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Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care
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Autor: Steven M. Penny
Editura: LWW
Limba: Engleza
Nr. pagini: 490
Coperta: Paperback
Dimensiuni: 17.78 x 1.78 x 25.15 cm
An aparitie: 5 Mar. 2020
Description:
Master the sonography content and skills you need to prepare for, and succeed in, your specialized career! Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care, 2nd Edition, provides essential information and real-world applicable content, bridging the gap between didactic and clinical training. An easy-to-understand writing style and logically organized format take you step by step through each aspect of this dynamic, rewarding, and continually evolving imaging specialty.
Table of Contents:
PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO SONOGRAPHY
Chapter 1: Foundations for the Sonography Student
Going Back to School
Stress: Inevitable but Manageable
Financial Preparedness
Emotional Stability and Support
Physical Well-Being
Time Management
The Importance of Establishing Personal and Educational Goals
Classroom Survival Skills
Pertinent Coursework
Preparing for Tests
Maintaining Motivation in the Classroom
Clinical Survival Skills
The Sonographer: A Brief Overview
Utilizing the Scan Lab
Essentials of Professionalism in Clinical
Essentials of Work Ethic in Clinical Settings
Clinical Orientation and Information Gathering
Understanding Workflow
Imaging Departments and Modalities
Radiography
Computed Tomography
Nuclear Medicine Technology
Mammography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cardiovascular Interventional Technology and Vascular Interventional Technology
Appreciating Critical Thinking
Student Application of Critical Thinking
Summary
Chapter 2: The Sonographer: A Closer Look
Know Yourself Before You Know Others
Identifying Your Personality Type
Emotional Intelligence
Strength Recognition and Professional Maturation
Serving in Healthcare
Character
Competent Care and Flexibility
Courtesy and Respect
Compassion, Empathy, and Altruism
The Cost of Caring and Finding the Balance
Accountability, Honesty, and Integrity
Self-Motivation and Enthusiasm
Hunger for Knowledge
Self-Confidence
Final Thoughts on Character
Clinical Responsibilities and Workplace Challenges for the Sonographer
Sonographic Reasoning and Clinical Correlation
Appreciating Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology
Sonographer Reports
Occupational Stress for the Sonographer
Student Interaction with Sonographers
When and How to Communicate
Acquiring Scan Time
Student Interaction with Interpreting Physicians
Summary
Chapter 3: Historical, Current, and Future Applications of Ultrasound in Medicine
The Study of Sound
Ultrasound in Medicine
Imaging Modes and Doppler
Display Options
Doppler Technology
Tissue Harmonic Imaging
3D and 4D Technology
Specialties in Sonography
Abdominal Sonography
Small Parts Sonography
Breast Sonography
Neurosonography and Pediatric Sonography
Musculoskeletal Sonography
Gynecologic Sonography
Obstetric Sonography
Fetal Echocardiography
Vascular Sonography (Contributed by Dr. Traci B. Fox)
Echocardiography (Contributed by Maureen McDonald)
Transthoracic Echocardiograms
Stress Echocardiography
Transesophageal Echocardiography
Pediatric Echocardiography
Additional Technologies and Future Applications
Therapeutic Ultrasound
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided Brachytherapy
Ultrasound Elastography
Fusion Imaging
Intravascular Ultrasound
Automated Ultrasound
Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma
Miniaturization
Wireless Technology
Future Possibilities and Artificial Intelligence
Summary
Chapter 4: Professional Environment, Leadership, and Career Establishment
Professional Environment
Academic Accreditation (CAAHEP, JRC-DMS, JRC-CVT)
Professional Organizations and Associations (SDMS, SVU, ASE, SOPE, AIUM, ASRT)
National Certification (ARDMS, CCI, ARRT)
Maintaining Certification
Laboratory Accreditation
Leadership Roles in Sonography
Leadership Styles and Followership
Staff Sonographer
Advanced Practice Sonographer
Management in Sonography
Sonography Educators
Travel Sonographers
Consultants or Technical Advisors
Sales/Application Specialist
Sonography Entrepreneur
Career Establishment
Searching and Applying for Jobs
Resume Writing and Social Networking
Interview Tips
Summary
Chapter 5: Ergonomics and the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
What Are Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders?
