Differential Diagnoses in Surgical Pathology: Gynecologic Tract

Description:

Offering expert, practical guidance through the decision-making process,Differential Diagnoses in Surgical Pathology: Gynecologic Tract, Second Edition, by Drs. Russell Vang, Anna Yemelyanova, and Jeffrey D. Seidman, helps you systematically solve tough diagnostic challenges in gynecologic pathology and arrive at a correct diagnosis between commonly confused entities. In this fully revised edition, lesions are presented side by side for easy comparison, with clinical and pathological findings in short outline format followed by several full-color images. In addition to illustrating and discussing the classical features of these entities, the authors emphasize atypical features that can complicate diagnoses. 

Table of Contents:

CHAPTER 1 VULVA AND VAGINA

1.1 Vestibular papillomatosis (hymenal tag) vs Condyloma acuminatum

1.2 Condyloma acuminatum vs Squamous papilloma

1.3 Condyloma acuminatum vs Seborrheic keratosis

1.4 Condyloma acuminatum vs Verruca vulgaris (common wart)

1.5 Verrucous carcinoma vs Condyloma acuminatum

1.6 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, VIN 2-3) with condylomatous features vs Condyloma acuminatum

1.7 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, VIN 2-3) vs Benign squamous epithelium (vulvar skin)

1.8 Differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia vs Reactive/reparative atypia

1.9 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, VIN 2-3) vs Differentiated-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

1.10 Basal cell carcinoma vs Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

1.11 Invasive squamous cell carcinoma vs High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, VIN 2-3) with extension into skin adnexal structures

1.12 Invasive squamous cell carcinoma vs High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, VIN 2-3) with convoluted architecture and/or tangential orientation

1.13 Primary extramammary Paget disease vs Pagetoid high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (pagetoid HSIL, VIN 2-3)

1.14 Melanoma in situ vs Primary extramammary Paget disease

1.15 Ectopic prostatic tissue vs Primary vaginal adenocarcinoma

1.16 Metastatic adenocarcinoma vs Primary vaginal adenocarcinoma

1.17 Prolapsed fallopian tube vs Vaginal adenocarcinoma

1.18 Bartholin gland hyperplasia/adenoma vs Primary mucinous carcinoma (Bartholin gland carcinoma)

1.19 Hidradenoma papilliferum (papillary hidradenoma) vs Vulvar adenocarcinoma arising from mammary-like glands

1.20 Fibroepithelial (mesodermal) stromal polyp vs Aggressive angiomyxoma

1.21 Vulvar lymphedema vs Aggressive angiomyxoma

1.22 Aggressive angiomyxoma vs Angiomyofibroblastoma

1.23 Cellular angiofibroma vs Leiomyoma

1.24 Myofibroblastoma vs Leiomyoma

1.25 Neurofibroma vs Myofibroblastoma

1.26 Spindle cell melanoma vs Leiomyosarcoma

1.27 Kaposi sarcoma vs Sarcomatoid (spindled) squamous cell carcinoma

CHAPTER 2 CERVIX

2.1 Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) vs Nondiagnostic squamous atypia

2.2 Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) vs High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)

2.3 Papillary immature squamous metaplasia (immature condyloma) vs Papillary squamous cell carcinoma

2.4 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) vs Immature squamous metaplasia

2.5 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) vs Transitional cell metaplasia/atrophy

2.6 Attenuated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) vs Atypical immature squamous metaplasia

2.7 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) with extension into endocervical glands vs Superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma

2.8 Adenoid basal epithelioma vs High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) with extension into endocervical glands

2.9 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) vs Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE)

2.10 Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE) vs Squamous metaplasia with overlying mucinous epithelium

2.11 Intraepithelial spread of bladder urothelial carcinoma into the cervix vs High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)

2.12 HPV-related endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ vs Tuboendometrioid metaplasia

2.13 Florid adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, HPV-related) vs HPV-related invasive well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of usual type with AIS-like pattern/Silva pattern A

2.14 HPV-related endocervical adenocarcinoma vs Microglandular hyperplasia

2.15 HPV-independent endocervical adenocarcinoma (including minimal deviation adenocarcinoma/gastric-type adenocarcinoma) vs Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH)

