Te Linde s Operative Gynecology. Twelfth edition

Description:

 

Te Linde’s Operative Gynecology, Twelfth Edition, remains your authoritative resource on the comprehensive perioperative care of gynecologic patients.  New features in this edition include a primer on anesthesia, a chapter on positioning for pelvic surgery, a practical review of pediatric gynecology, and a section on the use of surgical instruments.  All chapters have been updated to reflect contemporary gynecologic practice and the latest minimally invasive surgical approaches.  New illustrations are included and each chapter includes step-by-step descriptions of surgical techniques. Today’s best surgeons and teachers offer a readable, intuitive, and concise reference for trainees as well as the experienced gynecologist.

 

Table of Contents:

 

SECTION I: Preparing for Surgery

1 Surgical Anatomy of the Female Pelvis

THE ABDOMINAL WALL

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue

Musculoaponeurotic Layer

Neurovascular Supply of the Abdominal Wall

Other Lumbar Plexus Branches

VULVA AND ERECTILE STRUCTURES

Subcutaneous Tissues of the Vulva

Superficial Compartment

Pudendal Nerve and Vessels

Terminal Branches of Pudendal Nerve

Autonomic Innervation to Erectile Structures

Lymphatic Drainage

Medial Thigh Compartment

THE PELVIC FLOOR

Perineal Membrane

Perineal Body

Posterior Triangle: Ischioanal Fossa

Anal Sphincters

Levator Ani Muscles

PELVIC VISCERA

Genital Structures

Lower Urinary Tract

Sigmoid Colon and Rectum

PELVIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Uterine Ligaments

Vaginal Connective Tissue Attachments and Extraperitoneal Surgical Spaces

Urethral Support

EXTRAPERITONEAL SURGICAL SPACES

Anterior and Posterior Cul-De-Sacs

Retropubic/Prevesical Space

Vesicovaginal and Vesicocervical Space

Rectovaginal Space

Region of the Sacrospinous Ligament and Greater Sciatic Foramen

RETROPERITONEAL SPACES AND LATERAL PELVIC WALL

Retroperitoneal Structures above the Pelvic Brim

Presacral Space

Pelvic Retroperitoneal Space

Lymphatics

BIBLIOGRAPHY

2 Preoperative Care of the Gynecologic Patient

ASSESSING PREOPERATIVE SURGICAL RISK

Patient Characteristics

Risk Scores

Procedure-Specific Risk Factors

PREOPERATIVE TESTING

Cardiac Testing

Chest X-Ray

Complete Blood Count

Coagulation Testing (PT, aPTT, Platelet Count, INR)

Electrocardiogram

Electrolytes and Creatinine

Liver Function Tests

Pregnancy Test

Pulmonary Function Tests

Type and Screen or Cross

Repeating Recent Testing

MANAGING RISK FACTORS: PERIOPERATIVE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SPECIFIC ADVERSE EVENTS

Major Adverse Cardiac Event

Infection

Venous Thromboprophylaxis

Bowel Preparation

Hemorrhage and Transfusion

Chronic Pain Patients

Management of Perioperative Anticoagulation

Management of Patients on Chronic Antiplatelet Therapy

MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC MEDICATIONS IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD

Herbal and Dietary Supplements

ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY PROTOCOLS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION II: Principles of Gynecologic Surgery

3 Anesthesia Primer for the Gynecologist

BASIC ANESTHESIA CONCEPTS

Anesthesia Care Team

Standard Anesthesia Monitoring

The Continuum of Consciousness

PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION

Risk Assessment

Airway Evaluation

Perioperative Fasting Guidelines

Anesthesia for High-Risk Patients

CONDUCT OF ANESTHESIA

Advanced Monitoring

General Anesthesia

Regional Anesthesia

FLUID MANAGEMENT AND BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY

Perioperative Fluid Administration

Managing Blood Loss

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAPAROSCOPIC OR ROBOTIC PROCEDURES

Positioning

Changes Related to CO2 Insufflation

Optimizing Ventilation for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery

Perioperative Complications

ENHANCED RECOVERY METHODS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

4 Patient Positioning for Pelvic Surgery

INCIDENCE OF NERVE INJURY

Lower Limb

Upper Limb

BASIC NEURAL ANATOMY AND RELATIONSHIP TO INJURY

Seddon’s Classification of Nerve Injury

Risk Factors

LOWER LIMB

Lumbosacral Plexus Anatomy

Proper Positioning to Prevent Nerve Injury

Clinical Implications and Management

UPPER LIMB

Brachial Plexus Anatomy

Proper Positioning to Prevent Nerve Image

Clinical Implications and Management

BIBLIOGRAPHY

5 Surgical Techniques, Instruments, and Suture

SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS

Scalpels

Scissors

Tissue Forceps

Needle Drivers

Tissue Clamps

Other Dissection Clamps and Instruments

Cervical Dilators

Suction Devices

Stapling Devices

Mechanical Hemostatic Devices

Harmonic Scalpel

Handheld Retractors

Fixed Retractors

SUTURE

Natural Absorbable Sutures

Natural Permanent Sutures

Synthetic Sutures

Synthetic Permanent Sutures

Metal Sutures

Surgical Needles

Surgical Knots

SURGICAL TECHNIQUES

Dissection Techniques

Elevate and Incise

Push and Spread

Rubbing/Wiping

Hydrodissection

EXPLORATION OF PELVIC RETROPERITONEUM

Dissection of the Pelvic Brim and Pararectal Space

Ligation of the Internal Iliac (Hypogastric Artery Ligation) and Uterine Arteries

Dissection of the Presacral Space

Dissection of the Space of Retzius or Retropubic Space

Dissection of the Paravesical Space

BIBLIOGRAPHY

6 Principles of Electrical and Laser Energy Applied to Gynecologic Surgery

HISTORY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROSURGERY

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROSURGERY

ELECTROSURGICAL UNITS (GENERATORS)

Electrosurgical Unit Output

Dispersive Electrodes (“Return Pads”)

