Pocket Guide to Oncologic Emergencies

 

Description:

 

 

This essential book is a comprehensive yet practical handbook on oncologic emergencies containing the important and current information on treating cancer patients in acute care settings such as emergency and urgent care departments and centers. A concise and evidence-based guide, it is the go-to resource for any acute care medical practitioner treating cancer patients, demystifying the processes of evaluating, diagnosing, and managing emergencies that often arise in the cancer patient population. The first part of the book offers an overview of cancer, anti-cancer treatment and pain and palliative care in the emergency department. It then moves on to provide a systems-based approach covering neurologic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory, lymphatic system, and integumentary cancer complications. The book also discusses the side effects of cancer treatments such as pain, delirium, dyspnea, and immunotherapy related adverse events, and importantly helps to bridge the gap between oncologic advancements for emergency medicine specialists.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Chapter 1 Cancer Overview

Introduction

Metastasis

General Statistics

Cancer in the Emergency Department Statistics

Cancer Treatment Modalities

References

Part 1 Anticancer TreatmentOverview

Chapter 2 Chemotherapy Overview

Main Chemotherapy Groups

Chemotherapy Types

References

Chapter 3 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Introduction

Cancers Treated by HSCT

Steps of the Stem Cell Transplant Process

HSCT Complications

References

Chapter 4 Hormone Therapy

Introduction

Examples of Hormone Therapy

References

Chapter 5 Immunotherapy

Introduction

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy

CAR T-Cell Therapy Process

References

Chapter 6 Radiation Therapy

Introduction

RT Delivery Modes

Types of Radiotherapy Intention

Fractionation Regimens

References

Chapter 7 Targeted Cell Therapy

Introduction

Small Molecule Therapy Examples

Monoclonal Antibodies

Other Examples of Targeted Therapies

References

Part 2: Pain and Palliative Care in the Emergency Department

Chapter 8 Acute Pain Management

Introduction

Etiology of Pain in Cancer Patients

Pain Assessment Considerations

Common Opiates Utilized in the Emergency Department

Emergency Department Pain Management

Common Initial ED Opiate Doses and Pearls

References

Chapter 9 Opiate Equianalgesic Conversion

Introduction

Equianalgesic Dosing Steps

Opioid Equivalency Table

Oral Morphine to Methadone Conversion Table

References

Chapter 10 Patient-Controlled Analgesia Pump

Introduction

PCA Contraindications

Programable PCA Pump Settings

Suggestions for PCA Initiation Orders in the ED

References

Chapter 11 Communication Tips for Delivering Bad News

Introduction

Cancer Patient Preferences

SPIKES: A Six-Step Protocol for Delivering Bad News

References

Chapter 12 End-of-Life Symptom Management

Introduction

Refractory Dyspnea

Useful Medications for Airway Symptom Management

Excessive Secretions

Dyspnea

Stridor

Anxiety

Palliative Sedation

References

Part 3: Systems Based Overview of Cancer Complications

Section 1 CardiovascularSystem

Chapter 13 Overview of Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Patients

Introduction

Pathophysiology

CVD Complications Caused by Cancer Treatments

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Targeted Therapy

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

References

Chapter 14 Cancer Treatment Induced Arrhythmia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Common (10%) Arrhythmias Associated with Various Anticancer Agents

Other Anticancer Treatments

History of Present Illness Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Treatment Pearls

References

Chapter 15 Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

History of Present Illness Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Management Pearls

Pharmacologic Management

Invasive Management

References

Chapter 16 Blood Transfusion Complications

Introduction

Overview of Acute Blood Transfusion Complications

Transfusion Reaction Workup

References

Chapter 17 Carotid Blowout Syndrome

Introduction

Risk Factors for CBS Development

History of Present Illness Pearls

Diagnosis

Physical Exam

Laboratory Analysis

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

Unstable, Actively Bleeding Patient

Impending or Threatened CBS

References

Chapter 18 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Introduction

Laboratory Diagnosis

Treatment

References

Chapter 19 Heart Failure

Introduction

Heart Failure as a Side-Effect of Anticancer Treatment

Heart Failure as a Comorbidity in Cancer Patients

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Pearls

Laboratory Analysis

Diagnostic Imaging Pearls

Management Pearls

References

Chapter 20 Hyperviscosity Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Findings

Diagnosis

Laboratory Analysis

Treatment

ED Management

References

Chapter 21 Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade

Introduction

Etiology of Cancer Related Pericardial Effusion

Malignancy

Causes of Cancer Tx Side Effect

Other Causes

Pathophysiology

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Treatment of Cancer Patients with Large Volume Pericardial Effusion

