Eyelid, Conjunctival, and Orbital Tumors: An Atlas and Textbook

 

Description:

For outstanding visual clarity in ocular diagnosis … nothing else comes close.In this updated and revised third edition, world-renowned authorities from the Wills Eye Hospital provide outstanding guidance on recognition, evaluation, and treatment of ocular tumors, highlighted by more than 3,000 stunning photographs and surgical drawings. This unsurpassed ocular oncology resource is a comprehensive guide to the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and pathology of eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors and pseudotumors, depicting clinical variations,  treatment and histopathologic characteristics of the wide spectrum of neoplasms and related lesions. Now brought thoroughly up to date with recent clinical and scientific innovations, this unique volume offers more high-quality images than any other text/atlas in the field.Presents each entity in an easy-to-follow format: a concise description with references on the left-hand page and six illustrations on the right-hand page.Depicts in precise photographic detail the gross and microscopic features that distinguish each type of lesion, while professional drawings and intraoperative photographs demonstrate key surgical principles and procedures.Includes numerous new references regarding diagnosis and treatment, as well as new scientific tables containing key information for your clinical practice.Features 25% new images, including panoramic images, surgical images, diagnostic testing images from multiple modalities, and updated, high resolution MRI and CT scans.Covers new information on evolving conditions such as IgG4 orbital inflammatory disease, solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit, and lymphoid proliferations of the orbit, conjunctiva, and globe; as well as new methods of nonsurgical therapy such as topical chemotherapy, intravenous chemotherapy, and immunotherapy and biological therapy with Rituxan for lymphoma; and new information on classification of various tumors and expected outcomes are clearly displayed in table format.Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:Complete content with enhanced navigationPowerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the webCross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigationHighlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the textAbility to take and share notes with friends and colleaguesQuick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part 1: Tumors of the Eyelids

Chapter 1: Benign Tumors of the Eyelid Epidermis

Eyelid Squamous Papilloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Eyelid Squamous Papilloma

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Eyelid Seborrheic Keratosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Eyelid Seborrheic Keratosis

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

Figure 1.11

Figure 1.12

Eyelid Seborrheic Keratosis: Clinical Variations

Figure 1.13

Figure 1.14

Figure 1.15

Figure 1.16

Figure 1.17

Figure 1.18

Eyelid Inverted Follicular Keratosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Eyelid Inverted Follicular Keratosis

Figure 1.19

Figure 1.20

Figure 1.21

Figure 1.22

Figure 1.23

Figure 1.24

Eyelid Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia

Figure 1.25

Figure 1.26

Figure 1.27

Figure 1.28

Figure 1.29

Figure 1.30

Eyelid Keratoacanthoma and Nonspecific Keratosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Nonspecific Keratosis

Selected References

Eyelid Keratoacanthoma

Figure 1.31

Figure 1.32

Figure 1.33

Figure 1.34

Figure 1.35

Figure 1.36

Eyelid Keratoacanthoma: Case Description and Management by Excision and Skin Graft

Figure 1.37

Figure 1.38

Figure 1.39

Figure 1.40

Figure 1.41

Figure 1.42

Eyelid Keratoacanthoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation in Young and Elderly Patients

Figure 1.43

Figure 1.44

Figure 1.45

Figure 1.46

Figure 1.47

Figure 1.48

Eyelid Nonspecific Keratosis

Figure 1.49

Figure 1.50

Figure 1.51

Figure 1.52

Figure 1.53

Figure 1.54

Chapter 2: Premalignant and Malignant Tumors of Eyelid Epidermis

Eyelid Actinic Keratosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Eyelid Actinic Keratosis

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Cutaneous Actinic Keratosis: Association with Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.11

Figure 2.12

Radiation Blepharopathy

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Radiation Blepharopathy

Figure 2.13

Figure 2.14

Figure 2.15

Figure 2.16

Figure 2.17

Figure 2.18

Eyelid Xeroderma Pigmentosum

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Figure 2.19

Figure 2.20

Figure 2.21

Figure 2.22

Figure 2.23

Figure 2.24

Sebaceous Nevus

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Sebaceous Nevus: Association with Periocular Involvement

Figure 2.25

Figure 2.26

Figure 2.27

Figure 2.28

Figure 2.29

Figure 2.30

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Pathogenesis

Management

Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

Selected References

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nodular and Noduloulcerative Type

Figure 2.31

Figure 2.32

Figure 2.33

Figure 2.34

Figure 2.35

Figure 2.36

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Morpheaform (Sclerosing) Type

Figure 2.37

Figure 2.38

Figure 2.39

Figure 2.40

Figure 2.41

Figure 2.42

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Variations

Figure 2.43

Figure 2.44

Figure 2.45

Figure 2.46

Figure 2.47

Figure 2.48

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Advanced Cases

Figure 2.49

Figure 2.50

Figure 2.51

Figure 2.52

Figure 2.53

Figure 2.54

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome)

Figure 2.55

Figure 2.56

Figure 2.57

Figure 2.58

Figure 2.59

Figure 2.60

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome) with Multiple Cutaneous Malignancies

Figure 2.61

Figure 2.62

Figure 2.63

Figure 2.64

Figure 2.65

Figure 2.66

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome) with Odontogenic Keratocyst

Figure 2.67

Figure 2.68

Figure 2.69

Figure 2.70

Figure 2.71

Figure 2.72

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Management with Pentagonal Full-Thickness Eyelid Resection and Topical Imiquimod

Figure 2.73

Figure 2.74

Figure 2.75

Figure 2.76

Figure 2.77

Figure 2.78

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Results of Surgical Management

Figure 2.79

Figure 2.80

Figure 2.81

Figure 2.82

Figure 2.83

Figure 2.84

Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Advanced, Neglected Cases Managed by Orbital Exenteration

Figure 2.85

Figure 2.86

Figure 2.87

Figure 2.88

Figure 2.89

Figure 2.90

Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Pathogenesis

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Figure 2.91

Figure 2.92

Figure 2.93

Figure 2.94

Figure 2.95

Figure 2.96

Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diffuse Involvement of Upper Eyelid

Figure 2.97

Figure 2.98

Figure 2.99

Figure 2.100

Figure 2.101

Figure 2.102

Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Aggressive Invasive Tumors

Figure 2.103

Figure 2.104

Figure 2.105

Figure 2.106

Figure 2.107

Figure 2.108

Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Deep Cystic Recurrent Tumor

Figure 2.109

Figure 2.110

Figure 2.111

Figure 2.112

Figure 2.113

Figure 2.114

Chapter 3: Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Tumors

Eyelid Sebaceous Hyperplasia and Adenoma

General Considerations

Muir–Torre Syndrome

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Classification

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Table 3.1: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Meibomian Gland Origin

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Zeis Gland Origin

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Diffuse Neoplasm Masquerading as Inflammation

Figure 3.13

Figure 3.14

Figure 3.15

Figure 3.16

Figure 3.17

Figure 3.18

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Pedunculated Variant

Figure 3.19

Figure 3.20

Figure 3.21

Figure 3.22

Figure 3.23

Figure 3.24

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Clinical Variations and Histopathology

Figure 3.25

Figure 3.26

Figure 3.27

Figure 3.28

Figure 3.29

Figure 3.30

Eyelid Sebaceous Tumors: Association with Muir–Torre Syndrome

Figure 3.31

Figure 3.32

Figure 3.33

Figure 3.34

Figure 3.35

Figure 3.36

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Diffuse Neoplasm

Figure 3.37

Figure 3.38

Figure 3.39

Figure 3.40

Figure 3.41

Figure 3.42

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Aggressive Clinical Course

Figure 3.43

Figure 3.44

Figure 3.45

Figure 3.46

Figure 3.47

Figure 3.48

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Pentagonal Full-Thickness Eyelid Resection

Figure 3.49

Figure 3.50

Figure 3.51

Figure 3.52

Figure 3.53

Figure 3.54

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Pentagonal Resection and Semicircular Flap Reconstruction

Figure 3.55

Figure 3.56

Figure 3.57

Figure 3.58

Figure 3.59

Figure 3.60

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Large Tumor and Rotational Forehead Flap

Figure 3.61

Figure 3.62

Figure 3.63

Figure 3.64

Figure 3.65

Figure 3.66

Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Posterior Lamellar Eyelid Resection and Reconstruction

Figure 3.67

Figure 3.68

Figure 3.69

Figure 3.70

Figure 3.71

Figure 3.72

Chapter 4: Eyelid Sweat Gland Tumors

Eyelid Syringoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Syringoma

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Eyelid Eccrine Acrospiroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eccrine Acrospiroma

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.11

Figure 4.12

Eyelid Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum

Figure 4.13

Figure 4.14

Figure 4.15

Figure 4.16

Figure 4.17

Figure 4.18

Eyelid Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)

Figure 4.19

Figure 4.20

Figure 4.21

Figure 4.22

Figure 4.23

Figure 4.24

Eyelid Sweat Gland Adenocarcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Mucinous Sweat Gland Adenocarcinoma

Figure 4.25

Figure 4.26

Figure 4.27

Figure 4.28

Figure 4.29

Figure 4.30

Eyelid Sweat Gland Carcinoma

Figure 4.31

Figure 4.32

Figure 4.33

Figure 4.34

Figure 4.35

Figure 4.36

Chapter 5: Eyelid Hair Follicle Tumors

Eyelid Trichoepithelioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid and Facial Trichoepithelioma

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Figure 5.5

Figure 5.6

Eyelid Trichofolliculoma and Trichoadenoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Trichoadenoma

Selected References

Eyelid Trichofolliculoma and Trichoadenoma

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

Figure 5.9

Figure 5.10

Figure 5.11

Figure 5.12

Eyelid Trichilemmoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Cowden’s Disease

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Trichilemmoma, Trichilemmal Carcinoma, and Cowden’s Syndrome

Figure 5.13

Figure 5.14

Figure 5.15

Figure 5.16

Figure 5.17

Figure 5.18

Eyelid Pilomatrixoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Pilomatrixoma in Adults