Ergonomics
Body Mechanics
Personal and Environmental Risk Factors
Posture and Body Positioning
Repetitive Motions and Force or Pressure
Room Design
Equipment Design
Job Design
Underlying Predisposing Conditions
Inflammatory Diseases Linked to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Best Practices and Ergonomic Interventions for the Sonography Student
Shoulder and Elbow
Wrist and Hand
Neck and Back
Lower Extremities
General Treatment of Wrmsds and Review of Warning Signs
Summary
Chapter 6: Ethics and Professionalism
Ethics and Personal Values
Ethical Theories
Ethics in Action
Medical Ethics and Codes of Ethics
The Sonographer Code of Ethics
Ethical Issues in Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Nondiagnostic Use of Ultrasound
Ultrasound Screening for Vascular Disease
The Role of the Sonographer in the Abortion Debate
Professionalism
Professional Etiquette and Teamwork
First Impressions for the Sonography Student
Summary
Chapter 7: Legal Essentials and Patient Rights
Law Basics
Types of Law
Common Law
Statutory Law
Administrative Law
Criminal Law
Civil Law
Sonographer Scope of Practice
Good Samaritan Laws
Patient Rights
HIPAA and Patient Confidentiality
Patient Rights Related to End-of-Life Issues
Sonographer Documentation
Summary
Chapter 8: Basic Principles and Knobology
Directional Terminology and Patient Positioning
Transducers
Transducer Manipulation
Transducer Orientation and Scanning Planes
Medical and Vascular Sonography Scanning Planes
Transthoracic Echocardiography Scanning Planes
Care and Cleaning of Transducers
B-Mode and Basic Doppler Overview
Essential Universal Knobology
Acoustic Power
Annotation Keys
B-Color
Body Markers
Calipers
Cine (Cine Loop)
Clip (Clip Store)
Color (Doppler) and Power Doppler
Continuous-Wave Doppler
Depth
Dual Image
Ellipse
Field of View and Extended Field of View
Freeze
Zoom (Zoom vs. Res)
Image Store (Print or Save)
MultiHertz
Overall Gain
Time Gain Compensation
Tissue Equalization
Trace
Trackball
Transducer Select
M-Mode
Pulsed-Wave Doppler
Transmit Zone or Focus
Calcs (Calculations)
Summary
PART 2: INTRODUCTION TO PATIENT CARE
Chapter 9: Communication, Diversity, and Cultural Awareness
Primary Human Needs
The Grieving Process
Communication
Five Elements of Communication
Forms of Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Verbal Communication
Additional Potential Barriers to Effective Communication
Diversity and Cultural Competence
The Sonographic Examination: 10 Steps
Step 1: Assessment of Relevant Documents
Step 2: Examining Reports and Images
Step 3: Preparing the Examination Room and Protocol Review
Step 4: Introducing Yourself and Patient Confirmation
Step 5: Gathering Clinical History
Step 6: Patient Education
Step 7: Conducting the Sonogram
Step 8: Completing the Sonographer’s Report
Step 9: Sonographer Interaction with Interpreting Physician
Step 10: Discharging the Patient
Summary
Chapter 10: Fundamental Patient Care
Patient Assessment
Body Temperature
Pulse (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-1)
Blood Pressure (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-2)
Respiration (Appendix 3, Procedure 10-3)
Patient Assistance
Evaluating the Patient’s Mobility
Transferring and Transporting Patients (Appendix 3, Procedures 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, and 10-7)
Circumstances Requiring Unique Assistance
Care for Patients with Intravenous Infusion
Care for Patients with Urinary Catheters
Care for Patients on Oxygen Therapy
Assisting Patients with Bedpans or Urinals
Portable Sonography
Introduction to Electrocardiography for Echocardiography Students
Lead Placement
Simplified Heart Anatomy and Circulation
The Cardiac Conduction System
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Summary
Chapter 11: Medical Emergencies
The Role of the Sonographer in Emergency Situations
Assessing the Patient’s Neurologic and Cognitive Function
Types of Emergencies
Shock
Syncope
Seizures
Pulmonary Embolus
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Diabetic Emergencies
Emergencies Requiring Immediate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Summary
Chapter 12: Infection Control for the Sonographer
Infection
Conditions That Favor the Growth of Pathogens
The Cycle of Infection and Modes of Transmission
Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections
Workplace Exposure for the Sonographer
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
Clostridium difficile
Tuberculosis
Bloodborne Pathogens
Viral Hepatitis
HIV and AIDS
Breaking the Cycle of Infection
Standard Precautions
Hand Hygiene (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-1)
Personal Protective Equipment
Gloving
Other Personal Protective Equipment (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-2)
Transmission-Based Precautions
Medical Asepsis in the Sonography Department
Personal Hygiene and Dress in the Workplace
Cleaning Equipment
Nonsterile Probe Covers
Proper Disposal of Examination Waste Items (Appendix 3, Procedure 12-3)
What If You Are Exposed?
Summary
Chapter 13: Invasive Procedures and Surgical Asepsis
Surgical Asepsis
The Rules of Surgical Asepsis
Preparing for an Invasive Procedure
Skin Preparation and Draping (Appendix 3, Procedure 13-1)
Opening a Sterile Pack and Adding Items to a Sterile Field (Appendix 3, Procedure 13-2)
Sterile Gloving
Draping a Transducer with a Sterile Probe Cover and Needle Guide
Syringe Assistance and Needle Disposal
Sonography in the Operating Room
The Surgical Scrub
Sterile Gowning
The Surgical Team
Summary
Chapter 14: Sonographic Examinations and Guidelines
Quality Assurance
As Low As Reasonably Achievable and Clinical Safety of Ultrasound
Abdominal and Small Part Sonography
Liver
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
Pancreas
Spleen
Bowel
Peritoneal Fluid
Abdominal Wall
Kidneys and Urinary Bladder (Renal Sonogram)
Renal Vascular Assessment
Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
Breast Sonography
Scrotal Sonography
Thyroid, Cervical Lymph Node, and Parathyroid Sonography
Musculoskeletal Sonography
Shoulder Examination
Gynecologic Sonography
Sonohysterography
Obstetric Sonography
First Trimester
Second and Third Trimesters
Vascular Sonography
Carotid Sonogram
Peripheral Venous Sonography
Upper Extremity Venous Sonogram
Peripheral Arterial
Transthoracic Adult Echocardiography
Summary
Appendix 1: Medical Terminology
Appendix 2: Translation Resources and English-to-Spanish Phrases
Appendix 3: Patient Care Procedures
Appendix 4: Electrocardiographic Dysrhythmias
Appendix 5: Laboratory Tests
Index
An aparitie | 5 Mar. 2020 |
Autor | Steven M. Penny |
Dimensiuni | 17.78 x 1.78 x 25.15 cm |
Editura | LWW |
Format | Paperback |
ISBN | 9781975120108 |
Limba | Engleza |
Nr pag | 490 |
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