Handbook of Spine Surgery

 

The go-to handbook on the current evaluation and surgical management of spinal disorders

Handbook of Spine Surgery, Third Edition edited by renowned spine surgeons Ali A. Baaj, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Juan S. Uribe, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and Mark S. Greenberg reflects new techniques introduced into the practice since publication of the last edition, along with four-color images and videos.

The book is organized into four parts and 66 chapters, starting with basic spinal anatomy. Part II covers the physical exam, electrodiagnostic testing, imaging, safety issues, intraoperative monitoring, bedside procedures, and the use of orthotics, pharmacology, and biologics. Part III discusses a full range of spinal pathologies and the final section concludes with 34 succinct procedural chapters.

Key Highlights

Contributions from an expanded "who's who" of spine surgery experts

New chapters cover state-of-the-art techniques, including endoscopy, CT-guided navigation, robotics, augmented reality, and vertebral body tethering

Procedural chapters include key points, indications, diagnosis, preoperative management, anatomic considerations, techniques, surgical pearls, and more

This is an invaluable resource for neurosurgical and orthopaedic residents, spinal surgical fellows, and practicing orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons who specialize in spine surgery.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Section I Anatomy

1 Craniovertebral Junction

1.1 Key Points

1.2 Bony Anatomy

1.3 Neural Anatomy

1.4 Vascular Anatomy

1.5 Muscular Anatomy ( ▶ Table 1.1 )

1.6 Ligamentous Anatomy ( ▶ Table 1.2 )

1.7 Surgical Pearls

1.8 Common Clinical Questions

1.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

1.10 References

2 Cervical Spine

2.1 Key Points

2.2 Bony Anatomy

2.2.1 Bony Landmarks

2.2.2 Vertebrae Anatomy

2.2.3 Geometric Measurements

2.2.4 Biomechanics and Mobility

2.3 Neural Anatomy

2.3.1 Geometric Orientation

2.3.2 Cervical Plexus and Phrenic Nerve

2.3.3 Brachial Plexus

2.3.4 Sympathetic Ganglia

2.4 Vascular Anatomy

2.4.1 Vertebral Artery Segments: V1 to V4

2.4.2 Blood Supply to Spinal Cord

2.4.3 Venous Drainage

2.4.4 Transverse Foramen and the Vertebral Artery

2.5 Ligamentous and Muscular Anatomy

2.5.1 Ligamentous Anatomy

2.5.2 The Carotid Triangle

2.5.3 Muscular Anatomy

2.6 Variations in Anatomy

2.7 Surgical Pearls

2.8 Common Clinical Questions

2.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

2.10 References

3 Thoracic Spine

3.1 Key Points

3.2 Bony Anatomy ( ▶ Fig. 3.1 and ▶ Fig. 3.2) ▶ [12]

3.3 Neural Anatomy

3.4 Vascular Anatomy

3.5 Ligamentous and Muscular Anatomy ( ▶ Table 3.1 )

3.6 Surgical Pearls

3.7 Common Clinical Questions

3.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

3.9 References

4 Lumbar Spine

4.1 Key Points

4.2 Bony Anatomy

4.3 Neural Anatomy

4.4 Vascular Anatomy ( ▶ Fig. 4.4)

4.5 Ligamentous and Muscular Anatomy

4.6 Surgical Pearls

4.7 Common Clinical Questions

4.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

4.9 References

5 Sacral–Iliac Spine

5.1 Key Points

5.2 Bony Anatomy

5.3 Neural Anatomy

5.4 Vascular Anatomy

5.5 Ligamentous and Muscular Anatomy

5.6 Surgical Pearls

5.7 Common Clinical Question

5.8 Answer to Common Clinical Question

5.9 References

Section II Clinical Spine Surgery

6 Physical Examination

6.1 Key Points

6.2 Main Components of the Spinal-Related Examination

6.3 Clinical Pearls

6.4 Common Clinical Questions

6.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

6.6 References

7 Spinal Imaging

7.1 Key Points

7.2 Description

7.3 Surgical Pearls

7.4 Common Clinical Questions