ELECTROSURGICAL CIRCUITS, WAVEFORMS, AND TISSUE EFFECTS

Monopolar versus Bipolar Circuits

Continuous versus Interrupted Waveforms

Tissue Effects

SAFETY CONCERNS WITH MONOPOLAR CIRCUITS

Open Activation

Direct Coupling

Insulation Failure

Capacitive Coupling

Active Electrode Monitoring

ARGON BEAM COAGULATOR

BIPOLAR INSTRUMENTS

First Generation

Second Generation

ELECTROSURGICAL APPLICATIONS IN OPERATIVE HYSTEROSCOPY

Monopolar

Bipolar

ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY

LASER TECHNOLOGY

Historical Perspective and Background

Principles of Laser Technology

Types and Applications of Lasers

Laser Safety

SPECIAL SURGICAL SITUATIONS

Pregnancy

Body Piercing and Prosthetic Implants

Implantable Devices

HAZARDS OF ELECTROSURGERY IN THE OPERATING ROOM

Fire Hazards

Surgical Smoke

BIBLIOGRAPHY

7 Incisions for Gynecologic Surgery

PHYSIOLOGY OF WOUND HEALING

Hemostasis

Inflammation

Proliferation

Remodeling

ABDOMINAL INCISIONS

Transverse Incisions

Vertical Incisions

INCISIONS FOR OBESE PATIENTS

Midline Incision for the Obese Patient

Panniculectomy and Abdominoplasty

PERINEOTOMY INCISIONS

Schuchardt Incision

SUTURE AND KNOTS

Suture

Knots

CLOSURE OF VERTICAL INCISIONS

Use of Drains

Delayed Primary and Secondary Closure

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

Closed Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

WOUND DEHISCENCE AND EVISCERATION

INCISIONAL HERNIA

BIBLIOGRAPHY

8 Surgical Control of Pelvic Hemorrhage

PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RISK FOR BLEEDING

Elective Surgery

COMPONENT THERAPY FOR REPLACEMENT DURING SURGERY

POSTOPERATIVE SURVEILLANCE AFTER INTRAOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION

CONTROLLING INTRAOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE

Preparation for Surgery

Surgical Management

Use of Hemostatic Agents to Control Bleeding

Vascular Ligation Procedures

High-Risk Areas Susceptible to Bleeding

MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING

Use of Arterial Embolization to Manage Bleeding

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

9 Principles of Laparoscopy

DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

OPERATIVE LAPAROSCOPY

Imaging Systems

Insufflation Systems

Surgical Instrumentation

Endomechanical Devices

Energy Delivery Devices

Surgical Suite

Positioning the Patient for Laparoscopic Surgery

Abdominal Entry

Umbilical Site Entry

Alternative Site Entry

Secondary Trocar Placement

Tissue Removal

Laparoscopic Suturing

Fascial Closure

OPERATIVE LAPAROSCOPIC PROCEDURES

Adhesiolysis

Sidewall and Retroperitoneal Space Dissection

Posterior Cul-De-Sac Dissection

COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

Vascular Injuries

Urinary Tract Injury

Gastrointestinal Injury

Nerve Injury

Trocar Site Hernia

BIBLIOGRAPHY

10 Principles of Robotic Surgery

EQUIPMENT

da Vinci Surgical System

Surgeon Console

Patient-Side Cart

EndoWrist Instruments

Vision System

DOCKING Si AND Xi PLATFORMS

INTEGRATED HIGH-FIDELITY SIMULATOR

TISSUE EXTRACTION

FASCIAL CLOSURE

ROLE OF ROBOTICS IN GYNECOLOGY

Suture-Dependent Procedures

Procedures Requiring Fine Dissection

Large Patients and Pathology

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION III: Perioperative and Postoperative Care of the Gynecologic Patient

11 Postoperative Care of the Gynecologic Patient

IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE

Pain Control

Diet

Fluids and Electrolytes

INTERMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CARE

Postoperative Delirium

Cardiac Complications

Pulmonary Complications

Gastrointestinal Complications

Renal Complications and Electrolyte Imbalances

Postoperative Transfusion

Wound Care

Venous Thromboembolism

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION IV: Contemporary Gynecologic Surgical Procedures

12 Dilation and Curettage

INDICATIONS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

History

Physical Examination

Other Preparation for D & C

Role of Imaging

Local Anesthesia

Regional and General Anesthesia

D & C PROCEDURE

Positioning

Pelvic Examination

Preparation and Visualization

Cervical Dilation

Curettage

Endometrial Biopsy

ROLE OF HYSTEROSCOPY

IMMEDIATE COMPLICATIONS

Hemorrhage

Uterine Perforation

Cervical Injury

DELAYED COMPLICATIONS

Hemorrhage

Infection

MANAGEMENT OF ANTICOAGULATED PATIENTS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

13 Hysteroscopy

INTRODUCTION

INSTRUMENTATION

Telescopes

Camera

Light Generators

Diagnostic and Operative Sheaths

The Flexible Hysteroscope

DISTENSION MEDIA AND FLUID MANAGEMENT

Liquid Media

Gaseous Media

PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

OFFICE HYSTEROSCOPY

DIAGNOSTIC HYSTEROSCOPY

OPERATIVE HYSTEROSCOPY

Electrosurgical Devices and Lasers

SPECIFIC PROCEDURES IN HYSTEROSCOPIC SURGERY

Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

Uterine Polyps

Septate Uterus

Intrauterine Adhesions

Cannulation of the Fallopian Tube

Sterilization

Endometrial Ablation

Miscellaneous Procedures

COMPLICATIONS

Uterine Perforation

Management of Fluid Overload

Intraoperative and Postoperative Bleeding

Poor Visibility in the Operative Field

Gas Embolus

Infection

Equipment Failure

POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

14 Surgical Management of Abortion and Its Complications

FIRST TRIMESTER MISCARRIAGE

Epidemiology of First Trimester Miscarriage

Diagnosis of First Trimester Miscarriage

Management of First Trimester Miscarriage

FIRST TRIMESTER INDUCED ABORTION

Epidemiology

Legal Framework for Induced Abortion

Counseling Prior to Induced Abortion

Preoperative Evaluation

Prophylactic Medications for Vacuum Aspiration

Surgical Uterine Vacuum Aspiration

Medication Abortion

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY LOSS AND INDUCED ABORTION

Epidemiology

Counseling and Management Options

Preprocedure Medications and Preparation

Dilation and Evacuation Procedure

COMPLICATIONS OF SURGICAL ABORTION

Immediate Complications

Delayed Complications

Late Complications

ABORTION IN HIGHLY RESTRICTED SETTINGS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