2.16 HPV-independent endocervical adenocarcinoma (including minimal deviation adenocarcinoma/gastric-type adenocarcinoma) vs HPV-related endocervical adenocarcinoma, mucinous type

2.17 Secondary cervical involvement by endometrial carcinoma: cervical stromal invasion vs Confinement to endocervical mucosa

2.18 HPV-related invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma of usual type vs Secondary cervical involvement by endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, FIGO grade 1

2.19 Mesonephric hyperplasia (hyperplastic mesonephric duct remnants) vs Secondary involvement of the cervix by endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

2.20 Mesonephric hyperplasia (hyperplastic mesonephric duct remnants) vs HPV-related invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma of usual type

2.21 Secondary cervical involvement by endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, FIGO grade 3 vs Poorly differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma

2.22 Placental site nodule/plaque vs Squamous cell carcinoma (well-differentiated, keratinizing)

2.23 Squamous cell carcinoma vs Neuroendocrine carcinoma

2.24 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, botryoid type vs Inflamed benign endocervical polyp

2.25 NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm/sarcoma vs Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

CHAPTER 3 UTERINE CORPUS (EPITHELIAL LESIONS)

3.1 Menstrual endometrium vs Anovulation-related endometrial stromal breakdown/dysfunctional uterine bleeding

3.2 Artifactual glandular crowding vs Endometrial hyperplasia

3.3 Complex atypical hyperplasia vs Complex hyperplasia without atypia (+/− metaplastic changes)

3.4 Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma with secretory differentiation vs Secretory endometrium

3.5 Endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma with progestin treatment effect vs Secretory/gestational endometrium

3.6 Complex atypical hyperplasia vs FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma

3.7 Fragments of FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma with metaplastic-like differentiation vs Benign endometrial tissue with metaplastic changes in biopsy/curettage specimens

3.8 FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation vs FIGO grade 2 endometrioid carcinoma

3.9 Endometrioid carcinoma with papillary architecture vs Serous carcinoma

3.10 Endometrioid carcinoma with small nonvillous papillae vs Serous carcinoma

3.11 Endometrioid carcinoma vs Serous carcinoma with glandular architecture

3.12 Serous intraepithelial carcinoma vs Benign endometrial tissue with reactive/degenerative atypia

3.13 High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma vs Endometrioid carcinoma, FIGO grade 3

3.14 Endometrioid carcinoma with clear cells vs Clear cell carcinoma

3.15 Arias-Stella reaction vs Clear cell carcinoma

3.16 Corded and hyalinized pattern of endometrioid carcinoma vs Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT; carcinosarcoma)

3.17 High-grade endometrial carcinoma (FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma/serous carcinoma) vs Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT; carcinosarcoma)

3.18 Dedifferentiated carcinoma vs High-grade endometrial carcinoma (malignant mixed müllerian tumor [MMMT; carcinosarcoma]/FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma)

3.19 Mesonephric/mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma vs Endometrioid carcinoma

3.20 Endometrial carcinoma involving irregular endometrial-myometrial junction vs Endometrial carcinoma with superficial myoinvasion

3.21 Endometrial carcinoma with involvement of adenomyosis vs Endometrial carcinoma with myoinvasion

3.22 Endometrial carcinoma with vascular pseudoinvasion vs Endometrial carcinoma with true lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI)

3.23 Minute and detached fragments of ovarian/tubal high-grade serous carcinoma in uterine biopsy/curettage vs Primary endometrial serous carcinoma

3.24 Metastatic nongynecologic carcinoma with glandular pattern involving endometrium vs Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma

3.25 Secondary uterine corpus involvement by cervical poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma vs Primary endometrial FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma

3.26 Endometrial biopsy/curettage: secondary endometrial involvement by endocervical well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of usual type vs Primary endometrial FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma

3.27 Endocervical microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) vs Microglandular hyperplasia (MGH)-like endometrial carcinoma in biopsy/curettage specimens

CHAPTER 4 UTERINE CORPUS (PURE MESENCHYMAL AND MIXED EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL LESIONS)

4.1 Atypical leiomyoma vs Leiomyosarcoma

4.2 Infarcted cellular leiomyoma vs Smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP)

4.3 Leiomyomas with variant growth patterns (dissecting leiomyoma/intravenous leiomyomatosis) vs Leiomyosarcoma

4.4 Epithelioid leiomyoma vs Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma

4.5 Cellular leiomyoma vs Endometrial stromal nodule

4.6 Endometrial stromal nodule/tumor with irregular margins vs Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma

4.7 Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with glandular differentiation vs Adenosarcoma