7.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

7.6 References

8 Radiation Exposure in Spine Surgery

8.1 Key Points

8.2 Description

8.3 General Principles of Radiation Protection ▶ [47],​▶ [52],​▶ [53],​▶ [54],​▶ [55],​▶ [56]

8.4 Evidence-Based Medicine Statements ▶ [49],​▶ [55]

8.5 Surgical Pearls

8.6 Common Clinical Questions

8.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

8.8 References

9 Electrodiagnostic Testing in Spine Surgery

9.1 Key Points

9.2 Description

9.2.1 Nerve Conduction Study

9.2.2 Electromyogram (EMG)

9.2.3 Pathophysiology of Radiculopathy

9.3 EMG/NCS Pearls

9.4 Common Clinical Questions

9.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

9.6 References

10 Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Spine Surgery

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Key Points

10.3 Methods

10.4 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

10.5 Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials

10.6 Free-Run EMG

10.7 Triggered EMG

10.8 H Reflex

10.9 Neuromonitoring in Spinal Deformity Surgery

10.10 Neuromonitoring for the Detection of Radiculopathy in Three-Column Osteotomies

10.11 Mechanomyography

10.12 Epidural D Wave Monitoring for Intradural/Intramedullary Pathology

10.13 Common Clinical Questions

10.14 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

10.15 Acknowledgments

10.16 References

11 Bedside Procedures

11.1 Key Points

11.2 Indications

11.3 Technique

11.3.1 Halo Orthosis and Traction

11.3.2 Lumbar Puncture or Lumbar Drain

11.4 Complications

11.4.1 Halo Orthosis and Traction

11.4.2 Lumbar Puncture or Lumbar Drain

11.5 Postprocedure Care

11.5.1 Halo Orthosis and Traction

11.5.2 Lumbar Puncture or Lumbar Drain

11.6 Outcomes

11.7 Surgical Pearls

11.7.1 Halo Orthosis and Traction

11.7.2 Lumbar Puncture or Lumbar Drain

11.8 Common Clinical Questions

11.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

11.10 Acknowledgments

11.11 References

12 Orthotics in Spine Surgery

12.1 Key Points

12.2 Indications

12.3 Biomechanics of Spinal Orthoses ▶ [80],​▶ [81]

12.4 Classifications

12.5 Cervical Orthoses (CO)

12.6 Cervicothoracic Orthoses (CTO)

12.7 Cervicothoracolumbosacral Orthoses (CTLSO) ▶ [89]

12.8 Thoracolumbosacral Orthoses (TLSO)

12.9 Lumbosacral Orthoses (LSO)

12.10 Sacroiliac Orthoses (SIO)

12.11 Common Clinical Questions

12.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

12.13 References

13 Pharmacology of Antithrombotics, Antifibrinolytics, and Osteoporosis Medications

13.1 Key Points

13.2 Prophylactic Anticoagulation

13.3 Treatment of Preoperative Thromboembolic Events

13.4 Treatment of Postoperative Thromboembolic Events

13.5 Reversal of Anticoagulation ( ▶ Table 13.1 )

13.6 Antifibrinolytic Agents

13.7 Osteoporosis Medications ( ▶ Table 13.2 )

13.8 Surgical Pearls

13.9 Common Clinical Questions

13.10 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

13.11 References

14 Spine Biologics

14.1 Key Points

14.2 Introduction

14.2.1 Evolution and Market Growth

14.2.2 Basic Properties

14.3 Classification

14.4 Autologous Biologics

14.4.1 Autografts

14.4.2 Bone Marrow Aspirate

14.4.3 Growth Factors

14.5 Allogenic Biologics

14.5.1 Allografts

14.5.2 Demineralized Bone Matrix

14.5.3 Bone Morphogenetic Protein

14.5.4 Synthetic Biologics

14.6 Pediatric

14.7 BOnE Classification

14.8 MISS and Biologics

14.9 Current Developments and Trends

14.10 Surgical Pearls

14.11 Common Clinical Questions

14.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

14.13 References

Section III Spinal Pathology

15 Congenital Anomalies

15.1 Key Points

15.2 Vertebral Developmental Abnormalities

15.2.1 Congenital Scoliosis

15.2.2 Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS)