Figure 5.19

Figure 5.20

Figure 5.21

Figure 5.22

Figure 5.23

Figure 5.24

Eyelid Pilomatrixoma in Children: Surgical Excision

Figure 5.25

Figure 5.26

Figure 5.27

Figure 5.28

Figure 5.29

Figure 5.30

Eyelid Pilomatrixoma: Surgical Excision and Histopathology

Figure 5.31

Figure 5.32

Figure 5.33

Figure 5.34

Figure 5.35

Figure 5.36

Chapter 6: Eyelid Melanocytic Tumors

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Pigmented Types

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

Figure 6.6

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Age and Race Variations

Figure 6.7

Figure 6.8

Figure 6.9

Figure 6.10

Figure 6.11

Figure 6.12

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Nonpigmented Types

Figure 6.13

Figure 6.14

Figure 6.15

Figure 6.16

Figure 6.17

Figure 6.18

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Clinical Variations of Nonpigmented Type

Figure 6.19

Figure 6.20

Figure 6.21

Figure 6.22

Figure 6.23

Figure 6.24

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Excision Technique and Pathology of Small Lesions

Figure 6.25

Figure 6.26

Figure 6.27

Figure 6.28

Figure 6.29

Figure 6.30

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Congenital Divided (“Kissing”) Nevus

Figure 6.31

Figure 6.32

Figure 6.33

Figure 6.34

Figure 6.35

Figure 6.36

Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Large Congenital Periocular Type

Figure 6.37

Figure 6.38

Figure 6.39

Figure 6.40

Figure 6.41

Figure 6.42

Oculodermal Melanocytosis (Nevus of OTA)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Ocular Melanocytosis: Clinical Features

Figure 6.43

Figure 6.44

Figure 6.45

Figure 6.46

Figure 6.47

Figure 6.48

Congenital Oculodermal Melanocytosis: Spectrum of Pigmentation

Figure 6.49

Figure 6.50

Figure 6.51

Figure 6.52

Figure 6.53

Figure 6.54

Eyelid Lentigo Maligna (Melanotic Freckle of Hutchinson)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Lentigo Maligna (Melanotic Freckle of Hutchinson)

Figure 6.55

Figure 6.56

Figure 6.57

Figure 6.58

Figure 6.59

Figure 6.60

Eyelid Lentigo Maligna: Surgical Excision

Figure 6.61

Figure 6.62

Figure 6.63

Figure 6.64

Figure 6.65

Figure 6.66

Eyelid Lentigo Maligna: Melanoma

Figure 6.67

Figure 6.68

Figure 6.69

Figure 6.70

Figure 6.71

Figure 6.72

Eyelid Blue Nevus

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Cellular Blue Nevus: Giving Rise to Orbital Melanoma

Figure 6.73

Figure 6.74

Figure 6.75

Figure 6.76

Figure 6.77

Figure 6.78

Eyelid Cellular Blue Nevus: Association with Orbital and Brain Melanoma

Figure 6.79

Figure 6.80

Figure 6.81

Figure 6.82

Figure 6.83

Figure 6.84

Figure 6.85

Figure 6.86

Figure 6.87

Figure 6.88

Figure 6.89

Figure 6.90

Eyelid Primary Malignant Melanoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Primary Malignant Melanoma of Eyelid

Figure 6.91

Figure 6.92

Figure 6.93

Figure 6.94

Figure 6.95

Figure 6.96

Primary Eyelid Melanoma: Pigmented and Nonpigmented Varieties

Figure 6.97

Figure 6.98

Figure 6.99

Figure 6.100

Figure 6.101

Figure 6.102

Primary Eyelid Melanoma: Surgical Excision

Figure 6.103

Figure 6.104

Figure 6.105

Figure 6.106

Figure 6.107

Figure 6.108

Chapter 7: Neural Tumors of the Eyelid

Eyelid Neurofibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Neurofibroma: Localized and Plexiform Types

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2

Figure 7.3

Figure 7.4

Figure 7.5

Figure 7.6

Eyelid Neurofibroma: Plexiform Type

Figure 7.7

Figure 7.8

Figure 7.9

Figure 7.10

Figure 7.11

Figure 7.12

Eyelid Schwannoma (Neurilemoma) and Neurothekeoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Schwannoma and Neurothekeoma

Figure 7.13

Figure 7.14

Figure 7.15

Figure 7.16

Figure 7.17

Figure 7.18

Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Classification

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)

Figure 7.19

Figure 7.20

Figure 7.21

Figure 7.22

Figure 7.23

Figure 7.24

Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Management and Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 7.25

Figure 7.26

Figure 7.27

Figure 7.28

Figure 7.29

Figure 7.30

Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Appearance and Surgical Technique

Figure 7.31

Figure 7.32

Figure 7.33

Figure 7.34

Figure 7.35

Figure 7.36

Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Pathology

Figure 7.37

Figure 7.38

Figure 7.39

Figure 7.40

Figure 7.41

Figure 7.42

Chapter 8: Vascular Tumors of the Eyelids

Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma (Strawberry Hemangioma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Complications

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Superficial Type

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.5

Figure 8.6

Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Deep Type

Figure 8.7

Figure 8.8

Figure 8.9

Figure 8.10

Figure 8.11

Figure 8.12

Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Regression of Superficial Type

Figure 8.13

Figure 8.14

Figure 8.15

Figure 8.16

Figure 8.17

Figure 8.18

Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Regression of Deep Type

Figure 8.19

Figure 8.20

Figure 8.21

Figure 8.22

Figure 8.23

Figure 8.24

Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Surgical Removal

Figure 8.25

Figure 8.26

Figure 8.27

Figure 8.28

Figure 8.29

Figure 8.30

Eyelid Acquired Hemangioma (Cherry Hemangioma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Acquired Capillary Hemangioma

Figure 8.31

Figure 8.32

Figure 8.33

Figure 8.34

Figure 8.35

Figure 8.36

Eyelid Nevus Flammeus (Port Wine Hemangioma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Cytogenetics

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Nevus Flammeus (Port Wine Hemangioma)

Figure 8.37

Figure 8.38

Figure 8.39

Figure 8.40

Figure 8.41

Figure 8.42

Eyelid Nevus Flammeus: Clinical Variations and Follow-Up

Figure 8.43

Figure 8.44

Figure 8.45

Figure 8.46

Figure 8.47

Figure 8.48

Eyelid Nevus Flammeus: Association with Sturge–Weber Syndrome

Figure 8.49

Figure 8.50

Figure 8.51

Figure 8.52

Figure 8.53

Figure 8.54

Eyelid Varix

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Varix

Figure 8.55

Figure 8.56

Figure 8.57

Figure 8.58

Figure 8.59

Figure 8.60

Eyelid Lymphangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Lymphangioma

Figure 8.61

Figure 8.62

Figure 8.63

Figure 8.64

Figure 8.65

Figure 8.66

Eyelid Glomus Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Glomus Tumor

Figure 8.67

Figure 8.68

Figure 8.69

Figure 8.70

Figure 8.71

Figure 8.72

Eyelid Kaposi’s Sarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Nonimmunosuppressed Patient

Figure 8.73

Figure 8.74

Figure 8.75

Figure 8.76

Figure 8.77

Figure 8.78

Eyelid Kaposi’s Sarcoma in Immunosuppressed Patients

Figure 8.79

Figure 8.80

Figure 8.81

Figure 8.82

Figure 8.83

Figure 8.84

Eyelid Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Treatment with Radiotherapy

Figure 8.85

Figure 8.86

Figure 8.87

Figure 8.88

Figure 8.89

Figure 8.90

Eyelid Angiosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Angiosarcoma: Clinical Variations

Figure 8.91

Figure 8.92

Figure 8.93

Figure 8.94

Figure 8.95

Figure 8.96

Chapter 9: Eyelid Lymphoid, Plasmacytic, and Metastatic Tumors

Eyelid Lymphoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Involvement: B-Cell Lymphoma

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 9.3

Figure 9.4

Figure 9.5

Figure 9.6

Figure 9.7

Figure 9.8

Figure 9.9

Figure 9.10

Figure 9.11

Figure 9.12

Eyelid Involvement by Lymphoma: Advanced Cases

Figure 9.13

Figure 9.14

Figure 9.15

Figure 9.16

Figure 9.17

Figure 9.18

Eyelid Involvement: T-Cell Lymphoma

Figure 9.19

Figure 9.20

Figure 9.21

Figure 9.22

Figure 9.23

Figure 9.24

Eyelid Plasmacytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 9.25

Figure 9.26

Figure 9.27

Figure 9.28

Figure 9.29

Figure 9.30

Metastatic Neoplasms to the Eyelids

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Metastatic Tumors

Figure 9.31

Figure 9.32

Figure 9.33

Figure 9.34

Figure 9.35

Figure 9.36

Figure 9.37

Figure 9.38

Figure 9.39

Figure 9.40

Figure 9.41

Figure 9.42

Eyelid Metastatic Tumors from Choroidal Melanoma

Figure 9.43

Figure 9.44

Figure 9.45

Figure 9.46

Figure 9.47

Figure 9.48

Chapter 10: Eyelid Histiocytic, Myxoid, and Fibrous Lesions

Eyelid Histiocytic, Myxoid, and Fibrous Lesions

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Xanthelasma

Figure 10.1

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.3

Figure 10.4

Figure 10.5

Figure 10.6

Eyelid Xanthelasma: Association with Systemic Conditions

Figure 10.7

Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9

Figure 10.10

Figure 10.11

Figure 10.12

Eyelid Xanthogranuloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Figure 10.13

Figure 10.14

Figure 10.15

Figure 10.16

Figure 10.17

Figure 10.18

Eyelid Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia

Figure 10.19

Figure 10.20

Figure 10.21

Figure 10.22

Figure 10.23

Figure 10.24

Eyelid Angiofibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid and Facial Angiofibroma with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Figure 10.25

Figure 10.26

Figure 10.27

Figure 10.28

Figure 10.29

Figure 10.30

Eyelid Nodular Fasciitis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Nodular Fasciitis

Figure 10.31

Figure 10.32

Figure 10.33

Figure 10.34

Figure 10.35

Figure 10.36

Eyelid Nodular Fasciitis: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 10.37

Figure 10.38

Figure 10.39

Figure 10.40

Figure 10.41

Figure 10.42

Eyelid Miscellaneous Fibrous and Myxomatous Tumors

Juvenile Fibromatosis

Fibrous Histiocytoma

Fibrosarcoma

Myxoma

Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis

Selected References

Eyelid Juvenile Fibromatosis, Fibrous Histiocytoma, and Fibrosarcoma

Figure 10.43

Figure 10.44

Figure 10.45

Figure 10.46

Figure 10.47

Figure 10.48

Eyelid Myxoma and Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis

Figure 10.49

Figure 10.50

Figure 10.51

Figure 10.52

Figure 10.53

Figure 10.54

Chapter 11: Eyelid Cystic Lesions Simulating Neoplasms

Eyelid Eccrine Hidrocystoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Eccrine Hidrocystoma

