The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook

 

Description:

As new laser technology continues to emerge in the eye care field, there is a need for an up-to-date, comprehensive resource for eye care providers who are learning or currently performing these laser procedures.  Edited by Lars Freisberg, Nate Lighthizer, Leonid Skorin, Jr., Karl Stonecipher, and Aaron Zimmerman, The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook is a practical, clinical guide that covers everything from indications and procedural techniques to contraindications and potential adverse events. This all-in-one reference, including over 45 videos of laser procedures in the e-version, is designed for all eye care providers—from those performing the procedures to those co-managing pre- and post-operative visits. 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section 1 Laser History and Fundamentals

1 History of Lasers

ARGON LASER

NEODYMIUM: YTTRIUM ALUMINUM GARNET

EXCIMER

FEMTOSECOND

MICROPULSE AND DIODE LASERS

2 Lasers, Liability, and the Doctrine of Informed Consent

THE DOCTRINE OF INFORMED CONSENT

MEDICAL BATTERY

CONSENT: EXPRESS OR IMPLIED

ELEMENTS OF PROPER DISCLOSURE

PATIENT REFUSAL

Measuring the Standard of Care: the Reasonable Physician versus the Reasonable Person Standard

THE INCOMPETENT PATIENT

WITHHOLDING INFORMATION

THE LIMITS OF LICENSURE AND SCOPE OF PRACTICE

THE INFORMED CONSENT FORM

THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

VERBAL CONSENT

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS

INFORMED CONSENT IS A PROCESS, NOT JUST A FORM

CONCLUSION

3 The Basic Science and Mechanism of Laser Components

LIGHT AS A WAVE

LIGHT AS A PARTICLE

INTERFERENCE

COHERENCE

ATOMS AND ENERGY LEVELS

ABSORPTION

Rarefied Gas Made Up of Atoms: Atomic Gas

Rarefied Gas Made Up of Molecules

CONDENSED MATTER: SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND DENSE GAS

Opaque Substances

Transparent Substances

Pigments

EMISSION

Spontaneous versus Stimulated Emission

PROPERTIES OF LASER LIGHT

Monochromatism

Coherence

Directionality

Power Density

COMPONENTS OF A LASER

Medium

Excitation Mechanism, or Pump

The Resonance Cavity

LASER OUTPUT

AUXILIARY CRYSTALS AND FILTERS

4 Laser–Tissue Interactions

LASER FACTORS

TISSUE FACTORS

LASER–TISSUE INTERACTIONS

Photothermal—Photocoagulation

Photothermal—Photovaporization

Photodisruption

Photochemical or Photostimulation

Selective Photothermolysis

Photoablation

5 Laser Hazards, Safety, and Injuries

TYPES OF HAZARDS

CATEGORY OF RISK

Class I

Class II

Class III (IIIa and IIIb)

Class IV

LASER SAFETY REGULATIONS

SAFETY MEASURES

LASER INJURIES

Section 2 Corneal Laser Procedures

6 Photorefractive Keratectomy

INDICATIONS

ALTERNATIVES TO THE PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY PROCEDURE

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Absolute Contraindications

Relative Contraindications

PREOPERATIVE CARE

Patient Candidacy

Examination Elements

Counseling Discussion Points

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PROCEDURE

Methods of Epithelial Removal

Excimer Laser

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

Follow-Up Schedule

Bandage Contact Lens

Topical Antibiotics

Steroid

Lubrication

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Pain Management

Vitamin C

Shield

Ultraviolet Protection

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

Infection

Haze

Undercorrection/Overcorrection/Regression

Ocular Surface Disease

Central Islands

Irregular Astigmatism

Ectasia

VIDEOS OF THE PROCEDURES

EFFICACY

Short Term

Long Term

CODING/BILLING AND MODIFIERS

7 Laser In Situ Keratomileusis

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS

PATIENT-INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS

Informed Consent of the Patient

PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION FOR LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