15.3 Anomalies of Notochord Formation

15.3.1 Split Cord Malformations (SCMs)

15.4 Anomalies of Dysjunction

15.4.1 Spinal Lipomas ▶ [127]

15.4.2 Myelomeningocele

15.5 Surgical Pearls

15.6 Common Clinical Questions

15.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

15.8 References

16 Cervical Trauma

16.1 Key Points

16.2 General Principles

16.3 Upper Cervical Spine Trauma

16.3.1 Atlantooccipital Dissociation

16.3.2 Atlas (C1) Fracture

16.3.3 Axis (C2) Fracture and Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of C2 (Hangman’s Fracture)

16.3.4 Dens Fracture (C2)

16.3.5 Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma (C3–C7)

16.4 Common Clinical Questions

16.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

16.6 References

17 Thoracolumbar Trauma

17.1 Key Points

17.2 General Principles

17.3 Thoracolumbar Fracture

17.3.1 Key Concepts

17.4 Bracing

17.5 Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina Syndromes

17.6 Spinal and Neurogenic Shock

17.7 Common Clinical Questions

17.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

17.9 References

18 Sacropelvic Trauma

18.1 Key Points

18.2 Sacral Fractures

18.2.1 Background

18.2.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

18.2.3 Workup

18.2.4 Neuroimaging

18.2.5 Treatment

18.2.6 Surgical Pearls

18.3 Type B Injuries

18.3.1 Background

18.3.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

18.3.3 Workup

18.3.4 Neuroimaging

18.3.5 Treatment

18.3.6 Surgical Pearls

18.4 Type C Injuries

18.4.1 Background

18.4.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

18.4.3 Workup

18.4.4 Neuroimaging

18.4.5 Treatment

18.4.6 Surgical Pearls

18.5 Traumatic Spinopelvic Dissociations (Type C3 Injuries)

18.5.1 Background

18.5.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

18.5.3 Workup

18.5.4 Neuroimaging

18.5.5 Treatment

18.5.6 Surgical Pearls

18.6 Common Clinical Questions

18.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

18.8 References

19 Infection

19.1 Key Points

19.2 Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Diskitis ▶ [184],​▶ [185],​▶ [186]