Figure 11.1

Figure 11.2

Figure 11.3

Figure 11.4

Figure 11.5

Figure 11.6

Eyelid Apocrine Hidrocystoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge Syndrome

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Apocrine Hidrocystoma

Figure 11.7

Figure 11.8

Figure 11.9

Figure 11.10

Figure 11.11

Figure 11.12

Eyelid Sebaceous Cyst (Pilar Cyst)

Sebaceous Cyst

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Sebaceous Cyst

Figure 11.13

Figure 11.14

Figure 11.15

Figure 11.16

Figure 11.17

Figure 11.18

Eyelid Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

Figure 11.19

Figure 11.20

Figure 11.21

Figure 11.22

Figure 11.23

Figure 11.24

Eyelid Dermoid Cyst

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid/Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 11.25

Figure 11.26

Figure 11.27

Figure 11.28

Figure 11.29

Figure 11.30

Chapter 12: Eyelid Inflammatory Lesions Simulating Neoplasms

Eyelid Molluscum Contagiosum Infection

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Molluscum Contagiosum Infection

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2

Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4

Figure 12.5

Figure 12.6

Eyelid Chalazion

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Chalazion

Figure 12.7

Figure 12.8

Figure 12.9

Figure 12.10

Figure 12.11

Figure 12.12

Eyelid Chalazion: Clinical Variations

Figure 12.13

Figure 12.14

Figure 12.15

Figure 12.16

Figure 12.17

Figure 12.18

Miscellaneous Granulomatous Diseases

Eyelid Sarcoidosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Pseudorheumatoid Nodule (Granuloma Annulare)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Granulomas: Sarcoidosis, Pseudorheumatoid Nodule, and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)

Figure 12.19

Figure 12.20

Figure 12.21

Figure 12.22

Figure 12.23

Figure 12.24

Eyelid Mycotic Infections

Eyelid Blastomycosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Coccidioidomycosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Mucormycosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Mycotic Infections: Coccidioidomycosis and Mucormycosis

Figure 12.25

Figure 12.26

Figure 12.27

Figure 12.28

Figure 12.29

Figure 12.30

Eyelid Bacterial Infections

Eyelid Abscess

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Necrotizing Fasciitis Involving Eyelid

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Bacterial Infections: Abscess and Necrotizing Fasciitis

Figure 12.31

Figure 12.32

Figure 12.33

Figure 12.34

Figure 12.35

Figure 12.36

Chapter 13: Eyelid Miscellaneous Conditions Simulating Neoplasms

Eyelid Amyloidosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Amyloidosis

Figure 13.1

Figure 13.2

Figure 13.3

Figure 13.4

Figure 13.5

Figure 13.6

Eyelid Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach–Wiethe Disease)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach–Wiethe Disease)

Figure 13.7

Figure 13.8

Figure 13.9

Figure 13.10

Figure 13.11

Figure 13.12

Miscellaneous Other Pseudoneoplastic Eyelid Lesions

Eyelid Granular Cell Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Malakoplakia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Subepidermal Calcified Nodule

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Miscellaneous Eyelid Lesions: Granular Cell Tumor, Malakoplakia, and Subepidermal Calcified Nodule

Figure 13.13

Figure 13.14

Figure 13.15

Figure 13.16

Figure 13.17

Figure 13.18

Eyelid Phakomatous Choristoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Eyelid Phakomatous Choristoma

Figure 13.19

Figure 13.20

Figure 13.21

Figure 13.22

Figure 13.23

Figure 13.24

Chapter 14: Tumors of the Lacrimal Drainage System

Lacrimal Drainage System Tumors

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Lacrimal Sac Squamous Papilloma and Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Lacrimal Sac Squamous Cell Papilloma and Carcinoma

Figure 14.1

Figure 14.2

Figure 14.3

Figure 14.4

Figure 14.5

Figure 14.6

Lacrimal Sac Melanoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Lacrimal Sac Melanoma

Figure 14.7

Figure 14.8

Figure 14.9

Figure 14.10

Figure 14.11

Figure 14.12

Lacrimal Sac: Miscellaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors

Selected References

Miscellaneous Lacrimal Sac Tumors: Leiomyoma, Fibrous Histiocytoma, and Lymphoma

Figure 14.13

Figure 14.14

Figure 14.15

Figure 14.16

Figure 14.17

Figure 14.18

Lacrimal Sac Inflammations and Infections

Figure 14.19

Figure 14.20

Figure 14.21

Figure 14.22

Figure 14.23

Figure 14.24

Chapter 15: Surgical Management of Eyelid Tumors

Surgical Management of Eyelid Tumors

Selected References

Punch Biopsy, Excisional Shave Biopsy, and Elliptical Excision with Skin Graft

Figure 15.1

Figure 15.2

Figure 15.3

Figure 15.4

Figure 15.5

Figure 15.6

Elliptical Excision of Eyelid Tumor

Figure 15.7

Figure 15.8

Figure 15.9

Figure 15.10

Figure 15.11

Figure 15.12

Pentagonal Full-Thickness Excision of Eyelid Tumor with Semicircular Flap Reconstruction

Figure 15.13

Figure 15.14

Figure 15.15

Figure 15.16

Figure 15.17

Figure 15.18

Pentagonal Full-Thickness Excision of Eyelid Tumor with Primary Closure

Figure 15.19

Figure 15.20

Figure 15.21

Figure 15.22

Figure 15.23

Figure 15.24

Part 2: Tumors of the Conjunctiva

Chapter 16: Conjunctival and Epibulbar Choristomas

Conjunctival Dermoid

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Dermoid

Figure 16.1

Figure 16.2

Figure 16.3

Figure 16.4

Figure 16.5

Figure 16.6

Conjunctival and Corneal Dermoids

Figure 16.7

Figure 16.8

Figure 16.9

Figure 16.10

Figure 16.11

Figure 16.12

Conjunctival and Corneal Dermoids: Atypical Variations

Figure 16.13

Figure 16.14

Figure 16.15

Figure 16.16

Figure 16.17

Figure 16.18

Conjunctival/Orbital Dermolipoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Dermolipoma

Figure 16.19

Figure 16.20

Figure 16.21

Figure 16.22

Figure 16.23

Figure 16.24

Conjunctival Dermoids and Dermolipomas: Bilobed and Pedunculated Variants

Figure 16.25

Figure 16.26

Figure 16.27

Figure 16.28

Figure 16.29

Figure 16.30

Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma

Figure 16.31

Figure 16.32

Figure 16.33

Figure 16.34

Figure 16.35

Figure 16.36

Lacrimal Gland and Respiratory Choristomas of Conjunctiva

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Lacrimal Gland and Respiratory Choristomas of Conjunctiva

Figure 16.37

Figure 16.38

Figure 16.39

Figure 16.40

Figure 16.41

Figure 16.42

Conjunctival Complex Choristoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Epibulbar Complex Choristoma: Association with Organoid Nevus Syndrome

Figure 16.43

Figure 16.44

Figure 16.45

Figure 16.46

Figure 16.47

Figure 16.48

Figure 16.49

Figure 16.50

Figure 16.51

Figure 16.52

Figure 16.53

Figure 16.54

Chapter 17: Conjunctival Benign Epithelial Tumors

Conjunctival Papilloma of Childhood

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Childhood Conjunctival Papilloma

Figure 17.1

Figure 17.2

Figure 17.3

Figure 17.4

Figure 17.5

Figure 17.6

Conjunctival Papilloma of Childhood: Management with Oral Cimetidine

Figure 17.7

Figure 17.8

Figure 17.9

Figure 17.10

Figure 17.11

Figure 17.12

Conjunctival Papilloma of Adulthood

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Adult Conjunctival Papilloma

Figure 17.13

Figure 17.14

Figure 17.15

Figure 17.16

Figure 17.17

Figure 17.18

Adult Conjunctival Papilloma: Atypical Variations

Figure 17.19

Figure 17.20

Figure 17.21

Figure 17.22

Figure 17.23

Figure 17.24

Conjunctival Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Keratoacanthoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Keratoacanthoma

Figure 17.25

Figure 17.26

Figure 17.27

Figure 17.28

Figure 17.29

Figure 17.30

Conjunctival Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis

Figure 17.31

Figure 17.32

Figure 17.33

Figure 17.34

Figure 17.35

Figure 17.36

Conjunctival Dacryoadenoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected Reference

Conjunctival Dacryoadenoma

Figure 17.37

Figure 17.38

Figure 17.39

Figure 17.40

Figure 17.41

Figure 17.42

Chapter 18: Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of the Conjunctival Epithelium

Conjunctival Keratotic Plaque and Actinic Keratosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Keratotic Plaque and Actinic Keratosis

Figure 18.1

Figure 18.2

Figure 18.3

Figure 18.4

Figure 18.5

Figure 18.6

Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Fleshy and Papillomatous Configurations

Figure 18.7

Figure 18.8

Figure 18.9

Figure 18.10

Figure 18.11

Figure 18.12

Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Cin): Leukoplakia

Figure 18.13

Figure 18.14

Figure 18.15

Figure 18.16

Figure 18.17

Figure 18.18

Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Various Clinical Locations at Limbus

Figure 18.19

Figure 18.20

Figure 18.21

Figure 18.22

Figure 18.23

Figure 18.24

Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Superficial Corneal Invasion

Figure 18.25

Figure 18.26

Figure 18.27

Figure 18.28

Figure 18.29

Figure 18.30

Conjunctival Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Pathology

Classification

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Table 18.1: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Sunlight Exposure

Figure 18.31

Figure 18.32

Figure 18.33

Figure 18.34

Figure 18.35

Figure 18.36

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Early Invasive Type

Figure 18.37

Figure 18.38

Figure 18.39

Figure 18.40

Figure 18.41

Figure 18.42

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Advanced Invasive Type

Figure 18.43

Figure 18.44

Figure 18.45

Figure 18.46

Figure 18.47

Figure 18.48

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Involvement Of Tarsal Conjunctiva

Figure 18.49

Figure 18.50

Figure 18.51

Figure 18.52

Figure 18.53

Figure 18.54

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Extensive Papillomatous Corneal Involvement

