Clinical Anesthesia Fundamentals: Print + Virtual version with Multimedia

 

Description:

Part of the popular and well-regarded Clinical Anesthesia family of titles, and founded by Drs. Paul G. Barash, Bruce F. Cullen, and Robert K. Stoelting, Clinical Anesthesia Fundamentals, Second Edition, is a concise, highly visual resource covering the core concepts in anesthesiology. The editorial board comprised of Drs. Bruce F. Cullen, M. Christine Stock, Rafael Ortega, Sam R. Sharar, Natalie F. Holt, Christopher W. Connor, and Naveen Nathan, and their team of expert contributors clearly and simply present the information you need on key aspects of anesthesia for every specialty area and key organ systems. From physiology and pharmacology to anatomy and system-based anesthesia, it uses full-color graphics, easy-to-read tables, and clear, concise text to convey the essential principles of the field.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Digital Contents

SECTION I: Introduction

1. History and Future

Introduction

I. Pain and Antiquity

II. Inhaled Anesthetics

A. Nitrous Oxide

B. Diethyl Ether

C. The Ether Controversy

D. Spread of Ether

E. Chloroform

F. Critics of Anesthesia

G. The Birth of Modern Surgical Anesthesia

H. Modern Inhaled Anesthetics

III. Intravenous Anesthetics and Regional Anesthesia

A. Intravenous Anesthesia

B. Regional Anesthesia

IV. Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents

V. Anesthesiology as a Medical Specialty

VI. Modern Anesthesiology Practice

Interactive Video Lecture 1.1 History and Future

Chapter 1. Multiple Choice Question

SECTION II: Scientific and Technical Foundations of Anesthesia

PART A: Core Organ Functions: Anatomy & Physiology

2. The Respiratory System

I. Muscles of Ventilation

A. Diaphragm

B. Accessory Muscles

II. Structures of the Lung

A. Thoracic Cavity and Pleura

B. Airways

C. Vasculature

III. Breathing and Lung Mechanics

A. Spontaneous Ventilation

B. Mechanical Ventilation

C. Movement of the Lung Parenchyma

D. Elastic Resistance

E. Surface Tension

F. Compliance

G. Transpulmonary Pressure

IV. Resistance to Gas Flow

A. Laminar Flow

B. Turbulent Flow

V. Ventilation

A. Respiratory Centers

B. Chemical Ventilatory Control

VI. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

A. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in Lungs

B. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in Blood

VII. Ventilation and Perfusion

A. Ventilation and Perfusion Distribution

B. Ventilation and Perfusion Relationship

VIII. Tissue Oxygenation Assessment

IX. Lung Volumes

A. Functional Residual Capacity

B. Closing Capacity

C. Vital Capacity

X. Pulmonary Function Testing

A. Forced Vital Capacity

B. Forced Expiratory Volume

C. FEV1/FVC Ratio

D. Forced Expiratory Flow

E. Maximal Voluntary Ventilation

F. Flow-Volume Loops

G. Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity

XI. Preoperative Pulmonary Assessment

XII. Anesthetic Considerations in Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Disease

A. Obstructive Lung Disease

B. Restrictive Disease

XIII. Postoperative Pulmonary Function and Complications

A. Postoperative Pulmonary Function

B. Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

Infographic 2.1 A Closer Look at Positive Pressure Ventilation

Interactive Video Lecture 2.1 The Respiratory System

Interactive Video Lecture 2.2 The Respiratory System

Interactive Video Lecture 2.3 The Respiratory System

Chapter 2. Multiple Choice Question

3. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

I. Cardiac Anatomy

II. The Cardiac Cycle

III. Control of Heart Rate

IV. Coronary Physiology

V. The Pressure-Volume Diagram

VI. Factors That Determine Systolic Function

A. Left Ventricular Pump

