neuroimmune Interactions in the Liver

1.2.3 Neuroinflammation and the Cytokine Network

1.2.4 Key Players (Neurotransmitters) in the Neuroimmune Network

1.3 Crosstalk of the HPA Axis and the Immune System

1.3.1 Stress and the HPA Axis

1.3.2 Differential Activation Mechanism of the HPA Axis

1.3.3 Impact of Glucocorticoid on Immune Response

1.4 Immune Cell Trafficking and the Immune Privilege of the CNS

1.5 Clinical Relevance and Therapeutics Potential of Neuroimmune Network

References

2 Neuroimmune System Scenario in Neurodegenerative Disorders

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Role of Glial Cells and Macrophages in Brain Homeostasis and Disease

2.3 Neuroimmune Communications and Alzheimer’s Disease

2.4 Pathophysiology and Involvement of the Immune System in Multiple Sclerosis

2.5 Inflammation and Neuroimmune Communications in Parkinson’s Disease

2.6 Role of Immune System in PolyQ Disorders

2.7 Role of Complement System in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration

2.8 Discussion

References

3 Do You Have the Nerves to Fight Infection?

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Glia in the CNS as Innate Immune Cells

3.2.1 Microglia

3.2.2 Astrocyte

3.3 Neural and Hormonal Impacts on the Immune System

3.3.1 Lymphoid Organ Innervation: Sympathetic Versus Parasympathetic Innervation

3.3.2 Catecholamine Effects on Immune Cells

3.3.3 Glucocorticoids

3.3.3.1 Anti and pro-inflammatory activities

3.3.3.2 Autocrine/paracrine signaling

3.3.4 Neuropeptides and other hormones

3.4 Immune Effects on the Nervous System

3.4.1 Historical Prospective

3.4.2 Cytokine Pyrogenic Effects

3.4.3 Cytokine and HPA

3.4.4 Cytokine and Behavioural Effects

3.4.5 Synaptic Plasticity and the Role of Brain Cytokines

3.5 Changes in Immune-Nervous System Communication: From Physiology to Pathology

3.5.1 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

3.5.2 Cancer

3.6 Discussion

Appendix-1

References

4 Microbiota in Neuroimmune Regulations: Insights into Gut Neuropeptides and Gut Hormones

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Regulation of microbiota by immune system using barrier and immune exclusion

4.2.1 Neuro-Immune Sensing at Barrier Surfaces

4.3 Microbiota in development and regulation of neuro-immune system

4.3.1 Microbiota and nervous system

4.4 Interaction of Microbiota with Neuro-Immune System

4.5 Interaction of microbiota with neuro-immune system

4.6 The triage: microbiota and neuro- immune system

4.7 Conclusion and Future Directions

Appendix-1

References

5 Neuroimmune Biology in Cancer

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Historical Retrospective

5.3 Neuroimmunology of Cancer-Emerging Concepts

5.4 Stress-Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Tumorigenesis Axis

5.5 Perineural Invasion

5.5.1 Molecular Mediators of PNI

5.5.2 Cellular Mediators of PNI

5.6 Cancer-Induced Axonogenesis

5.7 Neurogenesis

5.8 Neurotropism

5.9 Neural Reprogramming

5.10 Origin of Nerves Associated with Tumor

5.11 Targeting the Adrenergic Receptors to Manage Cancer

5.12 Conclusion

References

6 Drosophila Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Parkinson’s Disease

6.3 Polyglutamine (Poly Q) Related Disorders

6.4 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

6.5 Alzheimer’s Disease

Appendix-1

References

Index