Figure 18.55

Figure 18.56

Figure 18.57

Figure 18.58

Figure 18.59

Figure 18.60

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Atypical Variations

Figure 18.61

Figure 18.62

Figure 18.63

Figure 18.64

Figure 18.65

Figure 18.66

Conjunctival Spindle Cell Carcinoma: En Bloc Eye Wall Resection

Figure 18.67

Figure 18.68

Figure 18.69

Figure 18.70

Figure 18.71

Figure 18.72

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Orbital Invasion

Figure 18.73

Figure 18.74

Figure 18.75

Figure 18.76

Figure 18.77

Figure 18.78

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Intraocular Invasion

Figure 18.79

Figure 18.80

Figure 18.81

Figure 18.82

Figure 18.83

Figure 18.84

Conjunctival Mucoepidermoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Intraocular Invasion

Figure 18.85

Figure 18.86

Figure 18.87

Figure 18.88

Figure 18.89

Figure 18.90

Chapter 19: Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Pigmented Type

Figure 19.1

Figure 19.2

Figure 19.3

Figure 19.4

Figure 19.5

Figure 19.6

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Nonpigmented Type

Figure 19.7

Figure 19.8

Figure 19.9

Figure 19.10

Figure 19.11

Figure 19.12

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Partially Pigmented Type

Figure 19.13

Figure 19.14

Figure 19.15

Figure 19.16

Figure 19.17

Figure 19.18

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Clinical Variations

Figure 19.19

Figure 19.20

Figure 19.21

Figure 19.22

Figure 19.23

Figure 19.24

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Extralimbal Location

Figure 19.25

Figure 19.26

Figure 19.27

Figure 19.28

Figure 19.29

Figure 19.30

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Atypical Cases with Prominent Cysts and Large Size (Giant Nevus)

Figure 19.31

Figure 19.32

Figure 19.33

Figure 19.34

Figure 19.35

Figure 19.36

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Blue Nevus Variant

Figure 19.37

Figure 19.38

Figure 19.39

Figure 19.40

Figure 19.41

Figure 19.42

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Giant Type

Figure 19.43

Figure 19.44

Figure 19.45

Figure 19.46

Figure 19.47

Figure 19.48

Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus in Non-Caucasians

Figure 19.49

Figure 19.50

Figure 19.51

Figure 19.52

Figure 19.53

Figure 19.54

Ocular Melanocytosis: Scleral and Episcleral Pigment

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Scleral Involvement with Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis

Figure 19.55

Figure 19.56

Figure 19.57

Figure 19.58

Figure 19.59

Figure 19.60

Complexion-Related Conjunctival Pigmentation (Complexion-Associated Melanosis, Racial Melanosis)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Complexion-Related Conjunctival Pigmentation (“Racial Melanosis”)

Figure 19.61

Figure 19.62

Figure 19.63

Figure 19.64

Figure 19.65

Figure 19.66

Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 19.1: Differential diagnosis of pigmented conjunctival and epibulbar lesions

Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Mild Involvement

Figure 19.67

Figure 19.68

Figure 19.69

Figure 19.70

Figure 19.71

Figure 19.72

Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Severe Atypia

Figure 19.73

Figure 19.74

Figure 19.75

Figure 19.76

Figure 19.77

Figure 19.78

Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Development of Early Melanoma

Figure 19.79

Figure 19.80

Figure 19.81

Figure 19.82

Figure 19.83

Figure 19.84

Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Development of Obvious Melanoma

Figure 19.85

Figure 19.86

Figure 19.87

Figure 19.88

Figure 19.89

Figure 19.90

Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Table 19.2: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of conjunctival melanoma

Conjunctival Melanoma: Evolution from Primary Acquired Melanosis

Figure 19.91

Figure 19.92

Figure 19.93

Figure 19.94

Figure 19.95

Figure 19.96

Figure 19.97

Figure 19.98

Figure 19.99

Figure 19.100

Figure 19.101

Figure 19.102

Conjunctival Melanoma in Non-Caucasians

Figure 19.103

Figure 19.104

Figure 19.105

Figure 19.106

Figure 19.107

Figure 19.108

Conjunctival Melanoma: Tumors Possibly Arising De Novo

Figure 19.109

Figure 19.110

Figure 19.111

Figure 19.112

Figure 19.113

Figure 19.114

Conjunctival Melanoma: Presumably Arising from Nevus and De Novo

Figure 19.115

Figure 19.116

Figure 19.117

Figure 19.118

Figure 19.119

Figure 19.120

Conjunctival Melanoma: Amelanotic Variations

Figure 19.121

Figure 19.122

Figure 19.123

Figure 19.124

Figure 19.125

Figure 19.126

Conjunctival Melanoma: Alcohol Epitheliectomy, Surgical Resection, and Cryotherapy. Results of Treatment

Figure 19.127

Figure 19.128

Figure 19.129

Figure 19.130

Figure 19.131

Figure 19.132

Conjunctival Melanoma: Diffuse Tumors before and after Treatment

Figure 19.133

Figure 19.134

Figure 19.135

Figure 19.136

Figure 19.137

Figure 19.138

Conjunctival Melanoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation of Tumor with Scleral Invasion

Figure 19.139

Figure 19.140

Figure 19.141

Figure 19.142

Figure 19.143

Figure 19.144

Conjunctival Melanoma: Localization for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Figure 19.145

Figure 19.146

Figure 19.147

Figure 19.148

Figure 19.149

Figure 19.150

Conjunctival Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Advanced, Recurrent Tumor

Figure 19.151

Figure 19.152

Figure 19.153

Figure 19.154

Figure 19.155

Figure 19.156

Conjunctival Melanoma: Orbital Exenteration

Figure 19.157

Figure 19.158

Figure 19.159

Figure 19.160

Figure 19.161

Figure 19.162

Conjunctival Melanoma: Metastasis to Preauricular Lymph Nodes and Brain

Figure 19.163

Figure 19.164

Figure 19.165

Figure 19.166

Figure 19.167

Figure 19.168

Chapter 20: Vascular Tumors and Related Lesions of the Conjunctiva

Conjunctival Pyogenic Granuloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Pyogenic Granuloma: Primary (Idiopathic) Type

Figure 20.1

Figure 20.2

Figure 20.3

Figure 20.4

Figure 20.5

Figure 20.6

Secondary Conjunctival Pyogenic Granuloma: Treatment with Plaque Radiotherapy

Figure 20.7

Figure 20.8

Figure 20.9

Figure 20.10

Figure 20.11

Figure 20.12

Conjunctival Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma

Figure 20.13

Figure 20.14

Figure 20.15

Figure 20.16

Figure 20.17

Figure 20.18

Conjunctival Lymphangioma

Figure 20.19

Figure 20.20

Figure 20.21

Figure 20.22

Figure 20.23

Figure 20.24

Miscellaneous Vascular Lesions of the Conjunctiva: Varix, Cavernous Hemangioma, Macrovessels, Sentinel Vessels, and Acquired Sessile Hemangioma

Conjunctival Varix

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Cavernous Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Macrovessels and Episcleral Sentinel Vessels

Selected References

Conjunctival Varix, Cavernous Hemangioma, Macrovessels, and Sentinel Vessels

Figure 20.25

Figure 20.26

Figure 20.27

Figure 20.28

Figure 20.29

Figure 20.30

Conjunctival Acquired Sessile Hemangioma and Capillary Hemangioma

Acquired Sessile Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Capillary Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Congenital Capillary Hemangioma, Acquired Sessile Hemangioma, and Varix

Figure 20.31

Figure 20.32

Figure 20.33

Figure 20.34

Figure 20.35

Figure 20.36

Conjunctival Hemangiopericytoma And Glomangioma (Glomus Tumor)

Conjunctival Hemangiopericytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Glomangioma (Glomus Tumor)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Hemangiopericytoma and Glomangioma

Figure 20.37

Figure 20.38

Figure 20.39

Figure 20.40

Figure 20.41

Figure 20.42

Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma in Patients with AIDS and Immunocompetent Patients

Figure 20.43

Figure 20.44

Figure 20.45

Figure 20.46

Figure 20.47

Figure 20.48

Chapter 21: Conjunctival Neural, Xanthomatous, Fibrous, Myxomatous, and Lipomatous Tumors

Conjunctival Neuroma and Neurofibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Neurofibroma

Figure 21.1

Figure 21.2

Figure 21.3

Figure 21.4

Figure 21.5

Figure 21.6

Conjunctival Schwannoma and Granular Cell Tumor: Conjunctival Schwannoma

Conjunctival Schwannoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Granular Cell Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Schwannoma and Granular Cell Tumor

Figure 21.7

Figure 21.8

Figure 21.9

Figure 21.10

Figure 21.11

Figure 21.12

Conjunctival Fibrous Histiocytoma: General Considerations

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Fibrous Histiocytoma

Figure 21.13

Figure 21.14

Figure 21.15

Figure 21.16

Figure 21.17

Figure 21.18

Conjunctival Miscellaneous Lesions: Fibroma, Nodular Fasciitis, and Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Conjunctival Fibroma

Conjunctival Fibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Nodular Fasciitis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Nodular Fasciitis and Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Figure 21.19

Figure 21.20

Figure 21.21

Figure 21.22

Figure 21.23

Figure 21.24

Conjunctival Miscellaneous Lesions: Myxoma, Lipoma, and Reticulohistiocytoma: Conjunctival Myxoma

Conjunctival Myxoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Carney Complex

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Lipoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Conjunctival Reticulohistiocytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Myxoma, Lipoma, and Reticulohistiocytoma

Figure 21.25

Figure 21.26

Figure 21.27

Figure 21.28

Figure 21.29

Figure 21.30

Chapter 22: Conjunctival Lymphoid, Leukemic, and Metastatic Tumors

Conjunctival Lymphoid and Plasmacytic Tumors

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 22.1: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of ocular adnexal lymphoma

Conjunctival Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia

Figure 22.1

Figure 22.2

Figure 22.3

Figure 22.4

Figure 22.5

Figure 22.6

Conjunctival Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Figure 22.7

Figure 22.8

Figure 22.9

Figure 22.10

Figure 22.11

Figure 22.12

Conjunctival Lymphoma: Atypical Forms and Response to Radiotherapy

Figure 22.13

Figure 22.14

Figure 22.15

Figure 22.16

Figure 22.17

Figure 22.18

Conjunctival Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Figure 22.19

Figure 22.20

Figure 22.21

Figure 22.22

Figure 22.23

Figure 22.24

Conjunctival Leukemia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Leukemic Infiltrate