15 Surgery for Benign Vulvar Conditions

VULVAR BIOPSY

Punch Biopsy

Shave Biopsy

Excisional Biopsy

Biopsy Complications

Postoperative Management

SURGERY FOR BARTHOLIN GLAND ABSCESS AND CYST

Incision and Drainage Using Word Catheter

Marsupialization

Excision

ABLATIVE PROCEDURES

Cryotherapy

Carbon Dioxide Laser

SURGERY FOR VESTIBULE DISORDERS

Excision

LABIAPLASTY

Edge Resection

Wedge Resection

Postoperative Management

PERINEOPLASTY

Technique

BIBLIOGRAPHY

16 Tubal Sterilization

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

TUBAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES PERFORMED BY MINILAPAROTOMY

Postpartum Tubal Sterilizations

Interval Tubal Sterilization

Complications Associated with Sterilization Performed by Minilaparotomy

TUBAL STERILIZATION PROCEDURES PERFORMED LAPAROSCOPICALLY

Bipolar Coagulation

Unipolar Coagulation

Nonthermal Methods of Tubal Occlusion

Complications Associated with Laparoscopic Sterilization

HYSTEROSCOPIC TUBAL OCCLUSION

Surgical Complications Associated with Hysteroscopic Sterilization

BILATERAL SALPINGECTOMY

Salpingectomy at Cesarean Section

Postpartum Bilateral Salpingectomy

Interval Bilateral Salpingectomy

Surgical Complications from Bilateral Salpingectomy

STERILIZATION EFFICACY

STERILIZATION SAFETY

LONG-TERM AND DELAYED COMPLICATIONS FROM TUBAL STERILIZATION

MENSTRUAL CHANGES AFTER STERILIZATION

REGRET

BIBLIOGRAPHY

17 Surgery of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube

TREATMENT OF BENIGN OVARIAN MASSES

Ovarian Cystectomy

Oophorectomy

ADNEXAL SURGERY FOR FERTILITY

Surgery for Tubal Obstruction

Tubal Reanastomosis

Ovarian Transposition

Ovarian Diathermy

BIBLIOGRAPHY

18 Myomectomy

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION OF LEIOMYOMAS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

PREOPERATIVE INVESTIGATION

ALTERNATIVES TO SURGICAL EXCISION

INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL MYOMECTOMY

PREOPERATIVE OPTIMIZATION

GENERAL PRINCIPLES TO DECREASE BLOOD LOSS AT MYOMECTOMY

HYSTEROSCOPIC APPROACH TO MYOMECTOMY

Preparation

General Principles of Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

Instrumentation

Operative Approach with Electrosurgical Devices

Operative Hysteroscopy with Vaporization

Hysteroscopic Tissue Retrieval Systems (Morcellators)

Postoperative Recommendations

Complications After Hysteroscopic Myomectomy

LAPAROSCOPIC MYOMECTOMY

ROBOT-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC MYOMECTOMY

MYOMECTOMY BY LAPAROTOMY

VAGINAL MYOMECTOMY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

19 Vaginal Hysterectomy

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

PREFERRED ROUTE FOR HYSTERECTOMY

INDICATIONS

Factors that Influence the Route of Hysterectomy

PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION

INTRAOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS FOR VAGINAL SURGERY

Basic Surgical Principles

Technique for Vaginal Hysterectomy

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Difficult Anterior Colpotomy

Cervical Elongation

Enlarged Uterus

ADNEXECTOMY AT THE TIME OF VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY

COMPLICATIONS OF VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY

POSTOPERATIVE CARE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

20 Abdominal Hysterectomy

HISTORY OF TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY

INCIDENCE AND TRENDS

INDICATIONS FOR HYSTERECTOMY

SURGICAL APPROACH

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

Uterine Size

Medical Management of Preoperative Anemia

TECHNIQUE OF ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY

SPECIAL SITUATIONS

Supracervical (Subtotal) versus Complete (Total) Hysterectomy

Appendectomy

Culdoplasty

Abdominoplasty

THE CHALLENGING HYSTERECTOMY

Obliteration of the Cul-de-Sac

Cervical and LUS Fibroid

POSTOPERATIVE CARE

REDUCTION OF PERIOPERATIVE RISK

Ureteral Stents

Universal Cystoscopy

Techniques to Reduce Blood Loss

Prevention of Adhesion

RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY

Transfusion

Postoperative Infection

Cuff Dehiscence

Urinary Tract Injury

Gastrointestinal Injury

Complications Related to Adhesion

Postoperative Neuropathy

Regret Childbearing/Reproductive Options

Sexual Function

Incontinence

Prolapse

Menopause

Effect on Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease

Mortality

Readmission

Learners and Hysterectomy

BIBLIOGRAPHY

21 Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy

HISTORY OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy

Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

ADVANTAGES OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH

Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy

Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

OPERATIVE PREPARATION

Patient Selection and Preparation

Patient Positioning

Robotic Equipment Setup

Port Placement

Uterine Manipulation

OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE

The Adnexa

The Uterine Corpus and Vessels

Colpotomy

Uterine Extraction

Morcellation

Cuff Closure

COMPLICATIONS

Cuff Dehiscence

Wound Complications

Urologic Injury

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION V: Gynecologic Oncology

22 Surgery for Preinvasive Disease of the Cervix

ABLATIVE PROCEDURES

Cryotherapy

Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy

EXCISIONAL PROCEDURES

Cold Knife Cone

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure

Postoperative Management

COMPARISON OF METHODS

COMPLICATIONS

DYSPLASIA IN PREGNANCY

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

23 Surgery for Preinvasive and Invasive Disease of the Vulva and Vagina

SURGERY FOR PREINVASIVE DISEASE OF THE VAGINA

Vaginal Biopsy

CO2 Laser Vaporization

Vaginectomy

SURGERY FOR VAGINAL CANCER

SURGERY FOR PREINVASIVE DISEASE OF THE VULVA

Vulvar Biopsy

CO2 Laser Vaporization

Simple Vulvectomy

SURGERY FOR VULVAR CANCER

Radical Vulvectomy

Urethral Resection

Management of Vulvar Cancer with Perianal Involvement

Inguinofemoral Lymphadenectomy

Inguinofemoral Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping

ULTRARADICAL SURGERY FOR VULVAR CANCER

SURGERY FOR LESS COMMON VULVAR MALIGNANCIES

Paget Disease of the Vulva

Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva

Bartholin Gland Carcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Sarcomas

Verrucous Carcinoma

RECONSTRUCTION

Skin Grafts

Flaps for Reconstruction

BIBLIOGRAPHY

24 Surgery for Endometrial Cancer

STAGING

PROGNOSTIC FEATURES

ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

SURGERY FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

Perioperative Assessment and Preparation

Hysterectomy

Lymphadenectomy

Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy

Minimally Invasive Lymphadenectomy

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping

SPECIAL CLINICAL SCENARIOS

Surgery for the Morbidly Obese Patient

Management of Advanced Disease

Surgery for Young Patients

SURGERY FOR NONENDOMETRIOID HISTOLOGIES

SURGERY FOR UTERINE SARCOMA

LYNCH SYNDROME

UNDIAGNOSED ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

BIBLIOGRAPHY

25 Surgery for Cervical Cancer

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Impact of Nodal Disease on Survival

PRETREATMENT EVALUATION AND STAGING

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF EARLY CANCER

Cervical Conization

Simple Hysterectomy with Lymph Node Assessment

Fertility-Sparing Radical Abdominal Trachelectomy and Conization

RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY

Positioning

Abdominal Exploration

Development of Paravesical and Pararectal Space

Dissection of Hypogastric Artery, Uterine Artery, Bladder, and Ureter

Dissection of Cardinal Ligament

Vaginal Closure

Ovarian Transposition

Lymphadenectomy

POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS

Urologic Complications

Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolus

Neuropathy

Rectal Dysfunction

Infection

PELVIC EXENTERATION

Positioning and Preparation

Surgical Approach

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CLASSIC STUDIES

26 Surgery for Ovarian Cancer

OVARIAN CANCER

Risk Factors for Developing Cancer

PRESENTATION

Patterns of Spread

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

SURGERY FOR EARLY OVARIAN CANCER

FERTILITY-SPARING SURGERY

SURGERY FOR ADVANCED CANCER

Primary Debulking Surgery

Exploration

Resection of Pelvic Tumor and Radical Oophorectomy

Lymphadenectomy

Small Intestinal/Ileocecal Resection

Appendectomy and Cancer Debulking

Resection of Rectosigmoid Colon

Resection of the Urinary Tract

Omentectomy

Resection of Diaphragm Tumor

Splenectomy

Liver Resection/Biopsy

Placement of Intraperitoneal Port

MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY IN OVARIAN CANCER

NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND INTERVAL CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY

SURGERY FOR RECURRENT DISEASE

PALLIATIVE SURGERY FOR RECURRENT DISEASE

Management of Bowel Obstruction

Gastrostomy Tube Placement

SURGERY FOR OTHER OVARIAN NEOPLASMS

Germ-Cell Tumors

Sex Cord–Stromal Cell Tumors

LOW MALIGNANT POTENTIAL TUMORS

OVARIAN CANCER DIAGNOSED IN PREGNANCY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION VI: Surgery for Pelvic Floor Disorders

27 Transvaginal Apical Suspensions for Uterovaginal Prolapse

UTERINE PRESERVATION (HYSTEROPEXY) VERSUS HYSTERECTOMY

TRANSVAGINAL APICAL SUSPENSION PROCEDURES

McCall Culdoplasty

Uterosacral Ligament Suspension

Uterosacral Hysteropexy

Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation

Sacrospinous Hysteropexy

Anterior Vaginal Mesh Colpopexy or Hysteropexy

COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES

Uterosacral Ligament Suspension versus Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation

McCall Culdoplasty versus Uterosacral Ligament Suspension or Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation

Vaginal Hysteropexy Comparative Trials

CHOICE OF REPAIR

BIBLIOGRAPHY

28 Sacrocolpopexy

PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

SURGICAL TECHNIQUE

Dissection of the Sacral Promontory

Dissection of the Vaginal Vault

Mesh Attachment

MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACHES

SURGICAL VARIATIONS

Sacrocolpoperineopexy

Sacrohysteropexy

POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

OUTCOMES

COMPLICATIONS

INDICATIONS FOR SACROCOLPOPEXY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF APICAL PROLAPSE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

29 Colporrhaphy and Enterocele Repair

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VAGINAL WALL PROLAPSE

SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH VAGINAL WALL PROLAPSE

ANATOMY AND FUNCTION

Delancey’s Levels of Support (see FIGS. 1.28 and 27.1)

Support of the Anterior Compartment

Support of the Posterior Compartment

EVALUATION

History

Physical Examination

Ancillary Testing

INITIAL MANAGEMENT

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

General Considerations

Procedures for Repair of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

Graft Use in the Anterior Compartment

Procedures for Repair of Posterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

Posterior Colporrhaphy and Site-Specific Posterior Repair

ENTEROCELE REPAIR

Vaginal Enterocele Repairs

Abdominal Enterocele Repairs

POSTOPERATIVE CARE

OUTCOMES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

30 Midurethral Slings and Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence

INTRODUCTION

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

INITIAL EVALUATION

History

Physical Examination

Additional Evaluation of SUI

NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF SUI

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SUI

Retropubic Midurethral Sling Procedures

Transobturator Midurethral Sling

Complications from Midurethral Slings

Burch Retropubic Urethropexy

Pubovaginal Sling

Urethral Bulking Agents

OCCULT SUI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

31 Colpocleisis

INTRODUCTION

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR OBLITERATIVE PROCEDURES

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

Preoperative Assessment of Older Women

Endometrial/Cervical Surveillance prior to Le Fort Colpocleisis

Evaluation for Hydroureter in Women with Severe Prolapse

Preoperative Evaluation for Occult Stress Incontinence

CONSIDERATION FOR CONCOMITANT HYSTERECTOMY

LE FORT COLPOCLEISIS

COLPECTOMY/COLPOCLEISIS

CONCOMITANT LEVATOR MYORRHAPHY AND PERINEORRHAPHY

PERIOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

Complications

Intraoperative Cystoscopy

Success/Failure Rates

Regret/Sexual Function

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

32 Vesicovaginal and Rectovaginal Fistula

INTRODUCTION

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

Obstetric Lower Reproductive Tract Fistulas

Nonobstetric Lower Reproductive Tract Fistulas

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Lower Urinary Tract Fistula

Rectovaginal Fistula

DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION

Lower Urinary Tract Fistula

Rectovaginal Fistula

NONSURGICAL AND CONSERVATIVE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF LOWER REPRODUCTIVE TRACT FISTULA

Conservative Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Fistula

Conservative Treatment of Rectovaginal Fistula

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF LOWER REPRODUCTIVE TRACT FISTULA

