Fields Virology: Emerging Viruses

 

Description:

Now in four convenient volumes, Fields Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Fields Virology: Emerging Viruses, Seventh Edition covers recent changes in emerging viruses, providing new or extensively revised chapters that reflect these advances in this dynamic field.

Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, including coronavirus and COVID-19, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as medical students pursuing a career in infectious diseases.

• Covers both basic science and medical features of each virus, emphasizing viruses of medical importance and interest, while also including other viruses in specific cases where more is known about their mechanisms of replication or pathogenesis.
• Covers virus evolution, as well as Coronoviridae, Picornaviridae, Enteroviruses, Caliciviridae, Hepatitis C Virus, Filoviridae, Henipaviruses, Orthomyxoviruses, Bunyavirales, Arenaviridae, and much more.
• Features over 500 full-color illustrations, including key figures for use as lecture slides.
• Provides quick, flexible access to current information both in print and in an improved eBook format, searchable across all volumes.
• Discusses virus structure, virus entry, replication, and assembly, virus-host cell interactions, host immune responses and vaccines, antiviral therapeutics, virus evolution and immunization.

 New and forthcoming Fields Virology volumes, available in print and eBook format, which are sold separately:

• Emerging Viruses
• DNA Viruses
• RNA Viruses
• Fundamental Viruses

Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience

• Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone.
• Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

 

Table of Contents:

1.    Cover

2.    Title Page

3.    Copyright

4.    Contibutors

5.    Preface

6.    Contents

7.    1 Virus Evolution

8.    INTRODUCTION

9.    THE ORIGINS OF VIRUSES AND PATTERNS OF VIRUS EVOLUTION

10.  The Origins of Viruses

11.  The Time Scale of Virus Evolution

12.  Codivergence and Cross-Species Transmission in Virus Evolution

13.  Metagenomics and Virus Evolution

14.  PROCESSES OF VIRUS EVOLUTION

15.  Mutation and Nucleotide Substitution in Viruses

16.  Natural Selection and Genetic Drift in Virus Evolution

17.  Intra- and Interhost Diversity and Transmission Bottlenecks

18.  Evolutionary Interactions: Epistasis, Defecting Interfering Particles, and Complementation

19.  The Evolution of Viral Recombination

20.  The RNA Virus Quasispecies

21.  PATTERNS AND PROCESSES OF VIRAL GENOME EVOLUTION

22.  The Evolution of Virus Genome Size

23.  The Evolution of Genome Organization

24.  Lateral Gene Transfer and Modular Evolution

25.  2 Picornaviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

26.  CLASSIFICATION

27.  VIRION STRUCTURE

28.  Physical Properties

29.  Ratio of Particles to Infectious Viruses

30.  High-Resolution Structure of the Virus Particle

31.  Surface of the Virus Particle

32.  Interior of the Virus Particle

33.  Hydrophobic Pocket

34.  Myristate

35.  Neutralizing Antigenic Sites

36.  GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

37.  Genetics

38.  STAGES OF REPLICATION

39.  Attachment

40.  Entry into Cells

41.  Translation of the Viral RNA

42.  Processing of the Viral Polyprotein

43.  Viral RNA Synthesis

44.  ORIGINS OF DIVERSITY

45.  Misincorporation of Nucleotides

46.  Recombination

47.  Codon Usage

48.  ASSEMBLY OF VIRUS PARTICLES

49.  EFFECTS OF VIRAL REPRODUCTION ON THE HOST CELL

50.  Inhibition of 5′ End–Dependent mRNA Translation

51.  Modulation of eIF4F Activity

52.  Stress-Associated RNA Granules

53.  Inhibition of Cellular RNA Synthesis

54.  Inhibition of Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking

55.  Inhibition of Protein Secretion

56.  Metabolic Reprogramming

57.  Cell Death and Virus Release

58.  PERSPECTIVES

59.  3 Enteroviruses: Polioviruses, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, and Newer Enteroviruses