Figure 22.25

Figure 22.26

Figure 22.27

Figure 22.28

Figure 22.29

Figure 22.30

Conjunctival Metastatic Tumors

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Metastasis

Figure 22.31

Figure 22.32

Figure 22.33

Figure 22.34

Figure 22.35

Figure 22.36

Conjunctival Metastasis from Cutaneous Melanoma

Figure 22.37

Figure 22.38

Figure 22.39

Figure 22.40

Figure 22.41

Figure 22.42

Chapter 23: Caruncular Tumors

Caruncular Tumors

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 23.1: Types of tumors in the caruncle in a series of 93 cases

Caruncular Papilloma

Figure 23.1

Figure 23.2

Figure 23.3

Figure 23.4

Figure 23.5

Figure 23.6

Caruncular Nevus

Figure 23.7

Figure 23.8

Figure 23.9

Figure 23.10

Figure 23.11

Figure 23.12

Caruncular Melanoma

Figure 23.13

Figure 23.14

Figure 23.15

Figure 23.16

Figure 23.17

Figure 23.18

Caruncular Oncocytoma

Figure 23.19

Figure 23.20

Figure 23.21

Figure 23.22

Figure 23.23

Figure 23.24

Caruncular Sebaceous Tumors

Figure 23.25

Figure 23.26

Figure 23.27

Figure 23.28

Figure 23.29

Figure 23.30

Caruncular Cysts

Figure 23.31

Figure 23.32

Figure 23.33

Figure 23.34

Figure 23.35

Figure 23.36

Miscellaneous Caruncular Tumors

Figure 23.37

Figure 23.38

Figure 23.39

Figure 23.40

Figure 23.41

Figure 23.42

Chapter 24: Miscellaneous Lesions That Simulate Conjunctival Neoplasms

Conjunctival Epithelial Inclusion Cyst

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 24.1

Figure 24.2

Figure 24.3

Figure 24.4

Figure 24.5

Figure 24.6

Conjunctival Organizing Hematoma (“Hematic Cyst”; “Hematocele”)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Organizing Hematoma Secondary to Silicone Sponge for Retinal Detachment Repair

Figure 24.7

Figure 24.8

Figure 24.9

Figure 24.10

Figure 24.11

Figure 24.12

Conjunctival Foreign Body

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 24.13

Figure 24.14

Figure 24.15

Figure 24.16

Figure 24.17

Figure 24.18

Figure 24.19

Figure 24.20

Figure 24.21

Figure 24.22

Figure 24.23

Figure 24.24

Episcleritis and Scleritis Simulating Neoplasms

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Episcleritis and Scleritis

Figure 24.25

Figure 24.26

Figure 24.27

Figure 24.28

Figure 24.29

Figure 24.30

Conjunctival Churg–Strauss Allergic Granulomatosis Simulating Conjunctival Neoplasm

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Churg–Strauss Allergic Granulomatosis

Figure 24.31

Figure 24.32

Figure 24.33

Figure 24.34

Figure 24.35

Figure 24.36

Conjunctival Ligneous Conjunctivitis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 24.37

Figure 24.38

Figure 24.39

Figure 24.40

Figure 24.41

Figure 24.42

Conjunctival Miscellaneous Infectious Lesions that Simulate Neoplasms

Selected References

Figure 24.43

Figure 24.44

Figure 24.45

Figure 24.46

Figure 24.47

Figure 24.48

Figure 24.49

Figure 24.50

Figure 24.51

Figure 24.52

Figure 24.53

Figure 24.54

Conjunctival Amyloidosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 24.55

Figure 24.56

Figure 24.57

Figure 24.58

Figure 24.59

Figure 24.60

Figure 24.61

Figure 24.62

Figure 24.63

Figure 24.64

Figure 24.65

Figure 24.66

Pinguecula

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Conjunctival Pinguecula

Figure 24.67

Figure 24.68

Figure 24.69

Figure 24.70

Figure 24.71

Figure 24.72

Pterygium

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 24.73

Figure 24.74

Figure 24.75

Figure 24.76

Figure 24.77

Figure 24.78

Conjunctival and Scleral Miscellaneous Lesions that Simulate Pigmented Melanoma

Calcified Scleral Plaque

Staphyloma

Extraocular Extension of Ciliary Body Melanoma

Selected References

Scleral Staphyloma and Uveal Prolapse that Simulate Melanoma

Figure 24.79

Figure 24.80

Figure 24.81

Figure 24.82

Figure 24.83

Figure 24.84

Conjunctival Miscellaneous Lesions that Simulate Melanoma

Figure 24.85

Figure 24.86

Figure 24.87

Figure 24.88

Figure 24.89

Figure 24.90

Chapter 25: Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors

Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors

Selected References

Surgical Resection of Circumscribed Conjunctival Tumors Near Limbus

Figure 25.1

Figure 25.2

Figure 25.3

Figure 25.4

Figure 25.5

Figure 25.6

Surgical Management of Primary Acquired Melanosis and Melanoma of Conjunctiva

Figure 25.7

Figure 25.8

Figure 25.9

Figure 25.10

Figure 25.11

Figure 25.12

Results of Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors

Figure 25.13

Figure 25.14

Figure 25.15

Figure 25.16

Figure 25.17

Figure 25.18

Treatment of Conjunctival Malignancies with Topical Chemotherapy and Interferon

Figure 25.19

Figure 25.20

Figure 25.21

Figure 25.22

Figure 25.23

Figure 25.24

Supplemental Treatment of Conjunctival Neoplasms with Plaque Radiotherapy

Figure 25.25

Figure 25.26

Figure 25.27

Figure 25.28

Figure 25.29

Figure 25.30

Supplemental Treatment of Extensive Conjunctival Neoplasm with Plaque Brachytherapy

Figure 25.31

Figure 25.32

Figure 25.33

Figure 25.34

Figure 25.35

Figure 25.36

Part 3: Tumors of the Orbit

Chapter 26: Inflammatory Orbital Lesions That Simulate Neoplasms

Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 26.1

Figure 26.2

Figure 26.3

Figure 26.4

Figure 26.5

Figure 26.6

Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy: Clinical and Radiologic Variations

Figure 26.7

Figure 26.8

Figure 26.9

Figure 26.10

Figure 26.11

Figure 26.12

Orbital Cellulitis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Cellulitis and Abscess

Figure 26.13

Figure 26.14

Figure 26.15

Figure 26.16

Figure 26.17

Figure 26.18

Orbit: Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation (Inflammatory Pseudotumor, Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Differential Diagnosis

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation in Adulthood

Figure 26.19

Figure 26.20

Figure 26.21

Figure 26.22

Figure 26.23

Figure 26.24

Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation Clinical and Radiologic Spectrum

Figure 26.25

Figure 26.26

Figure 26.27

Figure 26.28

Figure 26.29

Figure 26.30

Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation in Childhood

Figure 26.31

Figure 26.32

Figure 26.33

Figure 26.34

Figure 26.35

Figure 26.36

Nonspecific Acute Orbital Myositis

Figure 26.37

Figure 26.38

Figure 26.39

Figure 26.40

Figure 26.41

Figure 26.42

Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease (IgG4-RD)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Tuberculosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 26.43

Figure 26.44

Figure 26.45

Figure 26.46

Figure 26.47

Figure 26.48

Orbital Mycotic Infections: Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis

Orbital Mucormycosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Aspergillosis—Allergic Fungal Sinusitis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Mycotic Infections: Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis

Figure 26.49

Figure 26.50

Figure 26.51

Figure 26.52

Figure 26.53

Figure 26.54

Orbital Sarcoidosis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 26.55

Figure 26.56

Figure 26.57

Figure 26.58

Figure 26.59

Figure 26.60

Orbital Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 26.61

Figure 26.62

Figure 26.63

Figure 26.64

Figure 26.65

Figure 26.66

Kimura Disease and Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia and Kimura Disease

Figure 26.67

Figure 26.68

Figure 26.69

Figure 26.70

Figure 26.71

Figure 26.72

Chapter 27: Orbital Cystic Lesions

Orbital Dermoid Cyst

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Typical Case of Epidermal Origin

Figure 27.1

Figure 27.2

Figure 27.3

Figure 27.4

Figure 27.5

Figure 27.6

Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Lesion of Conjunctival Origin in a Child

Figure 27.7

Figure 27.8

Figure 27.9

Figure 27.10

Figure 27.11

Figure 27.12

Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Lesion of Conjunctival Origin in an Adult

Figure 27.13

Figure 27.14

Figure 27.15

Figure 27.16

Figure 27.17

Figure 27.18

Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Dumbbell Type

Figure 27.19

Figure 27.20

Figure 27.21

Figure 27.22

Figure 27.23

Figure 27.24

Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Dumbbell Type, Surgical Resection

Figure 27.25

Figure 27.26

Figure 27.27

Figure 27.28

Figure 27.29

Figure 27.30

Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Deep Orbital Type

Figure 27.31

Figure 27.32

Figure 27.33

Figure 27.34

Figure 27.35

Figure 27.36

Orbital Simple Primary Cyst of Conjunctival Origin

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Cyst of Conjunctival Origin: Primary Idiopathic Type

Figure 27.37

Figure 27.38

Figure 27.39

Figure 27.40

Figure 27.41

Figure 27.42

Orbital Cyst of Conjunctival Origin: Secondary Type, after Enucleation

Figure 27.43

Figure 27.44

Figure 27.45

Figure 27.46

Figure 27.47

Figure 27.48

Orbital Cyst of Conjunctival Origin: Secondary Type, after Retinal Detachment Surgery

Figure 27.49

Figure 27.50

Figure 27.51

Figure 27.52

Figure 27.53

Figure 27.54

Orbital Cyst: Simple Conjunctival Type Associated with Stevens–Johnson Syndrome

Figure 27.55

Figure 27.56

Figure 27.57

Figure 27.58

Figure 27.59

Figure 27.60

Orbital Teratoma (Teratomatous Cyst)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Teratoma (Teratomatous Cyst) Discovered in Utero

Figure 27.61

Figure 27.62

Figure 27.63

Figure 27.64

Figure 27.65

Figure 27.66

Orbital Teratoma (Teratomatous Cyst)

Figure 27.67

Figure 27.68

Figure 27.69

Figure 27.70

Figure 27.71

Figure 27.72

Orbital Congenital Cystic Eye

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Congenital Cystic Eye Discovered in Utero

Figure 27.73

Figure 27.74

Figure 27.75

Figure 27.76

Figure 27.77

Figure 27.78

Orbital Colobomatous Cyst (Microphthalmos with Cyst)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Colobomatous Cyst

