Nuclear Medicine: The Essentials

Description:

Perfect for residents and fellows to use during rotations, or as a quick review for practicing radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians, Nuclear Medicine: The Essentials is a complete, concise overview of the most important knowledge in this challenging and evolving field. Each chapter begins with learning objectives and ends with board-style questions that help you focus your learning. A self-assessment examination in print and additional self-assessment material online test your mastery of the content and prepare you for exams. 

 

 

Table of contents:

 

Chapter 1 Basics of Nuclear Medicine Physics and Radiation Safety

The Atomic Structure

Radioactive decay

Isomeric transition

Positron decay

Electron capture

Characteristic X-rays

Radioactivity

Universal decay table

Radioactivity Equilibrium

Interaction of radiation with matter

Radiation safety

Radiation exposure limits

Release of patients following I-131 therapy

Radiation Safety Fundamentals

Radiation monitoring

Radiation exposure to pregnant personnel

Area designation and posting

Controlled area

Restricted area

Radiation area

High radiation area

Radioactive materials

Ordering, receipt, and disposal of radioactive materials

Radiation safety surveys

Waste disposal

Spill of radioactive materials

Minor spills

Major spills

Medical events

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 2 Basics of Radiochemistry

Introduction

Basic Concepts of Radionuclide

Atomic nucleus

Forces in the nucleus

Isotopes and radioactive decay

Interaction of radiation with matter

Production of radionuclides

Basic Concepts of Radiolabeling

Isotopic labeling

Nonisotopic labeling

Specific activity

Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography tracers

Radionuclide selection

Radiochemistry with positron emission tomography radionuclides

Radiolabeling with F-18

Nucleophilic reactions

Electrophilic reactions

Radiolabeling using prosthetic agents

Automation radiosynthesis

Radiolabeling with C-11

Radiolabeling with other positron emission tomography radionuclides

Radiopharmaceuticals

Quality Control of Radiopharmaceuticals

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 3 Basics of Instrumentation

Introduction

Gas detectors

Geiger–Muller survey meters

Scintillation detectors

Pulse height analyzer

Gamma cameras

Collimator geometry

Scintillation crystal

Photomultiplier tubes

Energy and position logic computer

Single-photon emission computed tomography

Single-photon emission computed tomography image quality

Positron emission tomography

Problems with reconstruction of positron emission tomography images

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography instrumentation

Time of flight positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 4 Thyroid Imaging and Therapy

Introduction

Hyperthyroidism

Background

General diagnostic and treatment algorithm

Role of nuclear imaging

Radioiodine therapy

Side effects and radiation precautions

Thyroid Cancer

Background

Treatment overview

Role of nuclear imaging and therapy

Radioiodine scans

Radioiodine therapy

Post-therapy scans

Side effects and radiation precautions

Non-iodine avid disease

Conclusion

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 5 Parathyroid Scintigraphy

Background

Parathyroid scintigraphy

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 6 Neuroendocrine Tumor Imaging and Therapy

Introduction

Background

Somatostatin receptors

Somatostatin receptor imaging

Somatostatin receptor therapy

Clinical Trials of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy

Phase I or II experience

177Lu-Dotatate Therapy

Patient selection

Future directions and controversies

Performing the therapy

Efficacy

Neuroblastoma

Pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma

Medullary thyroid cancer

Conclusion

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 7 Central Nervous System

Introduction

Clinical Applications

Cerebrospinal fluid flow imaging

Brain death

Epilepsy

Movement disorders

Cerebrovascular disease

Parametric brain SPECT or PET mapping

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 8 Bone Scintigraphy

Introduction

Normal Biodistribution

Clinical Applications

Bone vascularity and viability

Prosthesis evaluation

Metabolic bone disease

Malignant disease

Extra-Osseous Uptake

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 9 Infection and Inflammation

Introduction

Basic principles of imaging labeled white blood cell scintigraphy

Basic principles of imaging FDG

Clinical imaging strategies in selected clinical settings

Systemic infection and inflammation

Localized or organ specific infection and inflammation

Novel and future aspects

Nuclear medicine aspects of COVID-19

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 10 Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine

Myocardial Function

Myocardial perfusion

Myocardial Viability

Infective, Inflammatory, and Deposition-Related Conditions

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 11 Pulmonary Scintigraphy

Introduction

Clinical Aspects of Pulmonary Embolism

Overall Imaging Strategies in Pulmonary Embolism

Practical Aspects of V/Q Scan

Interpretation of V/Q Scintigraphy—Pulmonary Embolism or No Pulmonary Embolism

Non-Pulmonary Embolism Use

Take Home Points

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 12 Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy

Gastrointestinal Functional Studies

Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy

Scintigraphic Principle

General Study Protocol

Interpretation and Reporting

Gastroesophageal Reflux and Pulmonary Aspiration

Scintigraphic principle

General study protocol

Interpretation and reporting

Small Bowel and Colon Transit Studies

Procedure

Protocols

Image analysis

Salivary Gland Function

Protocol

Applications

Meckel’s Scintigraphy

Scintigraphic principle

General study protocol

Interpretation and reporting

Biliary Acid Recirculation

Scintigraphic principle

General study protocol

Protein-losing Enteropathy

Scintigraphic principle

General study protocol

Interpretation and reporting

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scintigraphy

Scintigraphic principle

General study protocol

Interpretation and reporting

Hepatobiliary and splenic scintigraphy

Cholescintigraphy

Radiopharmaceuticals

Indications

Contraindications

General study protocol

Postprandial epigastric pain

Postsurgical complications

Biliary atresia

Choledochal cysts

Liver function and surgical planning pre-liver resection

Liver Assessment Before Selective Internal Radiation Therapy

Other applications

Splenic Scintigraphy

Indications

Protocol

Acknowledgment

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 13 Renal Scintigraphy

Radiopharmaceuticals

Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid

Iodine-131 orthoiodohippurate

Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine

Technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose

Normal Renal Function

Clinical Applications

Renal failure

Renal infection

Renal obstructive disease

Renovascular disease

Renal transplant assessment

Renal Cancer

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 14 Positron Emission Tomography (PET), PET/CT, and PET/MRI

Introduction

Radiopharmaceuticals and instrumentation

Positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals

Technical considerations

Other positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals in oncologic applications

Myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography tracers

Clinical applications in oncology

Genitourinary malignancies

Prostate

Breast cancer

Cardiology applications

NeuroPET

Interictal seizure localization

Summary

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 15 Lymphoscintigraphy

Lymphoscintigraphy Principles

Cancer lymphatic drainage

Lymphedema

Reverse Lymphatic Mapping

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 16 Radio-Theranostics

Introduction

Radio-theranostic pairs

Pseudo–radio-theranostic pairs

Radio-theranostics in the clinic

Summary

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 17 Essentials of Pediatric Nuclear Medicine

Introduction

Radiopharmaceutical Dosage and Radiation Dose

Distraction Techniques, Sedation, and General Anesthesia

Thyroid

Congenital hypothyroidism

Graves’ disease

Differentiated thyroid cancer

Urinary Tract

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tracts

Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

Voiding cystography

Hepatobiliary System and Spleen

Neonatal biliary atresia

Other pediatric-specific hepatobiliary and splenic pathologies

Gastrointestinal Tract

Gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy, gastric emptying scintigraphy, and radionuclide salivagram

Ectopic gastric mucosa in a Meckel diverticulum

Musculoskeltal System

Bone stress injuries: Stress reactions and stress fractures

Back pain and spondylolysis

Non-accidental trauma

Complex regional pain syndrome

Functional Imaging in Pediatric Oncology

Metaiodobenzylguanidine in neuroblastoma

18F-FDG PET/CT in pediatric neoplasms

Infection and Inflammation

Central Nervous System

Epilepsy

Nuclear medicine cerebrospinal fluid shunts

Conclusion

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 18 Quality Assurance of Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation

Introduction

Gamma Camera Uniformity Test

Resolution and Linearity

Center of rotation

SPECT system performance evaluation

Quality assurance of CT scanners

Quality assurance of PET scanners

Blank scans

Normalization scans

Radioactivity concentration calibration

PET/CT performance evaluation

Summary of Quality Assurance of Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Chapter 19 Nuclear Medicine Procedures in the Pregnant and Lactating Patient

Introduction

What Are the Risks of Radiation in Pregnancy?

Recommendations regarding fetal radiation exposure

Radiopharmaceutical distribution and dosimetry in the pregnant patient

Imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy

Radioiodine distribution and dosimetry in the pregnant patient

Example Cases of 131I Treatments in Pregnant Patients from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards

Decision-Making Regarding Imaging with Radiopharmaceuticals in the Pregnant Patient

Radioisotopes and the lactating patient

Chapter Self-Assessment Questions

Index

 

An aparitie	25/01/2022
Autor	Hossein Jadvar, Patrick M. Colletti MD
Dimensiuni	22.23 x 1.91 x 28.58 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781496300645
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	310