Pharmacology, An Issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, 1e: Volume 35-2 (The Clinics: Internal Medicine)

Description:

 

This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics focuses on Pharmacology. Editor Alan Kaye has assembled an expert team of authors on topics such as: Ketorolac, Oxymorphone and Tapentadol; Anticoagulation and Neuraxial/Peripheral Anesthesia; Pharmacologic Update on Antiemetics: Total parenteral nutrition/enteral nutrition in the ICU, Evolving Concepts; Reversal of Anticoagulants and Anesthesia Considerations; Non-opioids  Intravenous or Oral Analgesics for Perioperative  Pain Management, Update; Uterotonic Medications and Anesthesia Considerations: oxytocin, misoprostol, methylergonovine, carboprost; Pulmonary Vascular Mediating Drugs, Evolving Concepts; Alpha 2 Modulators and Anesthesia Considerations; Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in the Obese Patient; Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in the Geriatric Patient; Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in the Pediatric Patient; Anesthesia CV Drug Update; Pharmacogenomics: Anesthesia; Pharmacogenomics: Pain; Novel anticoagulants; Novel anesthetic agents; Novel opioids; Pharmacology of Newer Local anesthetics; Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory and Steroid Medications.  Implications for Anesthesia or Unique Associated Risks; Pharmacology of Octreotide.  Implications for Anesthesia and Associated Risks.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Ketorolac, Oxymorphone, Tapentadol, and Tramadol: A Comprehensive Review

Key points

Introduction

Ketorolac

Oxymorphone

Tapentadol

Tramadol

Anticoagulation and Neuraxial/Peripheral Anesthesia

Key points

Introduction

Potential advantages of regional anesthetic techniques

Antiplatelet agents

Summary

Pharmacology of Antiemetics: Update and Current Considerations in Anesthesia Practice

Key points

Introduction

Socioeconomic factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Risk factors for nausea and vomiting—factors that contribute

Patient factors

Surgery and anesthesia factors

Scoring

Definitions, physiology, and anatomy of nausea and vomiting

Pharmacologic prophylaxis

Dopamine antagonists

Novel agents

Corticosteroids

Anticholinergics

H1 antagonists

Combination therapies for postoperative nausea and vomiting

Alternative therapies for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Recommended strategies for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis

Discussion

Total Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in the ICU: Evolving Concepts

Key points

Introduction

Initiation and advancement of nutritional support

Adjunctive therapy

Drug interactions

Side effects

Summary

Anticoagulant Reversal and Anesthetic Considerations

Key points

Introduction

Available agents

Heparins

Vitamin K antagonists

Direct thrombin inhibitors

Direct factor Xa inhibitors

Applications for the anesthesiologist

An Update on Nonopioids: Intravenous or Oral Analgesics for Perioperative Pain Management

Key points

General introduction

Acetaminophen

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists

Gabapentin (Neurontin) oral capsule, tablet, solution

Gabapentin (Gralise) tablet oral once daily

Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant) extended-release oral tablet

Perioperative pain management of gabapentin

Pregabalin (Lyrica)