60.  HISTORY

61.  INFECTIOUS AGENTS

62.  Physical and Chemical Properties

63.  Antigenic Characteristics and Taxonomy

64.  Propagation and Assay in Cell Culture

65.  Infection in Experimental Animals: Host Range

66.  Other Human Picornaviruses

67.  PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

68.  Entry into the Host

69.  Site of Primary Replication

70.  Spread in the Host

71.  Cell and Tissue Tropism

72.  Immune Response

73.  Release from Host

74.  Virulence

75.  Persistence

76.  EPIDEMIOLOGY

77.  Demographics

78.  Transmission

79.  Prevalence and Disease Incidence

80.  Molecular Epidemiology

81.  CLINICAL FEATURES

82.  Poliomyelitis

83.  Postpolio Syndrome and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

84.  Acute Flaccid Myelitis

85.  Meningitis and Encephalitis

86.  Cardiac Disease

87.  Muscle Disease Including Pleurodynia

88.  Diabetes

89.  Eye Infections

90.  Respiratory Infections

91.  Herpangina and Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease

92.  Neonate and Infant Disease

93.  DIAGNOSIS

94.  Differential and Presumptive Diagnosis

95.  Laboratory Diagnosis

96.  PREVENTION AND CONTROL

97.  Treatment

98.  Vaccines

99.  Poliovirus Vaccine and Eradication

100.               PERSPECTIVES

101.               4 Caliciviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

