Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care

 

Description:

Master the sonography content and skills you need to prepare for, and succeed in, your specialized career! Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care, 2nd Edition, provides essential information and real-world applicable content, bridging the gap between didactic and clinical training. An easy-to-understand writing style and logically organized format take you step by step through each aspect of this dynamic, rewarding, and continually evolving imaging specialty. 

 

Table of Contents:

 

PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO SONOGRAPHY

Chapter 1: Foundations for the Sonography Student

Going Back to School

Stress: Inevitable but Manageable

Financial Preparedness

Emotional Stability and Support

Physical Well-Being

Time Management

The Importance of Establishing Personal and Educational Goals

Classroom Survival Skills

Pertinent Coursework

Preparing for Tests

Maintaining Motivation in the Classroom

Clinical Survival Skills

The Sonographer: A Brief Overview

Utilizing the Scan Lab

Essentials of Professionalism in Clinical

Essentials of Work Ethic in Clinical Settings

Clinical Orientation and Information Gathering

Understanding Workflow

Imaging Departments and Modalities

Radiography

Computed Tomography

Nuclear Medicine Technology

Mammography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cardiovascular Interventional Technology and Vascular Interventional Technology

Appreciating Critical Thinking

Student Application of Critical Thinking

Summary

Chapter 2: The Sonographer: A Closer Look

Know Yourself Before You Know Others

Identifying Your Personality Type

Emotional Intelligence

Strength Recognition and Professional Maturation

Serving in Healthcare

Character

Competent Care and Flexibility

Courtesy and Respect

Compassion, Empathy, and Altruism

The Cost of Caring and Finding the Balance

Accountability, Honesty, and Integrity

Self-Motivation and Enthusiasm

Hunger for Knowledge

Self-Confidence

Final Thoughts on Character

Clinical Responsibilities and Workplace Challenges for the Sonographer

Sonographic Reasoning and Clinical Correlation

Appreciating Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology

Sonographer Reports

Occupational Stress for the Sonographer

Student Interaction with Sonographers

When and How to Communicate

Acquiring Scan Time

Student Interaction with Interpreting Physicians

Summary

Chapter 3: Historical, Current, and Future Applications of Ultrasound in Medicine

The Study of Sound

Ultrasound in Medicine

Imaging Modes and Doppler

Display Options

Doppler Technology

Tissue Harmonic Imaging

3D and 4D Technology

Specialties in Sonography

Abdominal Sonography

Small Parts Sonography

Breast Sonography

Neurosonography and Pediatric Sonography

Musculoskeletal Sonography

Gynecologic Sonography

Obstetric Sonography

Fetal Echocardiography

Vascular Sonography (Contributed by Dr. Traci B. Fox)

Echocardiography (Contributed by Maureen McDonald)

Transthoracic Echocardiograms

Stress Echocardiography

Transesophageal Echocardiography

Pediatric Echocardiography

Additional Technologies and Future Applications

Therapeutic Ultrasound

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided Brachytherapy

Ultrasound Elastography

Fusion Imaging

Intravascular Ultrasound

Automated Ultrasound

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma

Miniaturization

Wireless Technology

Future Possibilities and Artificial Intelligence

Summary

Chapter 4: Professional Environment, Leadership, and Career Establishment

Professional Environment

Academic Accreditation (CAAHEP, JRC-DMS, JRC-CVT)

Professional Organizations and Associations (SDMS, SVU, ASE, SOPE, AIUM, ASRT)

National Certification (ARDMS, CCI, ARRT)

Maintaining Certification

Laboratory Accreditation

Leadership Roles in Sonography

Leadership Styles and Followership

Staff Sonographer

Advanced Practice Sonographer

Management in Sonography

Sonography Educators

Travel Sonographers

Consultants or Technical Advisors

Sales/Application Specialist

Sonography Entrepreneur

Career Establishment

Searching and Applying for Jobs

Resume Writing and Social Networking

Interview Tips

Summary

Chapter 5: Ergonomics and the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

What Are Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders?

Ergonomics

Body Mechanics

Personal and Environmental Risk Factors

Posture and Body Positioning

Repetitive Motions and Force or Pressure

Room Design

Equipment Design

Job Design

Underlying Predisposing Conditions

Inflammatory Diseases Linked to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

Best Practices and Ergonomic Interventions for the Sonography Student

Shoulder and Elbow

Wrist and Hand

Neck and Back

Lower Extremities

General Treatment of Wrmsds and Review of Warning Signs

Summary

Chapter 6: Ethics and Professionalism

Ethics and Personal Values

Ethical Theories

Ethics in Action

Medical Ethics and Codes of Ethics

The Sonographer Code of Ethics

Ethical Issues in Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Nondiagnostic Use of Ultrasound

Ultrasound Screening for Vascular Disease

The Role of the Sonographer in the Abortion Debate

Professionalism

Professional Etiquette and Teamwork

First Impressions for the Sonography Student

Summary

Chapter 7: Legal Essentials and Patient Rights

Law Basics

Types of Law

Common Law

Statutory Law

Administrative Law

Criminal Law

Civil Law

Sonographer Scope of Practice

Good Samaritan Laws

Patient Rights

HIPAA and Patient Confidentiality

Patient Rights Related to End-of-Life Issues

Sonographer Documentation

Summary

Chapter 8: Basic Principles and Knobology

Directional Terminology and Patient Positioning

Transducers

Transducer Manipulation

Transducer Orientation and Scanning Planes

Medical and Vascular Sonography Scanning Planes

Transthoracic Echocardiography Scanning Planes

Care and Cleaning of Transducers

B-Mode and Basic Doppler Overview

Essential Universal Knobology

Acoustic Power

Annotation Keys

B-Color

Body Markers

Calipers

Cine (Cine Loop)