Perioperative pain management of pregabalin

Steroids

Alpha-2 agonists

Consequences of undermanaged acute pain

Summary

Uterotonic Medications: Oxytocin, Methylergonovine, Carboprost, Misoprostol

Key points

Oxytocin

Methylergonovine

Carboprost

Misoprostol

Summary

Pulmonary Vasodilators and Anesthesia Considerations

Key points

Introduction

Structure of pulmonary vessels and the role of endothelium and neural mechanisms

Pathophysiology

Criteria and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension

Vasodilators

Types of vasodilators

Anesthetic considerations in pulmonary hypertension

Summary

Alpha-2 Agonists

Key points

Clonidine

Dexmedetomidine

Perioperative Pharmacologic Considerations in Obesity

Key points

Introduction

Epidemiology

Definitions

Physiologic changes in obesity

General dosing strategies

Anesthetic induction agents

Neuromuscular blocking agents

Reversal agents

Inhaled anesthetic agents

Analgesics

Summary

Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in Geriatric Patients

Key points

Pharmacologic considerations of anesthetic agents in geriatric patients

Physiologic changes in geriatrics

Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review

Key points

Introduction and pediatric considerations

Pharmacokinetic considerations in pediatric patients

Individual drugs

Local anesthetics

Postoperative pain control strategies in pediatric patients

Neuromuscular blockers

Neuromuscular drug blocker classification

Individual drugs based on duration of action

Nondepolarizing (competitive) drugs

Intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking drugs

Short-acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

Indications for use of neuromuscular blocking drugs

Potential risks/complications

Cardiovascular Pharmacology: An Update and Anesthesia Considerations

Key points

Introduction

Anatomy of cardiac muscle fiber and sarcomeres

Excitation-contraction coupling: the cardiac action potential

Drugs for the management of hemodynamic instability

Vasopressors

Pharmacogenomics in Anesthesia

Key points

Introduction

Neuromuscular blocking agents

Opioids

Local anesthetics

Inhalation anesthetics

Malignant hyperthermia

Benzodiazepines

Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Cardiovascular genomics

Summary

Pharmacogenomics in Pain Management

Key points

Introduction

Metabolism variability

Weak opioids

Strong opioids

Opioid receptors

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

Ketamine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Summary

Novel Anticoagulant Agents in the Perioperative Setting

Key points

Introduction

Direct thrombin inhibitors

Factor Xa inhibitors

Novel oral anticoagulants and regional anesthesia

Antiplatelet agents

Antiplatelet agents and regional anesthesia

Summary

New Hypnotic Drug Development and Pharmacologic Considerations for Clinical Anesthesia

Key points

Introduction

Novel agents

Pharmacoeconomics and future directions

Summary

Essential Elements of Multimodal Analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Guidelines

Key points

Introduction

Components of multimodal, opiate-sparing analgesia

Future directions for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society Guidelines and bundled care in delivering multimodal analgesia

Procedure-specific multimodal analgesia

Emergency surgery

Specific patient groups

Cancer recurrence to measure impact of enhanced recovery or multimodal strategy

Chronic postsurgical pain prevention with adequate acute pain management?

Audit, evaluation of outcomes, and long-term follow-up of patients on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society Guideline–compliant pathways

Summary

Pharmacologic Properties of Novel Local Anesthetic Agents in Anesthesia Practice

Key points

Introduction

Naturally occurring site-1 selective sodium channel blockers

Novel local anesthetic delivery systems

Novel adjuvants of local anesthetics

Summary

Pharmacology of Acetaminophen, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, and Steroid Medications: Implications for Anesthesia or Unique Associated Risks

Key points

Acetaminophen

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Corticosteroids

Summary

Pharmacology of Octreotide: Clinical Implications for Anesthesiologists and Associated Risks

Key points

Background

Clinical pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

Forms

Dosage and administration

Dosage for specific conditions

Role of octreotide in medicine

New studies and new roles for octreotide

Contraindications

Anesthetic considerations

Octreotide use during anesthesia

Carcinoid crisis: is it preventable?

Drug interactions

Cautions

Side effects

Octreotide and pregnancy

Octreotide and breast feeding

Octreotide and pediatric use

Octreotide and geriatric use

Summary

Revisiting Oxycodone Analgesia: A Review and Hypothesis

Key points

Introduction

Basic pharmacokinetics

Pharmacogenetic variation or metabolite contribution

Pharmacodynamic dilemma

The role of peripheral opioid receptors in peripheral oxycodone analgesia

Oxycodone and its active metabolites binding sites

An Analysis of New Approaches and Drug Formulations for Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain

Key points

Introduction

Current treatments

Summary

Index

 

An aparitie	26 Jun. 2017
Autor	Alan D. Kaye MD PhD DABA DABPM DABIPP
Dimensiuni	15 x 2.2 x 21 cm
Editura	Elsevier
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9780323529976
Limba	Engleza