102.               HISTORY

103.               CLASSIFICATION

104.               VIRION STRUCTURE

105.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

106.               Viral Proteins

107.               STAGES OF REPLICATION

108.               Replication Strategy

109.               Mechanism of Attachment

110.               Mechanism of Entry and Intracellular Trafficking

111.               Uncoating

112.               Translation

113.               Replication of Genomic Nucleic Acid

114.               Assembly

115.               Release

116.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

117.               Entry into the Host

118.               Site of Primary Replication

119.               Cell and Tissue Tropism

120.               Spread in the Host

121.               Immune Response

122.               Release from Host and Transmission

123.               Virulence

124.               Persistence

125.               EPIDEMIOLOGY

126.               Age

127.               Morbidity and Mortality

128.               Origin and Spread of Epidemics

129.               Prevalence and Seroepidemiology

130.               Genetic Diversity of Virus

131.               CLINICAL FEATURES

132.               DIAGNOSIS

133.               Differential

134.               Laboratory

135.               PREVENTION AND CONTROL

136.               Treatment

137.               Vaccines

138.               Infection Control

139.               PERSPECTIVE

140.               5 Togaviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

141.               CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES WITHIN THE TOGAVIRIDAE FAMILY

142.               VIRION STRUCTURE

143.               Structure of Mature Virion

144.               Structure of Immature Virion

145.               The Structural Proteins of the Virion

146.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

147.               ALPHAVIRUS REPLICATION

148.               Mechanism of Attachment and Receptors

149.               Mechanisms of Entry, Membrane Fusion, and Uncoating

150.               Translation and the Role of Viral-Encoded Replication Proteins

151.               Transcription and Replication of Genomic Nucleic Acid

152.               Assembly of Nucleocapsid Core, Glycoprotein Synthesis, and Processing

153.               Virion Budding

154.               Effects on the Host Cell

155.               Defective Interfering Genomes and Replicon Systems

156.               RUBIVIRUS REPLICATION

157.               Virion Structure and Entry

158.               Transcription, Translation, and Genome Replication

159.               Virus Assembly

160.               PERSPECTIVES

161.               6 Alphaviruses

162.               HISTORY

163.               INFECTIOUS AGENTS

164.               Propagation and Assay in Tissue Culture

165.               Biological Characteristics

166.               Antigenic Composition

167.               Evolution and Phylogeny

168.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY IN VERTEBRATES

169.               Entry

170.               Sites of Primary Replication

171.               Spread

172.               Cell and Tissue Tropism

173.               Immune Responses

174.               Pathological Changes

175.               Release and Transmission

176.               Veterinary Correlates and Animal Models

177.               Virulence

178.               Persistence

179.               Congenital Infection

180.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY IN MOSQUITOES

181.               Entry and Sites of Primary Replication

182.               Spread

183.               Pathology, Persistence, and Host Response

184.               ALPHAVIRUSES ASSOCIATED PRIMARILY WITH ENCEPHALITIS

185.               Eastern Equine Encephalitis

186.               Western Equine Encephalitis

187.               Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

188.               ALPHAVIRUSES ASSOCIATED PRIMARILY WITH RASH AND POLYARTHRITIS

189.               Chikungunya

190.               O’nyong-Nyong

191.               Ross River

192.               Sindbis

193.               Barmah Forest

194.               Mayaro and Una

195.               OTHER ALPHAVIRUSES

196.               Semliki Forest

197.               Other SFV-Related Viruses

198.               Salmonid Alphaviruses

199.               DIAGNOSIS

200.               PREVENTION AND CONTROL

201.               Treatment

202.               Vaccines

203.               Other

204.               PERSPECTIVE

205.               7 Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

206.               INTRODUCTION

207.               Family Classification

208.               Family Characteristics and Replication Cycle

209.               FLAVIVIRUSES

210.               Background and Classification

211.               Structure and Physical Properties of the Virion

212.               Binding and Entry

213.               Genome Structure

214.               Translation and Proteolytic Processing

215.               Features of the Structural Proteins

216.               Features of the Nonstructural Proteins

217.               Ultrastructure and Biogenesis of the Flavivirus Replication Organelle

218.               RNA Replication

219.               Assembly and Release of Particles from Flavivirus-Infected Cells

220.               HEPACIVIRUSES

221.               Background and Classification

222.               Structure and Physical Properties of the Virion

223.               Binding and Entry

224.               Genome Structure

225.               Translation and Proteolytic Processing

226.               Features of the Structural Proteins

227.               Features of the Nonstructural Proteins

228.               Ultrastructure and Biogenesis of the HCV Replication Organelle

229.               RNA Replication

230.               Virus Assembly

231.               PEGIVIRUSES

232.               Background and Classification

233.               Clinical Perspective

234.               Virion Structure and Entry

235.               Genome Structure and Expression

236.               Structural Proteins

237.               Nonstructural Proteins

238.               PESTIVIRUSES

239.               Background and Classification

240.               Structure and Physical Properties of the Virion

241.               Binding and Entry

242.               Genome Structure

243.               Translation and Polyprotein Processing

244.               Npro Autoprotease

245.               Pestivirus Structural Proteins

246.               Pestivirus Nonstructural Proteins

247.               RNA Replication

248.               Assembly and Release of Virus Particles

249.               Pathogenesis of Mucosal Disease and the Generation of cp Pestiviruses

250.               PERSPECTIVES

251.               8 Hepatitis C Virus

252.               HISTORY

253.               INFECTIOUS AGENT

254.               Classification

255.               HCV Particle Morphology

256.               The HCV Replication Cycle

257.               Genetic Diversity and Evolution

258.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

259.               Spread

260.               Entry into the Host

261.               Cell and Tissue Tropism

262.               Immune Response

263.               EPIDEMIOLOGY

264.               Morbidity and Mortality

265.               Prevalence and Seroepidemiology

266.               CLINICAL FEATURES

267.               Acute HCV

268.               Chronic HCV

269.               DIAGNOSIS

270.               Differential Diagnosis

271.               Laboratory

272.               Prevention and Control

273.               PERSPECTIVE

274.               9 Flaviviruses: Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Other Flaviviruses

275.               FLAVIVIRUS EVOLUTION, DIVERSITY, AND DISTRIBUTION

276.               Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution

277.               Global Distribution

278.               FLAVIVIRUS COMPOSITION

279.               Flavivirus Structural Proteins

280.               Flavivirus Assembly and Structure

281.               Subviral Particles

282.               Virion Heterogeneity and Dynamics

283.               CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC SYNDROMES OF THE FLAVIVIRUSES

284.               Dengue Virus

285.               Zika Virus

286.               Yellow Fever Virus

287.               West Nile Virus

288.               Japanese Encephalitis Virus

289.               St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

290.               Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses

291.               PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNITY

292.               Virus Attachment

293.               The Cell Biology of Flavivirus Entry

294.               Flavivirus Tropism

295.               Mechanisms of Dissemination

296.               Mechanisms of Immune Control—Innate Immunity

297.               Humoral Immunity

298.               T-Cell–Mediated Control

299.               Flavivirus Immune Evasion

300.               ANIMAL MODELS OF FLAVIVIRUS PATHOGENESIS AND DISEASE

301.               Dengue Virus

302.               Zika Virus

303.               Yellow Fever Virus

304.               West Nile Virus

305.               FLAVIVIRUS VACCINES

306.               Flavivirus Vaccine Platforms

307.               Yellow Fever Virus

308.               Dengue Virus

309.               Japanese Encephalitis Virus

310.               Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

311.               Zika Virus

312.               West Nile Virus

313.               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

314.               10 Coronaviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