Figure 27.79

Figure 27.80

Figure 27.81

Figure 27.82

Figure 27.83

Figure 27.84

Orbital Colobomatous Cyst: Bilateral Occurrence, Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 27.85

Figure 27.86

Figure 27.87

Figure 27.88

Figure 27.89

Figure 27.90

Orbital Colobomatous Cyst: Clinical Variations, Ultrasonography, and Pathology

Figure 27.91

Figure 27.92

Figure 27.93

Figure 27.94

Figure 27.95

Figure 27.96

Orbital Cephalocele

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Cephalocele: Anterior (Ethmoidal) Type

Figure 27.97

Figure 27.98

Figure 27.99

Figure 27.100

Figure 27.101

Figure 27.102

Orbital Cephalocele: Posterior (Sphenoidal) Type

Figure 27.103

Figure 27.104

Figure 27.105

Figure 27.106

Figure 27.107

Figure 27.108

Orbital Mucocele

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Figure 27.109

Figure 27.110

Figure 27.111

Figure 27.112

Figure 27.113

Figure 27.114

Orbital Mucocele: Clinical, Imaging, and Histopathologic Correlations

Figure 27.115

Figure 27.116

Figure 27.117

Figure 27.118

Figure 27.119

Figure 27.120

Orbital Respiratory Epithelial Cyst

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Figure 27.121

Figure 27.122

Figure 27.123

Figure 27.124

Figure 27.125

Figure 27.126

Orbital Parasitic Cysts

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Hydatid Cyst

Figure 27.127

Figure 27.128

Figure 27.129

Figure 27.130

Figure 27.131

Figure 27.132

Figure 27.133

Figure 27.134

Figure 27.135

Figure 27.136

Figure 27.137

Figure 27.138

Chapter 28: Orbital Vascular and Hemorrhagic Lesions

Orbital Capillary Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Figure 28.1

Figure 28.2

Figure 28.3

Figure 28.4

Figure 28.5

Figure 28.6

Orbital Capillary Hemangioma: Clinical Variations and Regression

Figure 28.7

Figure 28.8

Figure 28.9

Figure 28.10

Figure 28.11

Figure 28.12

Orbital Capillary Hemangioma: Simultaneous Eyelid and Adnexal Involvement

Figure 28.13

Figure 28.14

Figure 28.15

Figure 28.16

Figure 28.17

Figure 28.18

Orbital Capillary Hemangioma: Surgical Resection

Figure 28.19

Figure 28.20

Figure 28.21

Figure 28.22

Figure 28.23

Figure 28.24

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 28.25

Figure 28.26

Figure 28.27

Figure 28.28

Figure 28.29

Figure 28.30

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Surgical Removal by Conjunctival Approach

Figure 28.31

Figure 28.32

Figure 28.33

Figure 28.34

Figure 28.35

Figure 28.36

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Globe and Optic Nerve Compression

Figure 28.37

Figure 28.38

Figure 28.39

Figure 28.40

Figure 28.41

Figure 28.42

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 28.43

Figure 28.44

Figure 28.45

Figure 28.46

Figure 28.47

Figure 28.48

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Superonasal Orbitotomy

Figure 28.49

Figure 28.50

Figure 28.51

Figure 28.52

Figure 28.53

Figure 28.54

Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Intraosseous Type

Figure 28.55

Figure 28.56

Figure 28.57

Figure 28.58

Figure 28.59

Figure 28.60

Orbital Hemangiopericytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Hemangiopericytoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 28.61

Figure 28.62

Figure 28.63

Figure 28.64

Figure 28.65

Figure 28.66

Figure 28.67

Figure 28.68

Figure 28.69

Figure 28.70

Figure 28.71

Figure 28.72

Orbital Hemangiopericytoma: Aggressive Tumor with Brain Invasion

Figure 28.73

Figure 28.74

Figure 28.75

Figure 28.76

Figure 28.77

Figure 28.78

Orbital Lymphangioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Lymphangioma: Clinical and Pathologic Features

Figure 28.79

Figure 28.80

Figure 28.81

Figure 28.82

Figure 28.83

Figure 28.84

Orbital Lymphangioma: CT and MRI

Figure 28.85

Figure 28.86

Figure 28.87

Figure 28.88

Figure 28.89

Figure 28.90

Orbital Lymphangioma: MRI Features and Management by Aspiration

Figure 28.91

Figure 28.92

Figure 28.93

Figure 28.94

Figure 28.95

Figure 28.96

Orbital Lymphangioma: Occurrence in an Infant

Figure 28.97

Figure 28.98

Figure 28.99

Figure 28.100

Figure 28.101

Figure 28.102

Orbital Lymphangioma: Occurrence in a Young Child

Figure 28.103

Figure 28.104

Figure 28.105

Figure 28.106

Figure 28.107

Figure 28.108

Orbital Lymphangioma: Occurrence in an Older Adult

Figure 28.109

Figure 28.110

Figure 28.111

Figure 28.112

Figure 28.113

Figure 28.114

Orbital Varix

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Varix: Demonstration by Increasing Intracranial Venous Pressure

Figure 28.115

Figure 28.116

Figure 28.117

Figure 28.118

Figure 28.119

Figure 28.120

Orbital Varix: Demonstration by Valsalva Maneuver

Figure 28.121

Figure 28.122

Figure 28.123

Figure 28.124

Figure 28.125

Figure 28.126

Orbital Varix: Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Color Doppler Imaging

Figure 28.127

Figure 28.128

Figure 28.129

Figure 28.130

Figure 28.131

Figure 28.132

Orbital Varix: Anteriorly Located Lesion

Figure 28.133

Figure 28.134

Figure 28.135

Figure 28.136

Figure 28.137

Figure 28.138

Orbital Miscellaneous Vascular Lesions: Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia and Glomus Tumor of the Orbit

Orbital Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Diagnostic Approaches

Management

Selected References

Orbital Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia and Glomus Tumor

Figure 28.139

Figure 28.140

Figure 28.141

Figure 28.142

Figure 28.143

Figure 28.144

Orbital Angiosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 28.145

Figure 28.146

Figure 28.147

Figure 28.148

Figure 28.149

Figure 28.150

Orbital Hematoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Organizing Hematoma

Figure 28.151

Figure 28.152

Figure 28.153

Figure 28.154

Figure 28.155

Figure 28.156

Chapter 29: Orbital Peripheral Nerve Tumors

Orbital (Neurilemoma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Schwannoma

Figure 29.1

Figure 29.2

Figure 29.3

Figure 29.4

Figure 29.5

Figure 29.6

Figure 29.7

Figure 29.8

Figure 29.9

Figure 29.10

Figure 29.11

Figure 29.12

Figure 29.13

Figure 29.14

Figure 29.15

Figure 29.16

Figure 29.17

Figure 29.18

Orbital Schwannoma: Intracranial Extension

Figure 29.19

Figure 29.20

Figure 29.21

Figure 29.22

Figure 29.23

Figure 29.24

Orbital Neurofibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Neurofibroma: Association with Neurofibromatosis

Figure 29.25

Figure 29.26

Figure 29.27

Figure 29.28

Figure 29.29

Figure 29.30

Orbital Neurofibroma: Progression of Eyelid, Orbital, and Intraocular Neurofibromatosis

Figure 29.31

Figure 29.32

Figure 29.33

Figure 29.34

Figure 29.35

Figure 29.36

Orbital Neurofibroma: Solitary Type Unassociated with Neurofibromatosis

Figure 29.37

Figure 29.38

Figure 29.39

Figure 29.40

Figure 29.41

Figure 29.42

Orbital Neurofibroma: Multiple Circumscribed Type Unassociated with Neurofibromatosis

Figure 29.43

Figure 29.44

Figure 29.45

Figure 29.46

Figure 29.47

Figure 29.48

Orbital Paraganglioma (Chemodectoma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Orbital Paraganglioma

Figure 29.49

Figure 29.50

Figure 29.51

Figure 29.52

Figure 29.53

Figure 29.54

Orbital Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 29.55

Figure 29.56

Figure 29.57

Figure 29.58

Figure 29.59

Figure 29.60

Orbital Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: Aggressive Tumor in a Child

Figure 29.61

Figure 29.62

Figure 29.63

Figure 29.64

Figure 29.65

Figure 29.66

Miscellaneous Orbital Neural Tumors: Granular Cell Tumor, Amputation Neuroma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

Orbital Granular Cell Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Amputation Neuroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management and Prognosis

Selected References

Orbital Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management and Prognosis

Selected References

Orbital Miscellaneous Neural Tumors: Granular Cell Tumor, Amputation Neuroma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

Figure 29.67

Figure 29.68

Figure 29.69

Figure 29.70

Figure 29.71

Figure 29.72

Chapter 30: Optic Nerve, Meningeal, and Other Neural Tumors

Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Optic Nerve Glioma): General Considerations

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management and Prognosis

Selected References

Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma)

Figure 30.1

Figure 30.2

Figure 30.3

Figure 30.4

Figure 30.5

Figure 30.6

Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma): Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Figure 30.7

Figure 30.8

Figure 30.9

Figure 30.10

Figure 30.11

Figure 30.12

Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma)

Figure 30.13

Figure 30.14

Figure 30.15

Figure 30.16

Figure 30.17

Figure 30.18

Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma): Fundus Changes

Figure 30.19

Figure 30.20

Figure 30.21

Figure 30.22

Figure 30.23

Figure 30.24

Optic Nerve Malignant Astrocytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 30.25

Figure 30.26

Figure 30.27

Figure 30.28

Figure 30.29

Figure 30.30

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 30.31

Figure 30.32

Figure 30.33

Figure 30.34

Figure 30.35

Figure 30.36

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Figure 30.37

Figure 30.38

Figure 30.39

Figure 30.40

Figure 30.41

Figure 30.42

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: Aggressive Variant

Figure 30.43

Figure 30.44

Figure 30.45

Figure 30.46

Figure 30.47

Figure 30.48

Orbital Sphenoid Wing Meningioma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Sphenoid Wing Meningioma: Orbital Involvement

Figure 30.49

Figure 30.50

Figure 30.51

Figure 30.52

Figure 30.53

Figure 30.54

Figure 30.55

Figure 30.56

Figure 30.57

Figure 30.58

Figure 30.59

Figure 30.60

Orbital Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor and Primary Orbital Neuroblastoma

