Maternal Immunization

Description:

Immunization during pregnancy with currently recommended vaccines prevents infection in the mother, the unborn fetus, and the young infant, and there is an increasing focus from different stakeholders to use this approach for other infections of importance to protect these vulnerable groups. The aim of this Maternal Immunization book is to provide a contemporary overview of vaccines used in pregnancy (and the lactation period), with emphasis on aspects of importance for the target groups, namely, rationale for the use of vaccines in pregnancy, safety, immunogenicity (immunology), timing to vaccinate, repeat doses, protective effects in the mother, fetus, and infant, and public acceptance and implementation, of existing and of future vaccines.

• Provides an overview of a quickly evolving topic. This will benefit the reader who wishes to rapidly become informed and up-to-date with new developments in this field
• Suitable to a broad audience: scientific researchers, obstetricians, gynecologists, neonatologists, vaccinators, pediatricians, students, and industry. Maternal vaccination impacts a wide range of specialists
• Allows health care professionals/researchers to gain insight into other aspects of vaccination in pregnancy outside of their specialism
• Is coauthored by specialists from multiple disciplines, providing a diverse view of the subject, increasing its interest and appeal
• Creates awareness of the current developments in this area of medicine and of the potential of maternal vaccination to improve the health of mothers and infants worldwide

·         ·  Part I: Concepts of maternal immunization

·         ·  Chapter 1: The history of maternal immunization

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Acknowledgments

·         ·  Conflict of interest

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  The need from a historical perspective: Pregnancy

·         ·  The need from a historical perspective: Early childhood

·         ·  History of immunization in pregnant women

·         ·  Examples of recent work in select vaccines

·         ·  Current work

·         ·  Future work

·         ·  Historical perspective on women’s inclusion in research

·         ·  Current challenges

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 2: Vaccination of women in the pre-conception and post-partum periods

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Assessment of vaccination status and vaccination in the pre-conceptual period

·         ·  Vaccination in the post-partum period

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 3: Immunobiological aspects of vaccines in pregnancy: Maternal perspective

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Susceptibility to infectious diseases in pregnancy

·         ·  Innate and adaptive immune responses in pregnancy

·         ·  Effect of pregnancy on vaccine responses

·         ·  Transfer of maternal antibodies to the newborn infant

·         ·  Timing of maternal immunization

·         ·  Impact of chronic maternal infections on antibody transfer

·         ·  Maternal antibody transfer through breastmilk

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 4: Immunobiological aspects of vaccines in pregnancy: Infant perspective

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Interference with infant responses to vaccination

·         ·  Breastfeeding after antenatal vaccination: Potential for additional protection for the newborn?

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 5: Global considerations on maternal vaccine introduction and implementation

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Implementation

·         ·  Understanding and addressing factors affecting vaccine acceptance during pregnancy

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Conflict of interest

·         ·  Part II: Vaccines with current recommendations for use in pregnancy

·         ·  Chapter 6: Tetanus

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Clinical burden of disease for women and infants, and epidemiology

·         ·  Current recommendations tetanus vaccination in pregnancy, and evidence of effectiveness/efficacy in women and infants

·         ·  Evidence of safety of tetanus vaccination in pregnancy

·         ·  Future prospects

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 7: Influenza

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Influenza virus

·         ·  Clinical burden of disease and epidemiology

·         ·  Current recommendations for influenza vaccination during pregnancy

·         ·  Evidence of effectiveness of influenza vaccination in pregnancy

·         ·  Immunogenicity of influenza vaccines during pregnancy

·         ·  Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy

·         ·  Influenza vaccination in pregnant women living with HIV

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 8: Pertussis

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Conflict of interest statement

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Clinical burden of disease and epidemiology

·         ·  Pertussis vaccines

·         ·  Current recommendations for the use of pertussis vaccines in pregnant women

·         ·  Evidence of effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy

·         ·  Evidence of safety of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy

·         ·  Future prospects

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 9: Vaccination in pregnancy in specific circumstances

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b

·         ·  Vaccines in an outbreak situation

·         ·  Travel vaccines

·         ·  Vaccines for those at increased risk of infection

·         ·  Vaccines after exposure to infection

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Part III: Future vaccines for use in pregnancy

·         ·  Chapter 10: Respiratory syncytial virus

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Clinical burden of disease and epidemiology

·         ·  Protection against RSV

·         ·  RSV vaccines

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 11: Group B Streptococcus

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Group B Streptococcus

·         ·  Risk factors for Group B Streptococcus disease

·         ·  Epidemiology of Group B Streptococcus in young infants

·         ·  Maternal prevention strategies against Group B Streptococcus infection

·         ·  Group B Streptococcus vaccine development

·         ·  Pathways for licensure of maternal Group B Streptococcus vaccine

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 12: Cytomegalovirus

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Acknowledgments

·         ·  Introduction to CMV virology and structure

·         ·  Clinical burden of CMV disease

·         ·  Epidemiology of CMV

·         ·  Vaccines in development

·         ·  Future prospects

·         ·  Chapter 13: Zika virus

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Zika virus virology and structure

·         ·  Epidemiology

·         ·  Clinical aspects of ZIKV infection

·         ·  ZIKV vaccine development

·         ·  Evidence of vaccine safety and efficacy

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 14: Malaria

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Introduction

·         ·  Malaria parasitology and mechanisms of placental malaria

·         ·  Clinical burden of disease and epidemiology

·         ·  Challenges of developing a vaccine for malaria during pregnancy

·         ·  Malaria vaccines in development

·         ·  Ideal timing of vaccination (infant/adolescent/pre-conception/early pregnancy)

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Part IV: Conclusion

·         ·  Chapter 15: Conclusion

·         ·  Abstract

·         ·  Acknowledgments

·         ·  Maternal immunization: Past, present and future

·         ·  Immunobiological aspects of vaccines in pregnancy

·         ·  Conducting research in maternal immunization

·         ·  Global implementation and acceptance of maternal immunization

·         ·  Vaccination of women in the pre-conception and post-partum periods

·         ·  Currently recommended vaccines for use in pregnancy

·         ·  Vaccines recommended in specific circumstances

·         ·  Future vaccines which may be recommended for use pre-conception or during pregnancy

·         ·  Conclusion

·         ·  Index