Assess for Hemodynamic Instability

Hemodynamically Unstable Patients

Hemodynamically More Stable without Evidence of Hypotension

References

Chapter 22 Pericarditis

Introduction

Etiology of Pericarditis in Cancer Patients

Clinical Diagnosis

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Treatment

References

Chapter 23 Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

ED Management

Definitive Treatment

References

Chapter 24 Venous Thromboembolism Management

Introduction

Pathophysiology Leading to Prothrombotic State in Cancer Patients

Diagnosis of VTE

Risk Stratification Scores

Khorana Score for VTE Risk Assessment in Cancer Patients in Outpatient Setting

Laboratory Analysis

Imaging

Risk Stratification for Pulmonary Embolism

Treatment of Acute VTE in Cancer Patients

References

Section 2 GastrointestinalSystem

Chapter 25 Constipation Management

Introduction

Etiology in Cancer Patients

History of Present Illness Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Treatment

References

Chapter 26 Cancer Related Diarrhea

Introduction

Causes of Diarrhea in Cancer Patients

Pathophysiology

History of Present Illness Pearls

Diarrhea Severity Assessment

Diagnosis Pearls

Treatment

References

Chapter 27 Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Introduction

Pathophysiology

CINV Risk Factors

Patient Specific

Treatment Specific

Emetogenicity of Different Chemotherapy/Biotherapy Agents

Treatment Options Specifically for Breakthrough CINV

References

Chapter 28 Feeding Tube Complications

Introduction

Troubleshooting Tube Related Complications

Clogged Long-Term Feeding Tube

Accidental Feeding Tube Removal

References

Chapter 29 Malignant Bowel Obstruction

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Intra-abdominal Tumor Factors Leading to MBO

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

References

Chapter 30 Malignant Intestinal Perforation

Introduction

Cancer Related Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation Pearls

Diagnosis

Lab Analysis

Diagnostic Imaging

ED Management

References

Chapter 31 Mesenteric Bowel Ischemia

Introduction

Cancer Related Risk Factors

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Lab Analysis

Radiologic Findings

Treatment

ED Management

References

Chapter 32 Mucositis

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale

Topical Symptomatic Treatment Options for Established Oral Mucositis

References

Chapter 33 Neutropenic Enterocolitis (Typhlitis)

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Laboratory Analysis

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

References

Chapter 34 Radiation Enteritis

Introduction

Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Treatment

References

Chapter 35 Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnostic Criteria

Laboratory Findings

Treatment

References

Section 3 GenitourinarySystem

Chapter 36 Gynecologic Oncology Surgery Complications

Introduction

Complications to Consider after Gynecologic Oncology Surgeries

VTE

Surgical Site Infections

Lymphedema and Lymphocyst

Urinary Dysfunction

Fistula Development

References

Chapter 37 Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Introduction

Etiology

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Laboratory Analysis

Imaging

ED Management

Severe Ongoing Bleeding

Medications for Symptom Control

Specific Treatment

References

Chapter 38 Hypercalcemia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Presentation

Diagnosis

Management

References

Chapter 39 Hyponatremia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Normal Sodium Balance

Impaired Sodium Balance

Cancers Causing Hyponatremia

Cancer Therapy Causing Hyponatremia

Clinical Presentation

History of Present Illness Pearls

Diagnosis

SIADH Criteria

Treatment

References

Chapter 40 Obstructive Uropathy

Etiology of Obstructive Uropathy

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Laboratory Analysis

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

References

Chapter 41 Troubleshooting Percutaneous Nephrostomy Tubes

References

Section 4 IntegumentarySystem

Chapter 42 Chemotherapy Extravasation Management

Introduction

Vesicating Chemotherapy Agents

Clinical Assessment

Treatment

References

Section 5 Lymphatic System

Chapter 43 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Toxicity

CAR T-Cell Toxicity (CARTOX)

CRS Grading and Treatment

ICANS Grading and Treatment

References

Chapter 44 Checkpoint Inhibitor Immune Related Adverse Events

Introduction

irAE Universal Toxicity Grade Overview

irAE Overview by System

History of Present Illness Pearls

Laboratory Tests

Diagnostic Imaging Pearls

General irAE Treatment Strategy

Endocrine irAE Treatment

Disposition

References

Chapter 45 Differentiation Syndrome in Acute Leukemias

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Laboratory Evaluation

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

ED Management

References

Chapter 46 Graft versus Host Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Manifestations

Acute GvHD

Severity of Acute GvHD

Chronic GvHD

Severity of Chronic GvHD

Laboratory Analysis

Radiologic Findings

Treatment

References

Chapter 47 Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Laboratory Analysis