Orbital Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Neuroblastoma: Primary Type

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 30.61

Figure 30.62

Figure 30.63

Figure 30.64

Figure 30.65

Figure 30.66

Chapter 31: Orbital Myogenic Tumors

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Prognosis

Selected References

Table 31.1: Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group Staging Classification

Figure 31.1

Figure 31.2

Figure 31.3

Figure 31.4

Figure 31.5

Figure 31.6

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma Simulating a Lymphangioma

Figure 31.7

Figure 31.8

Figure 31.9

Figure 31.10

Figure 31.11

Figure 31.12

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Typical Case—clinical Features, MRI, and Pathology

Figure 31.13

Figure 31.14

Figure 31.15

Figure 31.16

Figure 31.17

Figure 31.18

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Presentation as a Conjunctival Mass

Figure 31.19

Figure 31.20

Figure 31.21

Figure 31.22

Figure 31.23

Figure 31.24

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Biopsy Approach

Figure 31.25

Figure 31.26

Figure 31.27

Figure 31.28

Figure 31.29

Figure 31.30

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Simulating Orbital Hematoma in a Child

Figure 31.31

Figure 31.32

Figure 31.33

Figure 31.34

Figure 31.35

Figure 31.36

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Advanced Aggressive Cases

Figure 31.37

Figure 31.38

Figure 31.39

Figure 31.40

Figure 31.41

Figure 31.42

Orbital Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 31.43

Figure 31.44

Figure 31.45

Figure 31.46

Figure 31.47

Figure 31.48

Orbital Leiomyoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Leiomyosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma

Figure 31.49

Figure 31.50

Figure 31.51

Figure 31.52

Figure 31.53

Figure 31.54

Chapter 32: Orbital Fibrous Connective Tissue Tumors

Orbital Nodular Fasciitis and Fibroma

Orbital Nodular Fasciitis

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Fibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Nodular Fasciitis

Figure 32.1

Figure 32.2

Figure 32.3

Figure 32.4

Figure 32.5

Figure 32.6

Orbital Nodular Fasciitis and Fibroma

Figure 32.7

Figure 32.8

Figure 32.9

Figure 32.10

Figure 32.11

Figure 32.12

Orbital Fibromatosis, Myofibromatosis, and Myofibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Infantile Fibromatosis

Figure 32.13

Figure 32.14

Figure 32.15

Figure 32.16

Figure 32.17

Figure 32.18

Orbital Infantile Myofibromatosis

Figure 32.19

Figure 32.20

Figure 32.21

Figure 32.22

Figure 32.23

Figure 32.24

Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma: Benign Type

Figure 32.25

Figure 32.26

Figure 32.27

Figure 32.28

Figure 32.29

Figure 32.30

Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma: Malignant Type

Figure 32.31

Figure 32.32

Figure 32.33

Figure 32.34

Figure 32.35

Figure 32.36

Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma: Management

Figure 32.37

Figure 32.38

Figure 32.39

Figure 32.40

Figure 32.41

Figure 32.42

Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 32.43

Figure 32.44

Figure 32.45

Figure 32.46

Figure 32.47

Figure 32.48

Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumor with Slow-Onset Recurrence

Figure 32.49

Figure 32.50

Figure 32.51

Figure 32.52

Figure 32.53

Figure 32.54

Orbital Fibrosarcoma

Selected References

Figure 32.55

Figure 32.56

Figure 32.57

Figure 32.58

Figure 32.59

Figure 32.60

Chapter 33: Orbital Osseous, Fibro-Osseous, and Cartilaginous Tumors

Orbital Osteoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 33.1

Figure 33.2

Figure 33.3

Figure 33.4

Figure 33.5

Figure 33.6

Orbital Osteoma: Clinicopathologic and Imaging Correlation and Occurrence in Gardner’s Syndrome

Figure 33.7

Figure 33.8

Figure 33.9

Figure 33.10

Figure 33.11

Figure 33.12

Orbit Osteosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital Osteosarcoma

Figure 33.13

Figure 33.14

Figure 33.15

Figure 33.16

Figure 33.17

Figure 33.18

Orbital Fibrous Dysplasia

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 33.19

Figure 33.20

Figure 33.21

Figure 33.22

Figure 33.23

Figure 33.24

Figure 33.25

Figure 33.26

Figure 33.27

Figure 33.28

Figure 33.29

Figure 33.30

Orbital Ossifying Fibroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 33.31

Figure 33.32

Figure 33.33

Figure 33.34

Figure 33.35

Figure 33.36

Figure 33.37

Figure 33.38

Figure 33.39

Figure 33.40

Figure 33.41

Figure 33.42

Orbital Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 33.43

Figure 33.44

Figure 33.45

Figure 33.46

Figure 33.47

Figure 33.48

Orbital Cartilaginous Chondroma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Chondroma

Figure 33.49

Figure 33.50

Figure 33.51

Figure 33.52

Figure 33.53

Figure 33.54

Orbital Chondrosarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 33.55

Figure 33.56

Figure 33.57

Figure 33.58

Figure 33.59

Figure 33.60

Orbital Chondrosarcoma in a Young Woman

Figure 33.61

Figure 33.62

Figure 33.63

Figure 33.64

Figure 33.65

Figure 33.66

Chapter 34: Orbital Lipomatous and Myxomatous Tumors

Orbital Fat Prolapse

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 34.1

Figure 34.2

Figure 34.3

Figure 34.4

Figure 34.5

Figure 34.6

Figure 34.7

Figure 34.8

Figure 34.9

Figure 34.10

Figure 34.11

Figure 34.12

Orbital Fat Prolapse: Clinical and Computed Tomography Features and Surgical Approach

Figure 34.13

Figure 34.14

Figure 34.15

Figure 34.16

Figure 34.17

Figure 34.18

Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology and Pathogenesis

Management

Selected References

Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma: Clinical Spectrum and Age Range

Figure 34.19

Figure 34.20

Figure 34.21

Figure 34.22

Figure 34.23

Figure 34.24

Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma: Clinical, Computed Tomography, and Histopathologic Features

Figure 34.25

Figure 34.26

Figure 34.27

Figure 34.28

Figure 34.29

Figure 34.30

Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma: Association with Goldenhar Syndrome

Figure 34.31

Figure 34.32

Figure 34.33

Figure 34.34

Figure 34.35

Figure 34.36

Orbital Lipoma and Myxoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Pleomorphic Lipoma: Clinical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Histopathologic Findings

Figure 34.37

Figure 34.38

Figure 34.39

Figure 34.40

Figure 34.41

Figure 34.42

Orbital Lipoma: Clinicopathologic Variations

Figure 34.43

Figure 34.44

Figure 34.45

Figure 34.46

Figure 34.47

Figure 34.48

Orbital Myxoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 34.49

Figure 34.50

Figure 34.51

Figure 34.52

Figure 34.53

Figure 34.54

Orbital Liposarcoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 34.55

Figure 34.56

Figure 34.57

Figure 34.58

Figure 34.59

Figure 34.60

Chapter 35: Orbital Histiocytic Tumors

Orbit Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

Figure 35.1

Figure 35.2

Figure 35.3

Figure 35.4

Figure 35.5

Figure 35.6

Orbital Adult-Onset Xanthogranuloma with Asthma

Figure 35.7

Figure 35.8

Figure 35.9

Figure 35.10

Figure 35.11

Figure 35.12

Orbital Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Clinical, Computed Tomography, and Pathologic Features

Figure 35.13

Figure 35.14

Figure 35.15

Figure 35.16

Figure 35.17

Figure 35.18

Orbital Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Bilateral Sequential Orbital Involvement

Figure 35.19

Figure 35.20

Figure 35.21

Figure 35.22

Figure 35.23

Figure 35.24

Orbital Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Management

Figure 35.25

Figure 35.26

Figure 35.27

Figure 35.28

Figure 35.29

Figure 35.30

Orbital Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Presentation as a Hemorrhagic, Cystic Lesion

Figure 35.31

Figure 35.32

Figure 35.33

Figure 35.34

Figure 35.35

Figure 35.36

Orbital Erdheim–Chester Disease

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 35.37

Figure 35.38

Figure 35.39

Figure 35.40

Figure 35.41

Figure 35.42

Orbital Rosai–Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 35.43

Figure 35.44

Figure 35.45

Figure 35.46

Figure 35.47

Figure 35.48

Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma and Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma

Orbital Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Diagnostic Approaches

Selected References

Orbital Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma and Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma

Figure 35.49

Figure 35.50

Figure 35.51

Figure 35.52

Figure 35.53

Figure 35.54

Chapter 36: Orbital Primary Melanocytic Tumors

Orbital Melanoma Arising from Ocular Melanocytosis and Blue Nevus

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Melanoma Arising from Blue Nevus

Figure 36.1

Figure 36.2

Figure 36.3

Figure 36.4

Figure 36.5

Figure 36.6

Orbital Melanomas Arising De Novo

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Management and Prognosis

Selected References

Orbital Melanoma: De Novo Primary Tumors

Figure 36.7

Figure 36.8

Figure 36.9

Figure 36.10

Figure 36.11

Figure 36.12

Orbital Melanocytic Hamartoma and Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor

Orbital Melanocytic Hamartoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Orbital Involvement by Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Melanocytic Hamartoma and Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor

Figure 36.13

Figure 36.14

Figure 36.15

Figure 36.16

Figure 36.17

Figure 36.18

Chapter 37: Lacrimal Gland Primary Epithelial Tumors

Introduction: Lacrimal Gland Lesions

General References

Lacrimal Gland Ductal Epithelial Cyst (Dacryops)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 37.1

Figure 37.2

Figure 37.3

Figure 37.4

Figure 37.5

Figure 37.6

Figure 37.7

Figure 37.8

Figure 37.9

Figure 37.10

Figure 37.11

Figure 37.12

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation

Figure 37.13

Figure 37.14

Figure 37.15

Figure 37.16

Figure 37.17

Figure 37.18

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: Surgical Management

Figure 37.19

Figure 37.20

Figure 37.21

Figure 37.22

Figure 37.23

Figure 37.24

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma in a Teenager

Figure 37.25

Figure 37.26

Figure 37.27

Figure 37.28

Figure 37.29

Figure 37.30

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Figure 37.31

Figure 37.32

Figure 37.33

Figure 37.34

Figure 37.35

Figure 37.36

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma (Malignant Mixed Tumor)