B. Cardiac Output and Ejection Fraction

C. Heart Rate

D. Preload

E. Afterload

F. Myocardial Contractility

VII. Factors That Determine Diastolic Function

A. Heart Chambers

B. Left Ventricular Response to Load

C. Invasive Assessment of Diastolic Function

D. Noninvasive Assessment of Diastolic Function

VIII. Blood Pressure

A. Systemic, Pulmonary, and Venous

B. Vascular Resistance

C. Baroreceptor Function

IX. Venous Return

A. Vascular Compliance, Capacitance, and Control

B. Muscle Action, Intrathoracic Pressure, and Body Position

C. Blood Volume and Distribution

X. Microcirculation

A. Capillary Diffusion, Oncotic Pressure, and Starling Law

B. Precapillary and Postcapillary Sphincter Control

C. Viscosity and Rheology

Infographic 3.1 Cardiovascular Physiology At A Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 3.1 Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

Interactive Video Lecture 3.2 Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 3. Multiple Choice Question

4. Central and Autonomic Nervous System

I. The Central Nervous System

A. Cerebrospinal Fluid

B. Spinal Cord

II. The Autonomic Nervous System

A. Sympathetic Division

B. Parasympathetic Division

C. Autonomic Nervous System Transmission Process

D. Autonomic Neurotransmitters

E. Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors

Infographic 4.1 Neurophysiology At A Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 4.1 Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems

Chapter 4. Multiple Choice Question

5. The Renal System

I. Renal Anatomy and Physiology

A. Anatomy

B. Physiology: Correlation of Structure and Function

C. Glomerular Filtration Rate

D. Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

E. Tubular Reabsorption of Sodium and Water

F. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

G. Renal Vasodilator Response

II. Clinical Assessment of the Kidney

A. Glomerular Filtration Rate

B. Serum Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance

C. Urinalysis and Urine Characteristics

D. Novel Markers of Kidney Injury

III. Acute Kidney Injury

IV. Chronic Kidney Disease

A. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure

B. Anesthetic Drugs in CKD

C. Management of Anesthesia for Patients With Renal Disease

V. Diuretic Drugs: Effects and Mechanisms

A. The Physiologic Basis of Diuretic Action

Infographic 5.1 A Closer Look At Renal Protection

Interactive Video Lecture 5.1 Renal System

Chapter 5. Multiple Choice Question

6. Liver Anatomy and Physiology

I. Gross Anatomy

II. Microscopic Anatomy

III. Hepatic Blood Supply

A. Hepatic Autonomic System

B. Lymphatic System

IV. Hepatic Metabolic, Synthetic, and Excretory Functions

V. Assessment of Hepatic Function

VI. Metabolism and Drug Disposition

Infographic 6.1 A Closer Look At Hepatic Blood Flow and Clearance

Interactive Video Lecture 6.1 Liver Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 6. Multiple Choice Question

PART B: Pharmacology

7. Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

I. Principles of Pharmacokinetics

A. Drug Absorption and Routes of Drug Administration

B. Drug Distribution, Elimination, and Biotransformation

C. Pharmacokinetic Concepts

D. Mathematical Concepts in Pharmacokinetics

E. Physiologic Versus Compartmental Models

F. Multicompartmental Models

II. Principles of Pharmacodynamics

A. Modeling From Concentration to Effect

B. Dose-Response Relationships

C. Therapeutic Thresholds and Therapeutic Windows

III. Anesthetic Drug Interactions

A. Pharmacokinetic Interactions

B. Pharmacodynamic Interactions

C. Unintended Toxicity

Infographic 7.1. Pharmacokinetics At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 7.1 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Chapter 7. Multiple Choice Question