Perioperative Considerations

General Principles of Fistula Repair (Table 32.3)

Surgical Approach to Repair of Lower Urinary Tract Fistula

Surgical Repair of Rectovaginal Fistula

Tissue Interposition

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION VII: Management of Selected Gynecologic Conditions

33 Postoperative Infections in Gynecologic Surgery

RISK FACTORS FOR SSI

Patient-Level Risk Factors

Procedure-Level Risk Factors

EVALUATION OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION

Fever Evaluation

Physical Examination

Laboratory Testing

Imaging

POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION OUTSIDE THE SURGICAL SITE

Urinary Tract Infection

Pneumonia

Clostridium difficile Colitis

TREATMENT OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION

Superficial/Incisional Infection

Deep Incisional Surgical Site Infections

Organ Space Infections

Necrotizing Infections

Vaginal Cuff Infection

TREATMENT OF VULVAR INFECTIONS

ANTIBIOTIC HYPERSENSITIVITY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

34 Perioperative Shock in the Gynecologic Patient

SHOCK CLASSIFICATION

PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO SHOCK

Hypovolemic (Hemorrhagic) Shock

Distributive Shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Obstructive Shock

COMPLICATIONS OF SHOCK

Vasodilation

Coagulopathy

Cardiac and Renal Dysfunction

ABNORMAL PARAMETERS OF SHOCK

Venous Oxygen Saturation

Assessments of Cardiac Output

TREATMENT OF SHOCK

Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock

Treatment of Distributive Shock (due to Sepsis)

Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock

Treatment of Obstructive Shock

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

35 Management of Intraoperative Injury to the Urinary Tract

INTRODUCTION

SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE URETER, BLADDER, AND URETHRA

Ureter

Bladder

Urethra

INJURY TO THE BLADDER DURING GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY

Hysterectomy

Colposuspension

Surgery for Prolapse Repair

Sling Surgery

Postoperative Diagnosis of Bladder Injury

INJURY TO THE URETER IN GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY

Hysterectomy

Adnexal Surgery

Retropubic Surgery

Surgery for Vaginal Prolapse

Radical Pelvic Surgery

DIAGNOSING URETERAL INJURY

Intraoperative Diagnosis of Ureteral Injury

Postoperative Diagnosis of Ureteral Injury

TECHNIQUES FOR URETERAL REPAIR

Acute Ureteral Injury

Ureteroneocystostomy

Psoas Hitch

Boari Flap

Ureteral–Ileal Interposition

INJURY TO THE URETHRA DURING GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

36 Operative Complications of the Gastrointestinal Tract

ANATOMY

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

MANAGEMENT OF BOWEL INJURY

Inadvertent Enterotomy

Thermal Injury

MANAGEMENT OF BOWEL OBSTRUCTION

Benign Small Bowel Obstruction

Malignant Bowel Obstruction

MANAGEMENT OF FISTULAE

PERFORATED BOWEL

ACUTE APPENDICITIS

OGILVIE SYNDROME (COLONIC PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION)