Complications for Laser In Situ Keratomileusis

Preoperative Events

Intraoperative Events

Postoperative Events

VIDEO OF PROCEDURE

EVOLUTION OF LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS

EFFICACY

UPCOMING TREATMENT PROFILES

CODING/BILLING MODIFIERS

8 Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

PROCEDURE AND SETTINGS

Laser Treatment

Lenticule Dissection and Removal

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

Immediate Postoperative Period

Postoperative Drop Regimen

Postoperative Limitations

Treatments for Dry Eye Symptoms

Transient Glare and Halos

Postoperative Manifest Refraction

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

Overcorrection/Undercorrection

Epithelial Ingrowth/Implantation

Retained Lenticule Fragment

Decentration

Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis

Corneal Ectasia

Infectious Keratitis

VIDEO OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY

SMILE versus LASIK

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy

CONCLUSION

CODING/BILLING MODIFIERS

9 Femtosecond Laser in Corneal Transplantation

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY

CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR DEEP ANTERIOR LAMELLAR KERATOPLASTY

PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION FOR CORNEAL TRANSPLANT

PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

Complications of Penetrating Keratoplasty

Complications of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY—STUDY DATA

Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty

CODING/BILLING MODIFIERS

10 Corneal Cross-Linking

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

Medications and Devices for the Procedure

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEO OF PROCEDURE

Efficacy

CODING/BILLING AND MODIFIERS

Section 3 Glaucoma Procedures

11 Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY—RELEVANT ARGON LASER TRABECULOPLASTY STUDY DATA

ALT after Maximal Medical Therapy and as a First-Line Treatment

Long-Term Efficacy

Previous Trabeculectomy

Repeat ALT

Effect of Race and Age on Efficacy

Anterior versus Posterior Placement of Laser Burns

180- versus 360-Degree Treatment

CODING/BILLING

12 Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

SLT Settings

The Procedure

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY—RELEVANT SELECTIVE LASER TRABECULOPLASTY STUDY DATA

Efficacy as Primary/Initial Therapy

Efficacy as Secondary/Adjunctive Therapy

Use with Topical Glaucoma Medications

Efficacy in Different Patient Populations

Predictive Factors for Success

How Long Does the Effect of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Last?

Repeatability of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty

Efficacy after Prior Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty

Diurnal Control Benefits of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty

CODING/BILLING AND MODIFIERS

13 MicroPulse Laser Trabeculoplasty

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY—RELEVANT MICROPULSE LASER TRABECULOPLASTY STUDY DATA

How Does MicroPulse Laser Trabeculoplasty Compare to Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty?

How Much Does the MicroPulse Laser Trabeculoplasty Lower Intraocular Pressure?

Efficacy in Different Patient Populations

Predictive Factors for Success

How Long Does MicroPulse Laser Trabeculoplasty Last?

Repeatability of MicroPulse Laser Trabeculoplasty

Corneal Changes after MLT

CODING/BILLING

14 Peripheral Iridotomy and Iridoplasty

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

Green Laser Settings

Nd:YAG Settings

THE PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY

CODING/BILLING

IRIDOPLASTY

CODING/BILLING

15 Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT(FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY

CODING/BILLING

Section 4 Cataract and IOL

16 Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery

INDICATIONS

Anterior Capsulotomy

Lens Liquefaction and Fragmentation

Corneal Incisions

Astigmatic Keratotomy

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Intraoperative Miosis

Capsular Blockage Syndrome

Incomplete Anterior Capsulotomy

Surgically Induced Astigmatism

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

SAFETY AND EFFICACY

CODING/BILLING AND MODIFIERS

RETURN ON INVESTMENT

17 Nd:YAG Capsulotomy

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

Document Treatment

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY

CODING AND BILLING

CAUTIONARY TALES AND SPECIAL CASES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Section 5 Retina and Vitreous

18 Laser Floater Treatment (Vitreolysis)

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

USING NEW LASER TECHNOLOGY

Visualization: Coaxial Illumination

Energy

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY—VITREOLYSIS STUDY DATA

Objective Data

CODING/BILLING AND MODIFIERS

CONCLUSION

19 Panretinal Photocoagulation

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

Considerations for Slit-Lamp-Mounted Laser Units

Considerations for Laser Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

Considerations for Pattern-Type or Navigated Lasers

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

EFFICACY

CODING/BILLING

20 Focal and Grid Macular Laser

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

Laser Parameter/Settings Ranges

Lenses

General Considerations

For Diabetic Macular Edema

For Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions

For Central Serous Retinopathy

For Coats’ Disease, Retinal Capillary Hemangiomas, and Macroaneurysms

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

Overly Intense Laser Burns

Foveal Burns

Vascular Occlusion/Rupture

Exudative Retinal Detachment

VIDEO OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY

Diabetic Macular Edema

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm

Central Serous Retinopathy

CODING/BILLING AND MODIFIERS

21 Laser Retinopexy

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PREOPERATIVE CARE

SETTINGS AND PROCEDURE

Considerations for Slit-Lamp–Mounted Laser Units

Considerations for Laser Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

Considerations for Pattern-Type Lasers

POSTOPERATIVE CARE/CO-MANAGEMENT (FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE)