4.8 Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with glandular differentiation vs Adenomyosis/endometriosis

4.9 Gland-poor adenomyosis vs Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma

4.10 High- vs Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma

4.11 Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) vs Epithelioid leiomyoma

4.12 Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) vs Epithelioid smooth muscle tumor (leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma)

4.13 Lymphangiomyoma/lymphangiomyomatosis vs Leiomyoma

4.14 Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor vs Myxoid leiomyosarcoma

4.15 Adenomatoid tumor vs Dilated lymphatics/veins

4.16 Adenomatoid tumor vs Lipoleiomyoma

4.17 Atypical polypoid adenomyoma vs Invasive FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation

4.18 Adenosarcoma vs Adenofibroma

4.19 Adenosarcoma vs Benign endometrial polyp

4.20 Adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth vs Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT; carcinosarcoma)

4.21 Uterine artery embolization gelatin microspheres vs Dilated lymphatics/veins

CHAPTER 5 OVARY

5.1 Typical serous borderline tumor (SBT) vs Micropapillary serous borderline tumor (MP-SBT)

5.2 Seromucinous borderline tumor (SMBT) vs Low-grade seromucinous carcinoma

5.3 Autoimplants of serous borderline tumor (SBT) vs Serous borderline tumor with microinvasion/microinvasive carcinoma

5.4 Lymph node “involvement” by serous borderline tumor (SBT) vs Lymph node with endosalpingiosis

5.5 Macropapillary pattern of invasive low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) vs Serous adenofibroma/cystadenofibroma

5.6 High-grade serous carcinoma vs Low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC)

5.7 High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with serous borderline tumor (SBT)–like pattern vs Serous borderline tumor (SBT)

5.8 High-grade serous carcinoma vs Carcinosarcoma (malignant müllerian mixed tumor; MMMT)

5.9 High-grade serous carcinoma vs High-grade endometrioid carcinoma

5.10 Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) vs MBT with intraepithelial carcinoma

5.11 Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) with microinvasion/microinvasive carcinoma vs MBT with gland rupture

5.12 Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT), intestinal type vs Invasive mucinous carcinoma, primary ovarian

5.13 Endometrioid borderline tumor (EBT) vs Endometrioid carcinoma, FIGO grade 1

5.14 Endometrioid carcinoma vs Metastatic colonic carcinoma

5.15 Endometrioid carcinoma vs Mucinous carcinoma, primary ovarian

5.16 Endometrioid carcinoma, sertoliform variant vs Sertoli cell tumor

5.17 Endometrioid carcinoma with spindled squamous component vs Carcinosarcoma (MMMT)

5.18 Endometrioid carcinoma vs Granulosa cell tumor, adult type

5.19 Endometrioid carcinoma with secretory features vs Yolk sac tumor

5.20 Clear cell carcinoma vs Yolk sac tumor

5.21 Serous borderline tumor (SBT) vs Clear cell carcinoma with papillary pattern

5.22 High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with clear cells vs Clear cell carcinoma (CCC)

5.23 Adenofibromatous clear cell carcinoma vs Sertoli cell tumor

5.24 Benign Brenner tumor vs Borderline Brenner tumor

5.25 Borderline Brenner tumor vs Malignant Brenner tumor

5.26 Immature teratoma, low-grade vs Mature cystic teratoma with nonimmature neuroepithelial tubules

5.27 Malignant sex cord-stromal tumor (adult granulosa cell tumor/poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor/unclassified sex cord-stromal tumor) vs Cellular fibroma

5.28 Adult granulosa cell tumor vs Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

5.29 Luteinized adult granulosa cell tumor vs Thecoma

5.30 Adult granulosa cell tumor with pseudopapillary pattern vs High-grade serous carcinoma

5.31 Cystic adult granulosa cell tumor vs Follicle cyst

5.32 Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) vs Small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type