8. Inhaled Anesthetics

I. Pharmacologic Principles

A. Terminology

B. Classification of Inhaled Anesthetics

C. Physical Characteristics of Inhaled Anesthetics

II. Uptake and Distribution of Inhaled Anesthetic Agents

A. Alveolar/Inspired Anesthetic Concentration

B. Concentration Effect and Overpressurization

C. Second Gas Effect

D. Distribution

E. Metabolism

III. Neuropharmacology of Inhaled Anesthetics

IV. Cardiovascular Effects

V. Respiratory Effects

VI. Effects on Other Organ Systems

VII. Potential Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics

VIII. The Nonvolatile Anesthetics

A. Nitrous Oxide

B. Xenon

IX. Clinical Use of Inhaled Anesthetics

Infographic 8.1 Inhaled Anesthetics At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 8.1 Inhalational Anesthetic Agents

Chapter 8. Multiple Choice Question

9. Intravenous Anesthetics and Sedatives

I. General Pharmacology of IV Anesthetics

A. Mechanism of Action

B. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism

C. Pharmacodynamic Effects

D. Hypersensitivity (Allergic) Reactions

II. Comparative Physiochemical and Clinical Pharmacologic Properties

A. Barbiturates

B. Propofol

C. Benzodiazepines

D. Etomidate

E. Ketamine

F. Dexmedetomidine

III. Clinical Use of IV Anesthetics

A. Use of IV Anesthetics as Induction Agents

B. Use of IV Drugs for Maintenance of Anesthesia

C. Use of IV Anesthetics for Sedation

Infographic 9.1 A Closer Look at Propofol

Interactive Video Lecture 9.1 Intravenous Anesthetics and Sedatives

Chapter 9. Multiple Choice Question

10. Analgesics

I. Brief History and Overview

II. Nonopioid Analgesics

A. Acetaminophen

B. Acetylsalicylic Acid

C. Other NSAIDs

D. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists

E. α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine

III. Novel Nonopioid Analgesics and Future Directions

A. Cannabinoids

B. Esmolol

C. Antidepressants

D. Anticonvulsants

IV. Opioid Analgesics

A. Endogenous Opioids

B. Opioid Receptors

C. Mechanism of Opioid Analgesia

D. Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia, Tolerance, and Dependence

E. Routes of Administration

F. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

G. Therapeutic Effects

H. Adverse Effects

I. Metabolism and Active Metabolites

J. Drug Interactions

K. Pharmacogenetics and Special Populations

L. Indications, Doses, and Special Considerations

M. Reversal Agents and Associated Effects

Infographic 10.1 Perioperative Multimodal Analgesia At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 10.1 Analgesics

Interactive Video Lecture 10.2 Analgesics

Chapter 10. Multiple Choice Question

11. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

I. History and Introduction

A. Morphology of the Neuromuscular Junction

B. Presynaptic Events: Mobilization and Release of Acetylcholine

C. Postsynaptic Events

D. Receptor Up- and Downregulation

II. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

A. Pharmacologic Characteristics of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

III. Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs: Succinylcholine

A. Neuromuscular Effects

B. Characteristics of Depolarizing Blockade

C. Pharmacology of Succinylcholine

D. Side Effects

E. Clinical Uses

F. Contraindications to Use of Succinylcholine

IV. Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

A. Characteristics of Nondepolarizing Blockade

B. Pharmacology of Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

C. Onset and Duration of Action

D. Nondepolarizing Agents

V. Drug Interactions

A. Additive and Synergistic Effects

B. Antagonism

C. Potentiation

VI. Altered Responses to Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

VII. Monitoring Neuromuscular Blockade

A. Subjective Evaluation and Quantitative Monitoring

B. Monitoring Modalities

C. Quantitative Monitoring

D. Differential Muscle Sensitivity

E. Clinical Applications

VIII. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade

A. Residual Neuromuscular Blockade

B. Anticholinesterase Agents

C. Factors Affecting Neostigmine Reversal

D. Neostigmine: Other Effects

E. Selective Relaxant Binding Agents: Sugammadex

IX. Conclusion

Infographic 11.1 A Closer Look at Sugammadex

Interactive Video Lecture 11.1 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Chapter 11. Multiple Choice Question