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

EFFICACY

CODING/BILLING

Section 6 Oculoplastics

22 Intense Pulsed Light Therapy

MECHANISM OF ACTION, EFFICACY, AND SAFETY

INDICATIONS

PATIENT SELECTION

FITZPATRICK SKIN TYPING SCALE

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PRETREATMENT PATIENT EDUCATION

PRETREATMENT PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

INFORMED CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS

PROCEDURE PROTOCOL

Tray Setup

Anesthesia

Medications

Safety Concerns

PROCEDURE

PROCEDURE CHECKLIST

DISCUSSION OF DEVICE SETTINGS

MEIBOMIAN GLAND DYSFUNCTION

HORDEOLUM/CHALAZIA

PIGMENTARY LESIONS

VASCULAR LESIONS

POSTTREATMENT INSTRUCTIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR TREATMENT

VIDEOS OF PROCEDURE

EFFICACY

23 Non-ablative Lasers in Aesthetics

MECHANISM OF ACTION, LASER PHYSICS, AND TARGET TISSUE

INDICATIONS

VASCULAR LESIONS AND PIGMENTED LESIONS

DISCUSSION OF DEVICE SETTINGS

PATIENT SELECTION

FITZPATRICK SKIN TYPING SCALE

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PRETREATMENT PATIENT EDUCATION

PRETREATMENT PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

PHOTOGRAPHY INFORMED CONSENT

INFORMED CONSENT

Infection

Scarring

Burns

Color Change

Visible Skin Patterns

Patient Failure to Follow Through

Damaged Skin

Unsatisfactory Result

Allergic Reactions

Lack of Permanent Results

Delayed Healing

Unknown Risks

Additional Treatment or Surgery Necessary

Informed Consent for Laser-Based Treatments

PROCEDURE PROTOCOL

Safety Concerns

Safety Goggles

Adequate Epidermal Cooling

PROCEDURE TECHNIQUE GENERAL

CLINICAL END POINTS

PROCEDURE CHECKLIST

HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT LIGHT SOURCE FOR SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS?

PROCEDURE FOR PERIORBITAL WRINKLES

KEY PROCEDURAL POINTS

POSTTREATMENT INSTRUCTIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP

POSTOPERATIVE EXPECTATIONS

Erythema

Edema

“Bronzed” Appearance

ADVERSE EVENTS

Occasionally

Very Rarely

Scarring

EFFICACY

24 Ablative Lasers in Aesthetics

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATIONS

PATIENT SELECTION

EXPECTED BENEFITS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PRETREATMENT PATIENT EDUCATION

PRETREATMENT PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS

PHOTOGRAPHY INFORMED CONSENT AND INFORMED CONSENT

Infection

Scarring

Burns

Color Change

Visible Skin Patterns

Patient Failure to Follow Through

Damaged Skin

Unsatisfactory Result

Allergic Reactions

Lack of Permanent Results

Delayed Healing

Unknown Risks

Additional Treatment or Surgery Necessary

Informed Consent for Laser-Based Treatments

PROCEDURE PROTOCOL

Patient Prep

Topical Anesthetic

Safety Concerns

Safety Goggles

Adequate Epidermal Cooling

PROCEDURE TECHNIQUE: GENERAL

PROCEDURE CHECKLIST

HOW TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT LIGHT SOURCE FOR SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS?

POSTTREATMENT INSTRUCTIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP

POSTOPERATIVE EXPECTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS

EFFICACY

Index

 

An aparitie	25 Oct. 2021
Autor	Lars Freisberg, Nathan Lighthizer, Leonid Skorin, Jr., Karl Stonecipher, Aaron Zimmerman
Dimensiuni	152 x 229 x 20 mm
Editura	LWW
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781975170172
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	456
Versiune digitala	DA