19.2.1 Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis

19.2.2 Patient Presentation

19.2.3 Diagnostic Workup

19.2.4 Treatment

19.2.5 Prognosis/Complications

19.3 Epidural Infections ▶ [187],​▶ [188]

19.3.1 Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis

19.3.2 Patient Presentation

19.3.3 Diagnostic Workup

19.3.4 Treatment

19.3.5 Prognosis/Complications

19.4 Intradural Infections ▶ [189],​▶ [190]

19.4.1 Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis

19.4.2 Patient Presentation

19.4.3 Diagnostic Workup

19.4.4 Treatment

19.4.5 Prognosis/Complications

19.5 Postoperative Infections ▶ [191],​▶ [192],​▶ [193],​▶ [194]

19.5.1 Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis

19.5.2 Prophylaxis

19.5.3 Patient Presentation

19.5.4 Diagnostic Workup

19.5.5 Treatment

19.5.6 Prognosis/Complications

19.6 Surgical Pearls

19.7 Common Clinical Questions

19.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

19.9 References

20 Primary Bony Spinal Column Tumors

20.1 Key Points

20.2 Background

20.3 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

20.4 Workup and Neuroimaging

20.5 Treatment

20.6 Surgical Pearls

20.7 Common Clinical Question

20.8 Answer to Common Clinical Question

20.9 References

21 Surgical Management of Spinal Metastases

21.1 Key Points

21.2 Background

21.3 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

21.4 Workup and Neuroimaging

21.5 Treatment

21.6 Surgical Pearls

21.7 Common Clinical Questions

21.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

21.9 References

22 Intradural Extramedullary and Intramedullary Spinal Tumors

22.1 Key Points

22.2 Indications

22.3 Technique

22.3.1 Surgical Technique for Intradural Extramedullary Tumors

22.3.2 Surgical Technique for Intradural Intramedullary Tumors

22.4 Complications

22.5 Postoperative Care

22.6 Surgical Pearls

22.7 Outcomes

22.8 Common Clinical Questions

22.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

22.10 References

23 Cervical and Thoracic Spine Degenerative Disease

23.1 Key Points

23.2 Cervical Disk Herniation

23.2.1 Background

23.2.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

23.2.3 Workup

23.2.4 Treatment

23.2.5 Surgical Pearls

23.3 Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

23.3.1 Background

23.3.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

23.3.3 Workup

23.3.4 Treatment

23.3.5 Surgical Pearls

23.4 Common Clinical Questions

23.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

23.6 References

24 Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease

24.1 Key Points

24.2 Background

24.3 Specific Conditions

24.3.1 Radicular Pain

24.3.2 Neurogenic Claudication

24.3.3 Axial Back Pain from Intervertebral Disk Disease (without Deformity)

24.3.4 Axial Back Pain from Facet Joint Disease

24.3.5 Spondylolisthesis

24.3.6 Degenerative Scoliosis and Kyphosis

24.4 Common Clinical Questions

24.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

24.6 References

25 Congenital and Neuromuscular Scoliosis

25.1 Key Points

25.2 Congenital Scoliosis

25.3 Neuromuscular Scoliosis

25.4 Common Clinical Questions

25.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

25.6 References

26 Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

26.1 Key Points

26.2 Background

26.3 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

26.4 Workup

26.5 Neuroimaging

26.6 Treatment

26.6.1 Nonoperative Treatment

26.6.2 Operative Treatment

26.7 Surgical Pearls

26.8 Common Clinical Questions

26.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

26.10 References

27 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

27.1 Key Points

27.2 Definition

27.3 Prevalence

27.4 Clinical Evaluation

27.5 Radiographic Evaluation

27.6 Skeletal Maturity

27.7 Management Overview

27.8 Observation

27.9 Bracing

27.10 Physical Therapy

27.11 Surgical Intervention

27.12 Lenke Classification

27.13 Instrumented Level Selection

27.14 Common Clinical Questions

27.15 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

27.16 References

28 Adult Degenerative Deformity

28.1 Key Points

28.2 Background

28.3 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

28.4 Evaluation of Adult Degenerative Deformity

28.5 Spinopelvic Parameters

28.6 Treatment

28.7 Complications

28.8 Common Clinical Questions

28.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

28.10 References

29 Radiographic Parameters of Spinal Deformity

29.1 Key Points

29.2 Background

29.3 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

29.3.1 Neuroimaging

29.4 Treatment

29.5 Common Clinical Questions

29.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

29.7 References

30 Vascular Pathology of the Spine

30.1 Key Points

30.2 Cavernous Malformations

30.3 Arteriovenous Lesions

30.4 Common Clinical Questions

30.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

30.6 References

31 Spondyloarthropathies