315.               HISTORY

316.               CLASSIFICATION

317.               VIRION STRUCTURE

318.               Virus and Nucleocapsid

319.               Virion Structural Proteins

320.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

321.               Basic and Accessory Genes

322.               Coronavirus Genetics

323.               CORONAVIRUS REPLICATION

324.               Virion Attachment to Host Cells

325.               Viral Entry and Uncoating

326.               Expression of the Replicase–Transcriptase Complex

327.               Viral RNA Synthesis

328.               Assembly and Release of Virions

329.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS

330.               General Principles

331.               Animal Coronavirus Infections

332.               Human Coronavirus Infections

333.               Immune Response and Viral Evasion of the Immune Response

334.               EPIDEMIOLOGY

335.               Human Coronaviruses Other Than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV

336.               Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

337.               Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

338.               Genetic Diversity of Coronaviruses

339.               CLINICAL FEATURES

340.               Human Coronaviruses Other Than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV

341.               SARS-CoV Infections

342.               MERS-CoV Infections

343.               DIAGNOSIS

344.               TREATMENT

345.               PREVENTION

346.               PERSPECTIVES

347.               11 Filoviridae

348.               HISTORY

349.               Marburgviruses

350.               Ebolaviruses

351.               Cuevaviruses

352.               Striaviruses

353.               Thamnoviruses

354.               Dianloviruses

355.               Other Filoviruses

356.               CLASSIFICATION

357.               VIRION STRUCTURE

358.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

359.               Filovirus Genomic Organization

360.               Filovirus Genome Expression Products

361.               Filovirus GP Gene Expression Products

362.               STAGES OF REPLICATION

363.               Filovirion Cell-Surface Attachment and Host Cell Entry

364.               Filovirus Genome Replication and Transcription

365.               Filovirion Assembly and Budding

366.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

367.               Pathogenesis Following Filovirus Host Entry

368.               Filovirus Intrahost Distribution and Pathologic Consequences

369.               Immune Response to Filovirus Infection

370.               Virulence

371.               Persistence

372.               EPIDEMIOLOGY

373.               CLINICAL FEATURES

374.               DIAGNOSIS

375.               Differential Diagnosis

376.               Laboratory Diagnosis

377.               PREVENTION AND CONTROL

378.               Prevention

379.               Treatment

380.               PERSPECTIVE

381.               FOOTNOTE

382.               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

383.               DISCLAIMER

384.               12 Paramyxoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

385.               INTRODUCTION

386.               CLASSIFICATION

387.               THE STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION STRATEGY OF THE PARAMYXOVIRIDAE

388.               VIRION STRUCTURE

389.               THE PARAMYXOVIRIDAE GENOMES AND THEIR ENCODED PROTEINS

390.               The Nucleocapsid Protein

391.               The P Gene and Its Encoded Proteins

392.               The Large Protein

393.               The Matrix Protein

394.               Envelope Glycoproteins

395.               Other Envelope Proteins

396.               STAGES OF REPLICATION

397.               General Aspects

398.               Virus Adsorption and Entry

399.               Viral RNA Synthesis

400.               Genome Replication

401.               Virion Assembly and Release

402.               PARAMYXOVIRUS ACCESSORY GENES AND THEIR INTERFERENCE WITH THE CELLULAR ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE

403.               Antagonists of Interferon Synthesis

404.               Antagonists of Interferon Signaling Pathways

405.               ENGINEERED PARAMYXOVIRUS MINIGENOMES AND RECOMBINANT VIRUSES: REVERSE GENETICS

406.               13 Henipaviruses: Hendra and Nipah Viruses

407.               HISTORY

408.               INFECTIOUS AGENT

409.               Classification

410.               Propagation in Cell Culture and Cytopathic Effect

411.               Virus Morphology

412.               Genome Length and Organization

413.               Virus Proteins and Their Properties

414.               Host Range

415.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

416.               Entry Into the Host

417.               Site of Primary Replication, Virus Spread, and Cell and Tissue Tropism

418.               Immune Response

419.               Release from Host and Transmission

420.               Virulence

421.               Persistence

422.               EPIDEMIOLOGY

423.               Age

424.               Morbidity and Mortality

425.               Origin and Spread of Epidemics

426.               Genetic Diversity

427.               CLINICAL FEATURES

428.               Incubation Period

429.               Acute Clinical Features

430.               Outcome of Infection

431.               DIAGNOSIS

432.               PREVENTION AND CONTROL

433.               Drugs and Small Molecules

434.               Peptide Fusion Inhibitors

435.               Vaccines

436.               Passive Immunization

437.               PERSPECTIVE

438.               14 Orthomyxoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

439.               INTRODUCTION

440.               CLASSIFICATION

441.               VIRION STRUCTURE

442.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

443.               Influenza Viruses

444.               Thogoto Virus

445.               Quaranjavirus

446.               Isavirus (Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus)

447.               STAGES OF VIRAL REPLICATION

448.               Mechanism of Attachment

449.               Mechanism of Entry

450.               Mechanism of Fusion and Uncoating

451.               Influenza Virus Transcription and Replication

452.               Polyadenylation

453.               Splicing

454.               Replication Products: cRNA and vRNA

455.               The Switch from Transcription to Replication

456.               Regulation of Viral Gene Expression

457.               Virus Assembly and Release

458.               Interactions of Influenza Virus with the Host Cell

459.               REVERSE GENETICS

460.               INHIBITORS OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES

461.               PERSPECTIVES

462.               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

463.               15 Orthomyxoviruses

464.               INTRODUCTION

465.               NOMENCLATURE

466.               Seroarcheology

467.               Virus Isolation

468.               Virus Propagation

469.               EVOLUTION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES

470.               Evolutionary Rates of Influenza A Viruses

471.               Host-Specific Lineages, and Geographic Segregation of Influenza A Viruses

472.               Host-Specific Amino Acids

473.               Quasispecies

474.               Evolution in Influenza B and C Viruses

475.               INFLUENZA VIRUS GENETICS

476.               Reassortment

477.               Recombination

478.               Defective Interfering (DI) Viral RNAs and Particles

479.               Reverse Genetics

480.               INFLUENZA IN HUMANS—PAST PANDEMICS

481.               The Pandemic of 1918/1919—Spanish Influenza (H1N1)

482.               The Pandemic of 1957—Asian Influenza (H2N2)

483.               The Pandemic of 1968—Hong Kong Influenza (H3N2)

484.               The Reemergence of H1N1 Viruses in 1977—Russian Influenza

485.               The H1N1 Pandemic in 2009 [A(H1N1)pdm09]

486.               INFLUENZA IN HUMANS—EPIDEMIOLOGY

487.               Antigenic Drift

488.               Antigenic Shift

489.               Transmission Among Humans

490.               Seasonality

491.               Influenza Disease Burden

492.               Surveillance

493.               TRANSMISSION OF AVIAN AND SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES TO HUMANS

494.               Infections of Humans with H5 Viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 Lineage

495.               Infections of Humans with Low and Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Viruses

496.               Infections of Humans with Other Avian Influenza Viruses

497.               Infections of Humans with Swine Influenza Viruses

498.               EPIZOOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS IN ANIMALS

499.               Influenza in Birds

500.               Influenza in Swine

501.               Influenza in Horses

502.               Influenza in Dogs

503.               Influenza in Cats

504.               Influenza in Seals and Whales

505.               Influenza in Mink

506.               Influenza in Bats

507.               Experimental Infections

508.               Molecular Determinants of Host-Range Restriction and Pathogenesis

509.               The HA Protein

510.               The NS1 Protein

511.               The Replication Complex

512.               The PB1-F2 Protein

513.               The NA Protein

514.               CLINICAL FEATURES AND PATHOGENESIS IN HUMANS

515.               Pattern of Virus Shedding

516.               Pathology and Pathophysiology

517.               Clinical Features

518.               Lower Respiratory Tract Complications

519.               Extrapulmonary Manifestations

520.               Toxic Shock Syndrome

521.               Infection During Pregnancy

522.               Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients

523.               Influenza B and C Virus Infections

524.               Innate Immune Responses

525.               Adaptive Immune Responses

526.               DIAGNOSIS

527.               Clinical Diagnosis

528.               Virus Isolation

529.               Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDT)