12. Local Anesthetics

Introduction

I. Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics

A. Anatomy of Nerves

B. Electrophysiology of Neural Conduction and Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

C. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Interactions With Local Anesthetics

D. Mechanisms of Nerve Block

II. Local Anesthetic Pharmacodynamics

A. Physiochemical Properties and Relationship to Activity and Potency

B. Additives to Augment Local Anesthetic Activity

III. Local Anesthetic Pharmacokinetics

A. Systemic Absorption

B. Distribution

C. Elimination

D. Clinical Pharmacokinetics

IV. Toxicity of Local Anesthetics

A. Central Nervous System Toxicity

B. Cardiovascular System Toxicity

C. Treatment of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

D. Neural Toxicity and Myotoxicity

E. Allergic Reactions

V. Local Anesthetic Agents and Their Common Clinical Applications

A. Aminoamide Local Anesthetics

B. Aminoester Local Anesthetics

Infographic 12.1 Local Anesthetic Toxicity At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 12.1 Local Anesthetics

Chapter 12. Multiple Choice Question

13. Cardiovascular Pharmacology

I. Catecholamines

A. Epinephrine

B. Norepinephrine

C. Dopamine

D. Dobutamine

E. Isoproterenol

II. Sympathomimetics

A. Ephedrine

B. Phenylephrine

III. Milrinone

IV. Levosimendan

V. Vasopressin

VI. Antihypertensive Medications

A. β-Blockers

B. Nitrovasodilators

C. Hydralazine

D. Calcium Channel Antagonists

Interactive Video Lecture 13.1 Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Interactive Video Lecture 13.2 Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Interactive Video Lecture 13.3 Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Chapter 13. Multiple Choice Question

PART C: Technology

14. The Anesthesia Workstation

I. Functional Anatomy of the Anesthesia Workstation

II. Delivery of Gases: High-, Intermediate-, and Low-Pressure Systems

A. Flowmeters

B. Flush Actuator and One-Way Check Valve

C. Safeguards in the Delivery of Medical Gases

D. Anesthetic Vaporizers

E. Desflurane and the Tec 6 Vaporizer

III. Anesthesia Breathing Systems

A. Impact of Fresh Gas Flow

B. Unidirectional Valves

C. Adjustable Pressure-Limiting Valve

D. The Breathing Bag

E. Carbon Dioxide Absorbents

F. End-Tidal Gas Monitoring, Oxygen Analyzer, and Spirometry

G. Mechanical Ventilators

H. Modern Anesthesia Machines

IV. Scavenging Systems

V. Anesthesia Workstation Preuse Checkout

Infographic 14.1 A Closer Look at ASA Preanesthesia Checkout

Interactive Video Lecture 14.1 The Anesthesia Workstation

Interactive Video Lecture 14.2 The Anesthesia Workstation

Chapter 14. Multiple Choice Question

15. Standard Anesthesia Monitoring Techniques and Instruments

I. Basic Anesthesia Monitoring

A. Oxygenation

B. Ventilation

C. Circulation

D. Temperature

II. Common Additional Monitors

A. Urine Output

B. Neuromuscular Blockade

C. Neurologic Monitoring

III. Advanced Hemodynamic Monitors

A. Invasive Monitoring of Systemic Blood Pressure

B. Central Venous Pressure Monitoring

C. Pulmonary Artery Catheter

D. Noninvasive Cardiac Output and Volume Assessment

E. Transesophageal Echocardiography

Infographic 15.1 A Closer Look at Blood Pressure Monitoring

Interactive Video Lecture 15.1 Standard Anesthesia Monitoring Techniques and Instruments