Figure 37.37

Figure 37.38

Figure 37.39

Figure 37.40

Figure 37.41

Figure 37.42

Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 37.43

Figure 37.44

Figure 37.45

Figure 37.46

Figure 37.47

Figure 37.48

Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation of an Aggressive Case

Figure 37.49

Figure 37.50

Figure 37.51

Figure 37.52

Figure 37.53

Figure 37.54

Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Early Detection by Imaging Studies and Treatment with Brachytherapy

Figure 37.55

Figure 37.56

Figure 37.57

Figure 37.58

Figure 37.59

Figure 37.60

Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Occurrence in a Child

Figure 37.61

Figure 37.62

Figure 37.63

Figure 37.64

Figure 37.65

Figure 37.66

Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Atypical Nasal Orbital Location

Figure 37.67

Figure 37.68

Figure 37.69

Figure 37.70

Figure 37.71

Figure 37.72

Lacrimal Gland Primary Ductal Carcinoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 37.73

Figure 37.74

Figure 37.75

Figure 37.76

Figure 37.77

Figure 37.78

Lacrimal Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Figure 37.79

Figure 37.80

Figure 37.81

Figure 37.82

Figure 37.83

Figure 37.84

Histopathology of Primary Epithelial Malignancies of Lacrimal Gland

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma

Primary Adenocarcinoma

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Sebaceous Carcinoma

Acinic Cell Adenocarcinoma

Ductal Carcinoma

Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma

Epithelial–Myoepithelial Carcinoma

Cystadenocarcinoma

Selected References

Lacrimal Gland: Histopathology of Selected Primary Epithelial Malignancies

Figure 37.85

Figure 37.86

Figure 37.87

Figure 37.88

Figure 37.89

Figure 37.90

Chapter 38: Orbital Metastatic Cancer

Orbital Metastatic Cancer

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer

Figure 38.1

Figure 38.2

Figure 38.3

Figure 38.4

Figure 38.5

Figure 38.6

Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Clinical Variations

Figure 38.7

Figure 38.8

Figure 38.9

Figure 38.10

Figure 38.11

Figure 38.12

Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Paradoxical Enophthalmos

Figure 38.13

Figure 38.14

Figure 38.15

Figure 38.16

Figure 38.17

Figure 38.18

Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Biopsy Techniques

Figure 38.19

Figure 38.20

Figure 38.21

Figure 38.22

Figure 38.23

Figure 38.24

Orbital Metastasis from Prostate Carcinoma

Figure 38.25

Figure 38.26

Figure 38.27

Figure 38.28

Figure 38.29

Figure 38.30

Orbital Metastasis from Carcinoid Tumor

Figure 38.31

Figure 38.32

Figure 38.33

Figure 38.34

Figure 38.35

Figure 38.36

Orbital Metastasis from Lung Cancer

Figure 38.37

Figure 38.38

Figure 38.39

Figure 38.40

Figure 38.41

Figure 38.42

Orbital Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma

Figure 38.43

Figure 38.44

Figure 38.45

Figure 38.46

Figure 38.47

Figure 38.48

Orbital Metastasis from Cutaneous Melanoma

Figure 38.49

Figure 38.50

Figure 38.51

Figure 38.52

Figure 38.53

Figure 38.54

Orbital Metastasis from Choroidal Melanoma

Figure 38.55

Figure 38.56

Figure 38.57

Figure 38.58

Figure 38.59

Figure 38.60

Orbital Metastasis from Choroidal Melanoma to the Contralateral Orbit

Figure 38.61

Figure 38.62

Figure 38.63

Figure 38.64

Figure 38.65

Figure 38.66

Orbital Metastasis from Thyroid Cancer and Orbital Metastasis from an Unknown Primary Site

Figure 38.67

Figure 38.68

Figure 38.69

Figure 38.70

Figure 38.71

Figure 38.72

Orbital Metastasis of Adrenal Neuroblastoma

Figure 38.73

Figure 38.74

Figure 38.75

Figure 38.76

Figure 38.77

Figure 38.78

Orbital Metastasis: Wilms’ Tumor, Ewing’s Tumor, and Rhabdomyosarcoma

Figure 38.79

Figure 38.80

Figure 38.81

Figure 38.82

Figure 38.83

Figure 38.84

Chapter 39: Orbital Lymphoid Tumors and Leukemias

Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Table 39.1: World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 classification of B-cell neoplasms

Table 39.2: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of ocular adnexal lymphoma

Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Clinical, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features

Figure 39.1

Figure 39.2

Figure 39.3

Figure 39.4

Figure 39.5

Figure 39.6

Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Clinical Variations and Pathology

Figure 39.7

Figure 39.8

Figure 39.9

Figure 39.10

Figure 39.11

Figure 39.12

Orbital Lacrimal Gland Lymphoma: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations

Figure 39.13

Figure 39.14

Figure 39.15

Figure 39.16

Figure 39.17

Figure 39.18

Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Management

Figure 39.19

Figure 39.20

Figure 39.21

Figure 39.22

Figure 39.23

Figure 39.24

Orbital Lymphoma: Atypical Forms

Selected References

Orbital Lymphoma: Atypical Forms: Large Cell Lymphoma with Microvillous Projections and Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Figure 39.25

Figure 39.26

Figure 39.27

Figure 39.28

Figure 39.29

Figure 39.30

Orbital Plasmacytoma and Lymphoplasmacytoid Tumors

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 39.31

Figure 39.32

Figure 39.33

Figure 39.34

Figure 39.35

Figure 39.36

Orbital Plasmacytoma: Association with Multiple Myeloma

Figure 39.37

Figure 39.38

Figure 39.39

Figure 39.40

Figure 39.41

Figure 39.42

Orbital Plasmablastic Lymphoma

General Consideration

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 39.43

Figure 39.44

Figure 39.45

Figure 39.46

Figure 39.47

Figure 39.48

Orbital Burkitt Lymphoma

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 39.49

Figure 39.50

Figure 39.51

Figure 39.52

Figure 39.53

Figure 39.54

Orbital Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Figure 39.55

Figure 39.56

Figure 39.57

Figure 39.58

Figure 39.59

Figure 39.60

Figure 39.61

Figure 39.62

Figure 39.63

Figure 39.64

Figure 39.65

Figure 39.66

Orbital–Orbital Involvement by Leukemia (Myeloid Sarcoma)

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma (Leukemia)

Figure 39.67

Figure 39.68

Figure 39.69

Figure 39.70

Figure 39.71

Figure 39.72

Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma (Leukemia): Bilateral Orbital Involvement

Figure 39.73

Figure 39.74

Figure 39.75

Figure 39.76

Figure 39.77

Figure 39.78

Chapter 40: Orbital Secondary Tumors

Orbital Secondary Tumors

General Considerations

Clinical Features

Diagnostic Approaches

Pathology

Management

Selected References

Orbital Invasion from Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma

Figure 40.1

Figure 40.2

Figure 40.3

Figure 40.4

Figure 40.5

Figure 40.6

Orbital Invasion from Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Simulating a Primary Lacrimal Gland Tumor

Figure 40.7

Figure 40.8

Figure 40.9

Figure 40.10

Figure 40.11

Figure 40.12

Orbital Invasion from Eyelid Melanoma

Figure 40.13

Figure 40.14

Figure 40.15

Figure 40.16

Figure 40.17

Figure 40.18

Orbital Invasion from Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Figure 40.19

Figure 40.20

Figure 40.21

Figure 40.22

Figure 40.23

Figure 40.24

Orbital Invasion from Conjunctival Melanoma

Figure 40.25

Figure 40.26

Figure 40.27

Figure 40.28

Figure 40.29

Figure 40.30

Orbital Invasion from Conjunctival Melanoma in a Young African American

Figure 40.31

Figure 40.32

Figure 40.33

Figure 40.34

Figure 40.35

Figure 40.36

Orbital Invasion from Uveal Melanoma: Massive Orbital Involvement

Figure 40.37

Figure 40.38

Figure 40.39

Figure 40.40

Figure 40.41

Figure 40.42

Orbital Invasion from Massive Choroidal Melanoma

Figure 40.43

Figure 40.44

Figure 40.45

Figure 40.46

Figure 40.47

Figure 40.48

Orbital Invasion from Retinoblastoma

Figure 40.49

Figure 40.50

Figure 40.51

Figure 40.52

Figure 40.53

Figure 40.54

Orbital Invasion from Massive Unrecognized Retinoblastoma

Figure 40.55

Figure 40.56

Figure 40.57

Figure 40.58

Figure 40.59

Figure 40.60

Orbital Invasion from Paranasal Sinus Cancers

Figure 40.61

Figure 40.62

Figure 40.63

Figure 40.64

Figure 40.65

Figure 40.66

Orbital Invasion from Nasopharyngeal Cancers

Figure 40.67

Figure 40.68

Figure 40.69

Figure 40.70

Figure 40.71

Figure 40.72

Chapter 41: Surgical Management of Orbital Tumors

Surgical Management of Orbital Tumors

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Conjunctival Approach

Cutaneous Approach

Orbital Exenteration

Selected References

Orbital Surgery: Instrumentation and Conjunctival Approach

Figure 41.1

Figure 41.2

Figure 41.3

Figure 41.4

Figure 41.5

Figure 41.6

Orbital Surgery: Cutaneous Superonasal Approach

Figure 41.7

Figure 41.8

Figure 41.9

Figure 41.10

Figure 41.11

Figure 41.12

Orbital Surgery: Cutaneous Superotemporal Approach

Figure 41.13

Figure 41.14

Figure 41.15

Figure 41.16

Figure 41.17

Figure 41.18

Orbital Surgery: Cutaneous Superotemporal Approach

Figure 41.19

Figure 41.20

Figure 41.21

Figure 41.22

Figure 41.23

Figure 41.24

Orbital Surgery: Exenteration

Figure 41.25

Figure 41.26

Figure 41.27

Figure 41.28

Figure 41.29

Figure 41.30

Orbital Exenteration Prostheses

Figure 41.31

Figure 41.32

Figure 41.33

Figure 41.34

Figure 41.35

Figure 41.36

Orbital Exenteration: Cosmetic Rehabilitation

Figure 41.37

Figure 41.38

Figure 41.39

Figure 41.40

Figure 41.41

Figure 41.42

Appendix

Remarks

 

An aparitie	17 Oct. 2015
Autor	Dr. Jerry A. Shields , Dr. Carol L. Shields
Dimensiuni	213 x 276 x 40 mm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781496321480
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	824
Versiune digitala	DA