31.1 Key Points

31.2 Ankylosing Spondylitis Seronegative Arthropathy

31.2.1 Background

31.2.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

31.2.3 Workup

31.2.4 Neuroimaging

31.2.5 Treatment

31.2.6 Surgical Pearls

31.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis

31.3.1 Background

31.3.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

31.3.3 Workup

31.3.4 Neuroimaging

31.3.5 Treatment

31.3.6 Surgical Pearls

31.4 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

31.4.1 Background

31.4.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

31.4.3 Workup/Neuroimaging

31.4.4 Treatment

31.4.5 Surgical Pearls

31.5 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

31.5.1 Background

31.5.2 Signs, Symptoms, and Physical Examination

31.5.3 Workup/Neuroimaging

31.5.4 Treatment

31.5.5 Surgical Pearls

31.6 Common Clinical Questions

31.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

31.8 References

32 Spinal Emergencies

32.1 Key Points

32.2 Spinal Hematomas

32.3 Cauda Equina and Conus Medullaris Syndromes

32.4 Spinal Epidural Abscess

32.5 Common Clinical Questions

32.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

32.7 References

Section IV Surgical Techniques

33 Occipitocervical Fusion

33.1 Key Points

33.2 Indications

33.3 Technique

33.4 Complications ▶ [422],​▶ [423]

33.5 Postoperative Care

33.6 Outcomes ▶ [424]

33.7 Surgical Pearls

33.8 Common Clinical Questions

33.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

33.10 References

34 Transoral Odontoidectomy

34.1 Key Points

34.2 Indications

34.3 Technique

34.4 Complications

34.5 Postoperative Care

34.6 Outcomes

34.7 Surgical Pearls

34.8 Common Clinical Questions

34.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

34.10 References

35 Endoscopic Endonasal Odontoidectomy

35.1 Key Points

35.2 Indications

35.3 Technique

35.4 Complications

35.5 Postoperative Care

35.6 Outcomes

35.7 Surgical Pearls

35.8 Common Clinical Questions

35.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

35.10 References

36 C1–C2 Fixation Techniques

36.1 Key Points

36.2 Indications of C1–C2 Fixation

36.3 Preparation for C1–C2 Fixation

36.3.1 C1–C2 Fixation Constructs Using C1 Lateral Mass Screws with C2 Pars, Pedicle, or Translaminar Screws ▶ [442],​▶ [443],​▶ [444],​▶ [445]

36.3.2 C1–C2 Transarticular Screws ▶ [449]

36.3.3 C1–C2 Wiring Methods ▶ [444],​▶ [450]

36.4 Complications

36.5 Postoperative Care

36.6 Surgical Pearls

36.7 Common Clinical Questions

36.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

36.9 References

37 Odontoid Screw Fixation

37.1 Key Points

37.2 Indications and Contraindications

37.3 Technique

37.4 Complications

37.5 Postoperative Care

37.6 Outcomes

37.7 Surgical Pearls

37.8 Common Clinical Questions

37.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

37.10 References

38 Cervical Arthroplasty

38.1 Key Points

38.2 Indications ▶ [455]

38.3 Technique

38.4 Complications ▶ [457]

38.5 Postoperative Care

38.6 Outcomes

38.7 Surgical Pearls

38.8 Common Clinical Questions

38.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

38.10 References

39 Anterior Cervical Diskectomy

39.1 Key Points

39.2 Indications

39.3 Technique ▶ [467],​▶ [468]

39.4 Complications

39.5 Postoperative Care

39.6 Outcomes ▶ [473]

39.7 Surgical Pearls

39.8 Common Clinical Questions

39.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

39.10 References

40 Anterior Cervical Corpectomy

40.1 Key Points

40.2 Indications

40.3 Technique

40.4 Complications

40.5 Postoperative Care

40.6 Outcomes

40.7 Surgical Pearls

40.8 Common Clinical Questions

40.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

40.10 References

41 Cervical Laminectomy with and without Fusion

41.1 Key Points

41.2 Indications

41.3 Contraindications

41.4 Technique

41.5 Complications

41.6 Postoperative Care

41.7 Outcomes

41.8 Surgical Pearls

41.9 Common Clinical Questions

41.10 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

41.11 References

42 Cervical Laminoplasty

42.1 Key Points

42.2 Indications

42.3 Contraindications

42.4 Technique

42.5 Complications

42.6 Postoperative Care

42.7 Outcomes

42.8 Surgical Pearls

42.9 Common Clinical Questions

42.10 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

42.11 References

43 Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy

43.1 Key Points

43.2 Indications and Contraindications

43.2.1 Indications

43.2.2 Contraindications

43.3 Technique

43.3.1 Patient Positioning

43.3.2 Preparation and Draping

43.3.3 Surgical Techniques

43.4 Microsurgical Techniques

43.4.1 Open Microscopic Procedure

43.4.2 Tubular Retractor Procedure

43.5 Foraminotomy Under Microscope

43.6 Endoscopic Techniques

43.6.1 Full Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy

43.7 Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy

43.8 Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy—Destandau’s Technique