Chapter 15. Multiple Choice Question

SECTION III: Clinical Practice of Anesthesia

16. Preoperative Evaluation and Management

I. Approach to the Patient

A. Planned Surgery and Its Indication

B. Present and Past Medical History

C. Current Medications and Drug Allergies

D. Social History

E. Response to Prior Anesthetics

F. Focused Physical Examination

II. Evaluation of the Patient With Known Systemic Disease

A. Cardiovascular Disease

B. Pulmonary Disease

C. Endocrine Disease

III. Perioperative Laboratory Testing

IV. Preparation for Anesthesia

A. Fasting Guidelines

B. Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration

V. Preoperative Medication

A. Benzodiazepines

B. Antihistamines

C. Antisialagogues

D. Antiemetics

E. Preemptive Analgesia

IV. Antibiotic Prophylaxis

A. Surgical Prehabilitation

Infographic 16.1 A Closer Look at Preoperative Cardiac Ultrasound

Interactive Video Lecture 16.1 Preoperative Evaluation and Management

Interactive Video Lecture 16.2 Preoperative Evaluation and Management

Chapter 16. Multiple Choice Question

17. Coexisting Diseases Impacting Anesthetic Management

I. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A. Management of Anesthesia

II. The Myotonias

A. Management of Anesthesia

III. Familial Periodic Paralysis

A. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

B. Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

C. Management of Anesthesia

IV. Myasthenia Gravis

A. Myasthenic Syndrome (Lambert-Eaton Syndrome)

V. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (Polyradiculoneuritis)

A. Management of Anesthesia

VI. Central Nervous System Diseases

A. Multiple Sclerosis

B. Epilepsy

C. Alzheimer Disease

D. Parkinson Disease

VII. Inherited Disorders

A. Malignant Hyperthermia

B. Porphyria

C. Cholinesterase Disorders

D. Glycogen Storage Diseases

E. Osteogenesis Imperfecta

VIII. Anemias

A. Nutritional Deficiency Anemias

B. Hemolytic Anemias

C. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

D. Hemoglobinopathies

IX. Collagen Vascular Diseases

A. Rheumatoid Arthritis

B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

C. Systemic Sclerosis

D. Inflammatory Myopathies

X. Skin Disorders

A. Epidermolysis Bullosa

B. Pemphigus Vulgaris

Infographic 17.1 A Closer Look at Malignant Hyperthermia

Interactive Video Lecture 17.1 Coexisting Diseases Impacting Anesthetic Management

Interactive Video Lecture 17.2 Coexisting Diseases Impacting Anesthetic Management