Diagnostic Imaging

Treatment

ED Management

Definitive Management: Cytoreductive Therapy

References

Chapter 48 Neutropenic Fever

Introduction

Incidence

Pathophysiology

Microbiology

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Pearls

Laboratory Tests

Diagnostic Imaging Pearls

Tools to Risk Stratify Patients into High- and Low-Risk NF

The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Tool

The Clinical Index of the Stable Febrile Neutropenia (CISNE) Tool

Initial Antibiotic Choice

Disposition

References

Chapter 49 Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Introduction

Cairo-Bishop Definition of Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Physical Exam Pearls

Diagnosis

Treatment

Disposition

References

Section 6 Nervous System

Chapter 50 Approach to Cancer Patient with Altered Mental Status

Introduction

Risk Factors

Differential Diagnosis

Cancer Related Etiologies

Cancer Treatment Related Etiologies

Workup

Labs in ED

Imaging

Other procedures/tests

Disposition

References

Chapter 51 Delirium

Introduction

Delirium Etiology in Cancer Patients

Delirium Diagnostic Criteria

Delirium Screening in ED

Delirium Triage Screen

Brief Confusion Assessment Method (bCAM)

Treatment

Symptom management

References

Chapter 52 Depression

Introduction

Depression Diagnosis

Screening for Depression in the ED

Antidepressant Medications and Drug Interactions

References

Chapter 53 Elevated Intracranial Pressure

Introduction

Cancer Related ICP Increase Etiologies

Clinical Symptoms

Physical Exam Findings that are Concerning for Brain Herniation

Diagnostic Imaging

Management

References

Chapter 54 Intracranial Hemorrhage

Introduction

Less Frequent Causes

Rare Causes

Patient Presentation

Diagnosis

Imaging

Laboratory Analysis

Management

Coagulopathy correction

References

Chapter 55 Leptomeningeal Disease

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical Features

Headache:

Altered Mental Status

Cerebellar dysfunction

Seizures

Diagnosis

Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of the Brain and Spine

Lumbar Puncture

Treatment

References

Chapter 56 Malignant Spinal Cord Compression and Cauda Equina Syndrome

Terminology

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical Features

Pain

Neurologic Impairment

Sensory Findings

Autonomic Dysfunction

Cauda Equina Syndrome

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Findings

Diagnostic Imaging

Other Workup

ED Management

Glucocorticoids

Pain Management

Consults

Treatment

Prognosis

References

Chapter 57 Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Introduction

Diagnosis

Antibody Screening

Treatment

References

Chapter 58 Seizure Management

Seizure Etiology

Epilepsy Frequency Based on Type of Brain Tumor

Cancer Patient Evaluation after First Seizure Episode

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Pearls

Diagnosis

Treatment

Status Epilepticus

References

Chapter 59 Stroke in Cancer Patients

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Etiology of Cancer Associated Stroke

Cancer Types Associated with Stroke

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Laboratory Workup

Diagnostic Imaging

Management

References

Section 7 Respiratory System

Chapter 60 Cancer Treatment Induced Interstitial Lung Disease

Introduction

Chemotherapy

Targeted Therapy

Immunotherapy

Radiation Therapy Induced Pneumonitis

References

Chapter 61 Hemoptysis

Introduction

Pathogenesis

Initial Evaluation and History of Present Illness Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Laboratory Workup

Diagnostic Imaging

Massive Hemoptysis Treatment Pearls

Securing Airway

Immediate Post-Intubation Treatments to Help Achieve Hemostasis

References

Chapter 62 Hiccups

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Etiology in Cancer Patients

Treatment

References

Chapter 63 Laryngectomy Complications

Introduction

Difference between Laryngectomy and Tracheostomy

Overview of Potential Complications

Tubes and Devices That May Be Attached to Laryngectomy Stoma

Emergent Airway Management Tips for Laryngectomy Patients

References

Chapter 64 Malignant Central Airway Obstruction

Introduction

Etiology

History of Present Illness Pearls

Physical Exam Pearls

Diagnosis Pearls

Diagnostic Imaging

ED Management

References

Chapter 65 Malignant Pleural Effusion

Introduction

Initial Treatment

Definitive MPE Management

Guidelines Prior to Pleural Interventions

IPC Related Complications

Infection

Occlusion

Dislodgement

References

Chapter 66 Tracheostomy Complications

Introduction

Patient Assessment

Overview of Tracheostomy Complications

Acute Obstruction

Bleeding

Tracheo-innominate Fistula

References

Index

 

An aparitie	24 Aug. 2023
Autor	Monica Kathleen Wattana
Editura	Cambridge University Press
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781009055956
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	156