Clip (Clip Store)

Color (Doppler) and Power Doppler

Continuous-Wave Doppler

Depth

Dual Image

Ellipse

Field of View and Extended Field of View

Freeze

Zoom (Zoom vs. Res)

Image Store (Print or Save)

MultiHertz

Overall Gain

Time Gain Compensation

Tissue Equalization

Trace

Trackball

Transducer Select

M-Mode

Pulsed-Wave Doppler

Transmit Zone or Focus

Calcs (Calculations)

Summary

PART 2: INTRODUCTION TO PATIENT CARE

Chapter 9: Communication, Diversity, and Cultural Awareness

Primary Human Needs

The Grieving Process

Communication

Five Elements of Communication

Forms of Communication

Nonverbal Communication

Verbal Communication

Additional Potential Barriers to Effective Communication

Diversity and Cultural Competence

The Sonographic Examination: 10 Steps

Step 1: Assessment of Relevant Documents

Step 2: Examining Reports and Images

Step 3: Preparing the Examination Room and Protocol Review

Step 4: Introducing Yourself and Patient Confirmation

Step 5: Gathering Clinical History

Step 6: Patient Education

Step 7: Conducting the Sonogram

Step 8: Completing the Sonographer’s Report

Step 9: Sonographer Interaction with Interpreting Physician

Step 10: Discharging the Patient

Summary

Chapter 10: Fundamental Patient Care

Patient Assessment

Body Temperature

Pulse (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-1)

Blood Pressure (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-2)

Respiration (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-3)

Patient Assistance

Evaluating the Patient’s Mobility

Transferring and Transporting Patients (Appendix 3, Procedures 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, and 10-7)

Circumstances Requiring Unique Assistance

Care for Patients with Intravenous Infusion

Care for Patients with Urinary Catheters

Care for Patients on Oxygen Therapy

Assisting Patients with Bedpans or Urinals

Portable Sonography

Introduction to Electrocardiography for Echocardiography Students

Lead Placement

Simplified Heart Anatomy and Circulation

The Cardiac Conduction System

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Summary

Chapter 11: Medical Emergencies

The Role of the Sonographer in Emergency Situations

Assessing the Patient’s Neurologic and Cognitive Function

Types of Emergencies

Shock

Syncope

Seizures

Pulmonary Embolus

Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)

Diabetic Emergencies

Emergencies Requiring Immediate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Summary

Chapter 12: Infection Control for the Sonographer

Infection

Conditions That Favor the Growth of Pathogens

The Cycle of Infection and Modes of Transmission

Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections

Workplace Exposure for the Sonographer

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

Clostridium difficile

Tuberculosis

Bloodborne Pathogens

Viral Hepatitis

HIV and AIDS

Breaking the Cycle of Infection

Standard Precautions

Hand Hygiene (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-1)

Personal Protective Equipment

Gloving

Other Personal Protective Equipment (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-2)

Transmission-Based Precautions

Medical Asepsis in the Sonography Department

Personal Hygiene and Dress in the Workplace

Cleaning Equipment

Nonsterile Probe Covers

Proper Disposal of Examination Waste Items (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-3)

What If You Are Exposed?

Summary

Chapter 13: Invasive Procedures and Surgical Asepsis

Surgical Asepsis

The Rules of Surgical Asepsis

Preparing for an Invasive Procedure

Skin Preparation and Draping (Appendix 3, Procedure 13-1)

Opening a Sterile Pack and Adding Items to a Sterile Field (Appendix 3, Procedure 13-2)

Sterile Gloving

Draping a Transducer with a Sterile Probe Cover and Needle Guide

Syringe Assistance and Needle Disposal

Sonography in the Operating Room

The Surgical Scrub

Sterile Gowning

The Surgical Team

Summary

Chapter 14: Sonographic Examinations and Guidelines

Quality Assurance

As Low As Reasonably Achievable and Clinical Safety of Ultrasound

Abdominal and Small Part Sonography

Liver

Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

Pancreas

Spleen

Bowel

Peritoneal Fluid

Abdominal Wall

Kidneys and Urinary Bladder (Renal Sonogram)

Renal Vascular Assessment

Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava

Breast Sonography

Scrotal Sonography

Thyroid, Cervical Lymph Node, and Parathyroid Sonography

Musculoskeletal Sonography

Shoulder Examination

Gynecologic Sonography

Sonohysterography

Obstetric Sonography

First Trimester

Second and Third Trimesters

Vascular Sonography

Carotid Sonogram

Peripheral Venous Sonography

Upper Extremity Venous Sonogram

Peripheral Arterial

Transthoracic Adult Echocardiography

Summary

Appendix 1: Medical Terminology

Appendix 2: Translation Resources and English-to-Spanish Phrases

Appendix 3: Patient Care Procedures

Appendix 4: Electrocardiographic Dysrhythmias

Appendix 5: Laboratory Tests

Index

 

An aparitie	5 Mar. 2020
Autor	Steven M. Penny
Dimensiuni	17.78 x 1.78 x 25.15 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781975120108
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	490