Chapter 17. Multiple Choice Question

18. Endocrine Function

I. Integrated Physiology

II. Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex

A. Anterior Pituitary

B. Posterior Pituitary

III. Thyroid Gland

A. Thyroid Hormone Metabolism

B. Physiologic Effects of Thyroid Hormone

C. Tests of Thyroid Function

D. Hyperthyroidism

E. Hypothyroidism

F. Anesthetic Priorities in Thyroid Surgery

IV. Adrenal Gland

A. Adrenal Cortex

B. Adrenal Medulla

V. Calcium Homeostasis

A. Hyperparathyroidism

B. Hypoparathyroidism

C. Anesthetic Implications of Parathyroid Surgery

VI. Diabetes Mellitus

A. Physiology

B. Classification

C. Diagnosis

D. Treatment

E. Anesthetic Management

F. Diabetic Emergencies

VII. Endocrine Response to Surgery

Interactive Video Lecture 18.1 Endocrine Function

Chapter 18. Multiple Choice Question

19. General Anesthesia

I. Purpose/Goals of an Anesthetic

A. What Is Anesthesia?

B. Who Gives Anesthesia?

C. What Are the Risks of Anesthesia?

II. Preoperative Evaluation

A. Patient Assessment

B. Anesthetic Plan

C. Nil Per Os Status

D. Informed Consent

E. Premedication

III. Intraoperative Management

A. Monitoring

B. Time Out

C. Induction

D. Airway

E. The Anesthesia Record

F. Maintenance

G. Fluid Management

H. Temperature

I. Emergence

IV. Postoperative Care

V. Summary

Interactive Video Lecture 19.1 General Anesthesia

Chapter 19. Multiple Choice Question

20. Airway Management

I. Airway Anatomy

II. Patient History and Physical Examination

III. Clinical Management of the Airway

A. Preoxygenation

B. Facemask Ventilation

C. Patient Positioning

D. Difficult Mask Ventilation

E. Supraglottic Airways

F. Tracheal Intubation

G. Control of Gastric Contents

H. Intubating SGAs

I. Extubation of the Trachea

J. The Difficult Airway Algorithm

K. Awake Airway Management

L. The Flexible Intubation Scope in Airway Management

M. The SGAs in the Failed Airway

N. Transtracheal Procedures

Infographic 20.1 Airway Management At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 20.1 Airway Management

Chapter 20. Multiple Choice Question

21. Regional Anesthesia

I. General Principles and Equipment

A. Setup and Monitoring

B. Peripheral Nerve Stimulators

C. Ultrasound Guidance

D. Other Related Equipment

II. Avoiding Complications

III. Specific Techniques for the Head, Neck, Upper Extremities, and Trunk

A. Head and Neck

B. Supraorbital and Supratrochlear Nerve Blocks

C. Brachial Plexus Blockade

D. Terminal Upper Extremity Nerve Blocks

E. Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

F. Intercostal Nerve Blocks

G. Paravertebral Nerve Blocks

H. Erector Spinae Plane Block

I. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block

J. Inguin al Nerve Block

IV. Anatomic Considerations for Lower Extremity Blockade

A. Lumbar Plexus

B. Sacral Plexus

V. Specific Techniques for the Lower Extremities

A. Psoas Compartment Block

B. Femoral Nerve Block

C. Saphenous Nerve Block

D. Sciatic Nerve Block

E. Ankle Block

Infographic 21.1 A Closer Look at Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 21.1 Regional Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 21.2 Regional Anesthesia

Chapter 21. Multiple Choice Question

22. Patient Positioning and Potential Injuries

I. Anesthesia and Sedation: So Different Than Regular Sleep

II. Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Injury

A. Stretch

B. Compression

III. Common Perioperative Neuropathies

A. Upper Extremity Neuropathies

B. Lower Extremity Neuropathies

IV. Practical Considerations to Prevent Perioperative Peripheral Neuropathies

V. Unique Positioning Problems With Catastrophic Results

A. Spinal Cord Ischemia With Hyperlordosis

B. Thoracic Outlet Obstruction

C. Steep Head-Down Positions

D. Steep Head-Up Positions

E. Soft Tissue Problems

VI. Summary

Infographic 22.1 Perioperative Nerve Injuries At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 22.1 Patient Positioning and Potential Injuries