PREPARATION FOR BOWEL SURGERY

Consent

Planning for a Stoma

Nutrition

Bowel Preparation

PROCEDURES

Appendectomy

Bowel Resection

Rectosigmoid Colectomy

Colostomy

POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND COMPLICATIONS

Wound Management

Complications of Small Bowel Surgery

Complications of Colorectal Surgery

Ostomy Complications

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CLASSIC STUDIES

37 Surgical Management of Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis

HISTORY OF SURGERY AND PELVIC PAIN

Pelvic Adhesive Disease

Endometriosis

SURGERY FOR PELVIC PAIN

SURGERY FOR ENDOMETRIOSIS

Resection of Implants

Resection of Cul-De-Sac Lesions

Management of Ovarian Endometrioma

Management of Rectal Endometriosis

Extirpative Resection of Endometriosis

Resection of Bladder Endometriomas

Management of Appendiceal Endometriosis

Presacral Neurectomy

Abdominal Wall Endometriosis

Extrapelvic Endometriosis

RESECTION OF OVARIAN REMNANTS

UTERINE SUSPENSION

UTERINE AND ADNEXAL SUSPENSION TO PREVENT ADHESIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

38 Surgical Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

ETIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

RISK FACTORS FOR PID

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

SEQUELAE OF INFECTION

ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT

PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE

SURGICAL TREATMENT

Preoperative Planning

Intraoperative Management

DELAYED SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

WOUND MANAGEMENT

POSTOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

39 Surgical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

INTRODUCTION

Risk Factors

DIAGNOSIS

Ultrasonography

Serum hCG Testing

Diagnostic Aspiration

Diagnostic Laparoscopy

TUBAL PREGNANCY

CESAREAN SCAR PREGNANCY

INTERSTITIAL PREGNANCY

OVARIAN PREGNANCY

CERVICAL PREGNANCY

ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY

HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCY

RUDIMENTARY HORN PREGNANCY

POSTOPERATIVE CARE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 Surgical Management of Reproductive Tract Anomalies

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE OUTFLOW TRACT ANOMALIES

Class I Anomalies

Class II Anomalies

Class III Anomalies

SURGERY FOR NONOBSTRUCTIVE ANOMALIES

Class I Anomalies

Class II Anomalies

Class III Anomalies

Class IV Anomalies

Class V Anomalies

Class VI Anomalies

MANAGEMENT OF OTHER OUTFLOW TRACT ANOMALIES

OTHER ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

SUMMARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

e-TABLE 40.1 Vaginoplasty for Vaginal Agenesis when Dilation Fails

41 Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologic Surgery

PERIOPERATIVE CARE

EXAMINATION UNDER ANESTHESIA AND VAGINOSCOPY

MANAGEMENT OF HYMENAL VARIANTS

MANAGEMENT OF GENITAL INJURIES

LAPAROSCOPY IN THE PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENT

ADNEXAL SURGERY

Ovarian Preservation

Ovarian Cystectomy

Paratubal Cysts

MANAGEMENT OF ADNEXAL TORSION

Oophoropexy

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SECTION VIII: Surgery for Obstetrical Complications

42 Surgery For Obstetrical Hemorrhage

PREPARATION FOR POTENTIAL HEMORRHAGE

Systems Preparedness

Multidisciplinary Teams and Centers of Excellence for Placenta Accreta

DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE

Trauma

Tissue

Tone

Thrombin

UTERINE-PRESERVING SURGICAL MANEUVERS

Uterine Artery Ligation

Uterine Compression Sutures

Hypogastric Artery Ligation

PERIPARTUM HYSTERECTOMY

Hysterectomy for Suspected Placenta Accreta

Hysterectomy for Unexpected Placenta Accreta

Emergent Hysterectomy

PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

Timing of Delivery

Retrograde Ureteral Stent Placement

Use of Intravascular Catheters

INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF BLEEDING

Blood Component Therapy

Intraoperative Blood Salvage

Hemostatic Agents

Aortic Compression

Pelvic Packing

COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF PERIPARTUM HYSTERECTOMY

CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF PLACENTA ACCRETA

BIBLIOGRAPHY

43 Repair of Episiotomy and Complex Perineal Lacerations

EPISIOTOMY

Incidence

Indications

Technique: Mediolateral and Midline Episiotomy

Technique: Mediolateral Episiotomy

Primary Episiotomy Repair

COMPLICATIONS OF EPISIOTOMY

Extension

Hematoma

Infection and Dehiscence

OBSTETRIC ANAL SPHINCTER INJURIES

Incidence and Risk Factors

Technique of Primary Repair

Complications of OASIS

Delayed Repair of OASIS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Index

 

An aparitie	2019
Autor	Victoria Handa , Linda Van Le
Dimensiuni	15.3 x 3 x 22.9 cm
Editura	Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781496386441
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	848