5.33 Juvenile granulosa cell tumor vs Adult granulosa cell tumor

5.34 Pseudoendometrioid well-differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor vs Endometrioid carcinoma

5.35 Sertoli cell tumor vs Carcinoid tumor, primary ovarian

5.36 Adult granulosa cell tumor vs Carcinoid tumor, primary ovarian

5.37 Sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) vs Adult granulosa cell tumor with microfollicular pattern

5.38 Steroid (lipid) cell tumor vs Dysgerminoma

5.39 Steroid (lipid) cell tumor vs Clear cell carcinoma

5.40 Small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type vs Lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell, primary ovarian

5.41 Metastatic endometrioid adenocarcinoma of endometrial origin vs Endometrioid carcinoma, primary ovarian

5.42 Metastatic mucinous carcinoma of colonic origin vs Mucinous carcinoma, primary ovarian

5.43 Metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma, usual type vs Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) with intraepithelial carcinoma

5.44 Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma vs Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT)

5.45 Metastatic breast carcinoma vs Endometrioid carcinoma

5.46 Metastatic cervical HPV-unrelated adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum/minimal deviation adenocarcinoma/gastric-type adenocarcinoma) vs Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT)

5.47 Secondary ovarian involvement by low-grade mucinous neoplasm of appendix vs Mucinous borderline tumor (MBT)

5.48 Endometriotic cyst with epithelial atypia vs Endometriotic cyst with early clear cell carcinoma/intraepithelial clear cell carcinoma

5.49 Pregnancy luteoma vs Steroid (lipid) cell tumor

5.50 Stromal hyperthecosis vs Metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma

5.51 Mesonephric-like carcinoma vs Endometrioid carcinoma

CHAPTER 6 PERITONEUM/OMENTUM

6.1 Noninvasive implants associated with serous borderline tumor vs Endosalpingiosis

6.2 Noninvasive implants associated with serous borderline tumor vs Low-grade serous carcinoma (invasive implants)

6.3 Nondiagnostic low-grade serous proliferation vs Low-grade serous carcinoma

6.4 Well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor vs Low-grade serous neoplasms (serous borderline tumor/low-grade serous carcinoma)

6.5 High-grade serous carcinoma vs Malignant mesothelioma

6.6 Keratin granulomas vs Metastatic endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation

6.7 Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis vs Metastatic leiomyosarcoma

6.8 Florid mesothelial hyperplasia vs Secondary involvement by ovarian low-grade serous neoplasms (implants of serous borderline tumor/metastatic low-grade serous carcinoma)

6.9 Metastatic endometrioid carcinoma vs Endometriosis

CHAPTER 7 FALLOPIAN TUBE AND PARATUBAL REGION

7.1 Papillary tubal hyperplasia vs Normal tubal mucosa

7.2 Fallopian tube papilloma vs Well-differentiated tubal neoplasm (FIGO grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma/low-grade serous carcinoma/serous borderline tumor)

7.3 Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma vs Nondiagnostic mucosal atypia

7.4 Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma vs Mucosal transitional cell metaplasia

7.5 Secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT) vs Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma

7.6 Salpingitis isthmica nodosa vs Invasive carcinoma

7.7 Detached fragments of endometrial carcinoma within tubal lumen vs FIGO stage III endometrial carcinoma involving fallopian tube

7.8 Adenomatoid tumor vs Metastatic nongynecologic carcinoma

7.9 Metastatic nongynecologic carcinoma vs Primary tubal carcinoma

7.10 Female adnexal tumor of wolffian origin (FATWO) vs Endometrioid carcinoma

CHAPTER 8 GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE

8.1 Nonmolar hydropic abortus vs Partial hydatidiform mole

8.2 Partial mole vs Complete mole (including the early variant)

8.3 Early complete hydatidiform mole vs Nonmolar hydropic abortus

8.4 Complete hydatidiform mole with atypical trophoblastic hyperplasia vs Choriocarcinoma

8.5 Mosaic/chimeric conception vs Partial hydatidiform mole

8.6 Exaggerated implantation site vs Placental site trophoblastic tumor

8.7 Placental site nodule/plaque vs Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor

8.8 Placental site trophoblastic tumor vs Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor

8.9 Placental site trophoblastic tumor vs Leiomyosarcoma/atypical leiomyoma

8.10 Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor vs Squamous cell carcinoma

8.11 Choriocarcinoma vs Intermediate trophoblastic tumor

8.12 Choriocarcinoma vs Poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma

Index