43.9 Complications of Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy

43.10 Postoperative Care

43.11 Outcomes

43.12 Surgical Pearls

43.13 Common Clinical Questions

43.14 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

43.15 Acknowledgments

43.16 References

44 Cervical Open Reduction Techniques: Anterior and Posterior Approaches

44.1 Key Points

44.2 Indications

44.3 Technique

44.3.1 Anterior Approach ▶ [528]

44.3.2 Posterior Approach

44.4 Complications

44.5 Postoperative Care

44.6 Outcomes

44.7 Surgical Pearls

44.8 Common Clinical Questions

44.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

44.10 References

45 Surgical Resection of Spinal Vascular Lesions

45.1 Key Points

45.2 Indications

45.3 Technique

45.4 Complications

45.5 Postoperative Care

45.6 Outcomes

45.7 Surgical Pearls

45.8 Common Clinical Questions

45.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

45.10 References

46 Freehand Thoracic Pedicle Screw Insertion

46.1 Key Points

46.2 Indications

46.3 Technique

46.4 Freehand Screws for Deformity: Special Considerations

46.5 Complications

46.6 Postoperative Care

46.7 Outcomes

46.8 Surgical Pearls

46.9 Common Clinical Questions

46.10 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

46.11 References

47 Navigation in Spine Surgery

47.1 Key Points

47.2 Description

47.3 Indications and Advantages

47.4 Future of Spinal Navigation

47.5 Surgical Pearls

47.6 Common Clinical Questions

47.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

47.8 References

48 Robotics in Spine Surgery

48.1 Key Points

48.2 Indications

48.3 Technique

48.4 Complications

48.5 Postoperative Care

48.6 Outcomes

48.7 Surgical Pearls

48.8 Common Clinical Questions

48.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

48.10 References

49 Posterolateral Thoracic Approaches

49.1 Key Points

49.2 Indications

49.3 Technique

49.3.1 Transpedicular Approach

49.3.2 Costotransversectomy

49.3.3 Lateral Extracavitary Approach

49.4 Complications

49.5 Postoperative Care

49.6 Outcomes

49.7 Surgical Pearls

49.8 Common Clinical Questions

49.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

49.10 Acknowledgments

49.11 References

50 Minimally Invasive Lateral Retropleural Approach for Thoracic Diskectomy

50.1 Key Points

50.2 Indications

50.3 Technique

50.4 Complications

50.5 Postoperative Care

50.6 Outcomes

50.7 Surgical Pearls

50.8 Common Clinical Questions

50.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

50.10 References

51 Lateral Approaches to the Thoracolumbar Spine

51.1 Key Points

51.2 Indications

51.3 Technique

51.4 Complications

51.5 Postoperative Care

51.6 Outcomes

51.7 Surgical Pearls

51.8 Common Clinical Questions

51.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

51.10 References

52 Open and Minimally Invasive Spinal Lumbar Microdiskectomy

52.1 Key Points

52.2 Indications

52.3 Technique

52.3.1 Open

52.3.2 Minimally Invasive Technique

52.4 Complications

52.5 Postoperative Care

52.6 Outcomes

52.7 Surgical Pearls

52.8 Common Clinical Questions

52.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

52.10 References

53 Lumbar Laminectomy

53.1 Key Points

53.2 Indications

53.3 Technique

53.4 Complications

53.5 Postoperative Care

53.6 Outcomes

53.7 Surgical Pearls

53.8 Common Clinical Questions

53.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

53.10 Acknowledgments

53.11 References

54 Endoscopic Lumbar Techniques

54.1 Key Points

54.2 Indications

54.3 Surgical Technique

54.4 Complications

54.5 Postoperative Care

54.6 Outcomes

54.7 Surgical Pearls

54.8 Common Clinical Questions

54.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

55 Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

55.1 Key Points

55.2 Indications

55.3 Technique

55.3.1 Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

55.4 Complications

55.5 Postoperative Care

55.6 Outcomes

55.7 Surgical Pearls

55.8 Common Clinical Questions

55.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

55.10 References