530.               Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Tests

531.               Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT)

532.               Role of Viral Diagnosis in Clinical Decision-Making

533.               ANTIVIRALS

534.               M2 Ion Channel Inhibitors

535.               Neuraminidase Inhibitors

536.               Polymerase Inhibitors

537.               Combination Therapy

538.               Experimental Antivirals Against Influenza

539.               VACCINES

540.               Currently Available Vaccines

541.               Safety

542.               Immune Responses to Vaccination

543.               Efficacy (Results of Randomized Prospective Studies)

544.               Effectiveness (Results of Observational Studies)

545.               Secondary Protection

546.               Maternal Immunization

547.               Recommendations for Vaccine Use

548.               Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza

549.               Strategies for More Broadly Protective Vaccines

550.               PERSPECTIVES

551.               16 Bunyavirales: The Viruses and Their Replication

552.               INTRODUCTION

553.               HISTORY AND CLASSIFICATION

554.               Hantaviridae Family

555.               Nairoviridae Family

556.               Peribunyaviridae Family

557.               Phenuiviridae Family

558.               Tospoviridae Family

559.               VIRION STRUCTURE

560.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

561.               Viral Genome

562.               Coding Strategies of Viral Genes

563.               STAGES OF REPLICATION

564.               Attachment and Entry

565.               Transcription and Replication

566.               Translation and Processing of Viral Proteins

567.               Morphogenesis

568.               EFFECTS OF VIRAL REPLICATION ON HOST CELLS

569.               Cytopathic Effects

570.               Host-Cell Metabolism

571.               Host-Cell Responses and Viral Suppression

572.               17 Orthohantavirus, Orthonairovirus, Orthobunyavirus and Phlebovirus

573.               INTRODUCTION

574.               HANTAVIRIDAE, GENUS ORTHOHANTAVIRUS

575.               Pathogenesis and Pathology

576.               Clinical Features

577.               Epidemiology and Ecology

578.               Diagnosis

579.               Prevention and Control

580.               NAIROVIRIDAE

581.               Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

582.               PERIBUNYAVIRIDAE, GENUS ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS

583.               Distribution and Significance

584.               Epidemiology

585.               Morbidity/Mortality

586.               Clinical Features

587.               Pathogenesis and Pathology

588.               Diagnosis

589.               Prevention and Control

590.               PHENUIVIRIDAE, GENUS PHLEBOVIRUS

591.               Rift Valley Fever and Sandfly Group

592.               SEVERE FEVER WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA SYNDROME VIRUS GROUP

593.               Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

594.               Heartland Virus

595.               PERSPECTIVES

596.               18 Arenaviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication

597.               HISTORY

598.               CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES WITHIN THE FAMILY ARENAVIRIDAE

599.               VIRION STRUCTURE

600.               GENOME STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION

601.               Arenavirus Genomic Organization

602.               Arenavirus Proteins

603.               STAGES OF REPLICATION

604.               Cell Attachment and Entry

605.               Expression and Replication of the Viral Genome

606.               Assembly and Budding

607.               PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY

608.               Coagulopathy and Vascular Dysfunction

609.               Pathology

610.               Immune Responses

611.               EPIDEMIOLOGY

612.               Lassa Fever

613.               Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

614.               Argentinian Hemorrhagic Fever

615.               Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever

616.               Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever

617.               CLINICAL FEATURES

618.               Lassa Fever and Other Old World Mammarenaviral Diseases

619.               Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

620.               New World Mammarenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers

621.               DIAGNOSIS

622.               Lassa Fever

623.               Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

624.               New World Mammarenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers

625.               PREVENTION AND CONTROL

626.               Medical Management

627.               Antiviral Drugs

628.               Antibody Therapy

629.               Vaccines

630.               PERSPECTIVE

631.               ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

632.               DISCLAIMER

633.               Index

 

An aparitie	9 April 2020
Autor	Peter M. Howley , David M. Knipe
Dimensiuni	15.3 x 3.6 x 22.9 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781975112547
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	1256