56 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

56.1 Key Points

56.2 Indications

56.3 Technique

56.4 Complications

56.5 Postoperative Care

56.6 Outcomes

56.7 Surgical Pearls

56.8 Common Clinical Questions

56.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

56.10 Acknowledgments

56.11 References

57 Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion

57.1 Key Points

57.2 Indications ▶ [631]

57.3 Contraindications

57.4 Preoperative Planning

57.5 Patient Positioning

57.5.1 Standard LLIF

57.5.2 Prone Lateral (PL) LLIF

57.5.3 Prone Transpsoas (PTP) LLIF

57.6 Technique

57.7 Complications

57.8 Postoperative Care

57.9 Outcomes

57.10 Surgical Pearls

57.11 Common Clinical Questions

57.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

57.13 References

58 Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion

58.1 Key Points

58.2 Indications

58.3 Technique

58.4 Complications

58.5 Postoperative Care

58.6 Outcomes

58.7 Surgical Pearls

58.8 Common Clinical Questions

58.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

58.10 References

59 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy/Smith-Petersen Osteotomy

59.1 Key Points

59.2 Indications

59.3 Technique

59.3.1 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy

59.3.2 Smith-Petersen Osteotomy

59.4 Complications

59.5 Postoperative Care

59.6 Outcomes

59.7 Surgical Pearls

59.8 Common Clinical Questions

59.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

59.10 References

60 Vertebral Body Tethering for Scoliosis

60.1 Key Points

60.2 Indications

60.3 Surgical Technique

60.4 Complications

60.5 Postoperative Care

60.6 Outcomes

60.7 Surgical Pearls

60.8 Common Clinical Questions

60.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

60.10 References

61 Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement

61.1 Key Points

61.2 Indications

61.3 Technique

61.4 Complications

61.5 Postoperative Care

61.6 Surgical Pearls

61.7 Common Clinical Questions

61.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

61.9 References

62 Awake Spine Surgery

62.1 Key Points

62.2 Indications

62.3 Technique

62.4 Complications

62.5 Postoperative Care

62.6 Outcomes

62.7 Surgical Pearls

62.8 Common Clinical Questions

62.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

62.10 References

63 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

63.1 Advantages

63.2 Indications

63.3 Preoperative Imaging Considerations

63.4 Technique

63.5 Complications ▶ [684]

63.6 Patient-Specific Considerations

63.7 Outcomes ▶ [685]

63.8 Surgical Pearls

63.9 Common Clinical Questions

63.10 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

63.11 Acknowledgment

63.12 References

64 Sacroiliac Joint Fusion

64.1 Key Points

64.2 Indications

64.3 Techniques ( ▶ Fig. 64.1)

64.4 Complications

64.5 Postoperative Care

64.5.1 Open Technique

64.5.2 Minimally Invasive Technique

64.6 Outcomes

64.7 Surgical Pearls

64.8 Common Clinical Questions

64.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

64.10 References

65 Sacrectomy

65.1 Key Points

65.2 Indications

65.3 Preoperative Considerations/ Management

65.4 Anatomic Considerations

65.5 Technique

65.5.1 Combined Anterior–Posterior Approach

65.5.2 Reconstruction

65.6 Complications

65.7 Postoperative Care

65.8 Outcomes

65.9 Surgical Pearls

65.10 Common Clinical Questions

65.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

65.12 References

66 Vertebral Body Augmentation

66.1 Key Points

66.2 Indications

66.3 Diagnosis

66.4 Technique

66.4.1 Vertebroplasty

66.4.2 Kyphoplasty

66.5 Complications

66.6 Postoperative Care

66.7 Outcomes

66.8 Surgical Pearls

66.9 Common Clinical Questions

66.10 Answers to Common Clinical Questions

66.11 References

 

An aparitie	4 dec 2024
Autor	Ali A. Baaj, Praveen Mummaneni, Juan S. Uribe, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Mark S. Greenberg
Dimensiuni	127 x 202 x 32 mm
Editura	Thieme
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781684205547
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	676