Chapter 22. Multiple Choice Question

23. Fluids and Electrolytes

I. Acid-Base Interpretation and Treatment

A. Overview of Acid-Base Equilibrium

B. Metabolic Acidosis

C. Metabolic Alkalosis

D. Respiratory Acidosis

E. Respiratory Alkalosis

F. Physiologic Compensation of Acid-Base Disorders

II. Practical Approach to Acid-Base Interpretation

III. Physiology of Fluid Management

A. Body Fluid Compartments

B. Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume

C. Distribution of Infused Fluids

IV. Fluid Replacement Therapy

A. Maintenance Requirements for Water, Sodium, and Potassium

B. Glucose Requirements and Dextrose

C. Surgical Fluid Requirements

V. Colloids, Crystalloid, and Hypertonic Solutions

A. Physiology and Pharmacology

B. Clinical Implications of Choosing Crystalloid or Colloid

C. Implications of Crystalloid and Colloid Solutions on Intracranial Pressure

D. Implications of Isotonic Fluid Choice

E. Clinical Implications of Hypertonic Fluid Administration

VI. Fluid Status: Assessment and Monitoring

A. Conventional Clinical Assessment

B. Intraoperative Clinical Assessment

C. Oxygen Delivery as a Goal of Management

VII. Electrolytes

A. Physiologic Role of Electrolytes

B. Sodium

C. Potassium

D. Calcium

E. Magnesium

Infographic 23.1 A Closer Look at Metabolic Acidosis

Interactive Video Lecture 23.1 Fluids and Electrolytes

Interactive Video Lecture 23.2 Fluids and Electrolytes

Chapter 23. Multiple Choice Question

24. Blood Therapy

I. Blood-Product Transfusion

A. Component Therapy and Indications for Transfusion

II. Blood Compatibility

III. Blood Administration

IV. Transfusion Reactions

V. Perioperative Alternatives to Transfusion

VI. Primary Hemostasis

A. Secondary Hemostasis

B. Fibrinolysis

C. Regulation of Hemostasis

VII. Pharmacology

Infographic 24.1 Blood Therapy At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 24.1 Blood Therapy

Interactive Video Lecture 24.2 Blood Therapy

Chapter 24. Multiple Choice Question

25. Ambulatory Anesthesia, Monitored Anesthesia Care, and Office-Based Anesthesia

I. Monitored Anesthesia Care

A. Terminology

B. Preoperative Assessment

C. Techniques of MAC

D. Specific Drugs Used During MAC

E. Patient-Controlled Analgesia and Sedation

F. Respiratory Function and Sedative-Hypnotics

G. Monitoring During MAC

H. Sedation and Analgesia by Nonanesthesiologists

II. Ambulatory Anesthesia

A. Patient and Procedure Selection

B. Preoperative Evaluation

C. Managing the Anesthetic: Premedication

D. Intraoperative Management: Choice of Anesthetic Method

E. Postanesthesia Care

III. Office-Based Anesthesia

A. Patient Selection and Preoperative Management

B. Equipment and Monitoring

C. Safety and Organization

D. Anesthetic Management

IV. Conclusion

Infographic 25.1 A Closer Look at Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Interactive Video Lecture 25.1 Ambulatory Anesthesia, Monitored Anesthesia Care, and Office-Based Anesthesia

Chapter 25. Multiple Choice Question

26. Orthopedic Anesthesia

I. Preoperative Assessment

II. Enhanced Recovery Pathways

III. Spine and Spinal Cord Pathology

A. Spinal Cord Injuries

B. Scoliosis

C. Degenerative Vertebral Column Disease

D. Anesthesia for Spine Surgery

E. Spinal Cord Monitoring

F. Blood Transfusion Strategies

G. Visual Loss After Spine Surgery

H. Venous Air Embolism

I. Postoperative Care

J. Neuraxial and Regional Anesthesia for Spine Surgery

IV. Anesthesia for Extremity Surgery

A. Choice of Anesthetic Technique

V. Surgery to the Upper Extremities

A. Surgery to the Shoulder and Upper Arm

B. Surgery to the Elbow

C. Surgery to the Wrist and Hand

VI. Surgery to the Lower Extremities

A. Surgery to the Hip

B. Surgery to the Knee

C. Surgery to the Ankle and Foot

VII. Postoperative Regional and Multimodal Analgesia

VIII. Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery

IX. Other Considerations and Complications

A. Tourniquet Management

B. Fat Embolus Syndrome

C. Methyl Methacrylate

D. Venous Thromboembolism and Antithrombotic Prophylaxis

Infographic 26.1 A Closer Look at Regional Anesthesia and Anticoagulation

Interactive Video Lecture 26.1 Spine and Orthopedic Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 26.2 Spine and Orthopedic Anesthesia

Chapter 26. Multiple Choice Question

27. Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeries

I. Surgical Techniques

II. Physiologic Effects

A. Systemic Cardiovascular Effects

B. Regional Perfusion

C. Respiratory Effects

III. Anesthetic Management

A. Patient Selection

B. Induction of Anesthesia and Airway Management

C. Maintenance of Anesthesia

IV. Pain Prevention

V. Intraoperative Complications

A. Cardiopulmonary Complications

B. Surgical Complications

C. Hypothermia

D. Complications Related to Positioning

VI. Postoperative Considerations

VII. Ambulatory Laparoscopic Procedures

VIII. Summary

Infographic 27.1 Complications of Laparoscopy At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 27.1 Anesthesia for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeries

Chapter 27. Multiple Choice Question

28. Anesthetic Considerations for Patients With Obesity, Hepatic Disease, and Other Gastrointestinal Issues

I. Obesity

A. Pathophysiology

B. Pharmacologic Principles

C. Preoperative Evaluation

D. Preoperative Planning and Type of Anesthetic

E. Intraoperative Considerations

F. Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery

G. Postoperative Management, Critical Care, and Resuscitation

II. Hepatic Disease

A. Assessment of Hepatic Function

B. Hepatic and Hepatobiliary Diseases

C. Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

D. Preoperative Evaluation

E. Intraoperative Management

F. Specific Procedures

G. Hepatic Transplantation

III. Anesthetic Management for Gastrointestinal Surgery

A. Pharmacology

B. Pulmonary Function

C. Mechanical Obstruction and Paralytic Ileus

D. Bowel Perforation and Peritonitis

Infographic 28.1 A Closer Look at Liver Disease and Hemostasis

Interactive Video Lecture 28.1 Anesthetic Considerations for Obesity

Interactive Video Lecture 28.2 Anesthetic Considerations in Hepatic Disease, and Other Gastrointestinal Issues

Chapter 28. Multiple Choice Question

29. Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic and Ophthalmic Surgery

ANESTHESIA FOR OTOLARYNGOLOGIC SURGERY

I. General Considerations

II. Anesthetic Considerations in the Pediatric Population

A. Anatomy and Physiology

B. Myringotomy and Tube Insertion

C. Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

D. Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage

E. Emergencies/Stridor

III. Anesthesia for Adult Otolaryngologic Surgery

A. Middle Ear and Mastoid

B. Nasal and Sinus Surgery

C. Maxillofacial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery

D. Craniofacial Bone Structure

E. Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy

F. Surgery of the Airway

G. Infection

H. Neck Dissections and Free Flaps

IV. Extubation

ANESTHESIA FOR OPHTHALMIC SURGERY

I. Ocular Anatomy

II. Ocular Physiology

A. Formation and Drainage of Aqueous Humor

B. Maintenance of IOP

C. Oculocardiac Reflex

III. Glaucoma

IV. Anesthetic Implications of Ophthalmic Drugs

A. Anticholinesterase Agents

B. Cyclopentolate

C. Epinephrine

D. Phenylephrine

E. Topical Beta Blockers

F. Intraocular Sulfur Hexafluoride

G. Systemic Drugs

V. Preoperative Evaluation

VI. Anesthetic Techniques

A. Retrobulbar, Peribulbar, and Sub-Tenon Blocks

B. Topical Anesthesia

C. Choice of Local Anesthetic, Block Adjuvants, and Adjuncts

D. Monitored Anesthesia Care

E. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery

VII. Anesthetic Management of Specific Situations

A. Open Eye-Full Stomach

B. Strabismus Surgery

C. Intraocular Surgery

D. Retinal Detachment Surgery

VIII. Perioperative Ocular Complications

A. Corneal Abrasion

B. Perioperative Visual Loss

Infographic 29.1 A Closer Look at Intraocular Pressure and Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 29.1 Anesthesia for Otolaryngologic Surgery

Interactive Video Lecture 29.2 Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery

Chapter 29. Multiple Choice Question

30. Anesthesia for Neurosurgery

I. Neuroanatomy

II. Neurophysiology

III. Pathophysiology

IV. Monitoring

A. CNS Function

B. Influence of Anesthetic Technique

V. Cerebral Perfusion

A. Processed EEG Monitoring

B. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography

C. ICP Monitoring

D. Cerebral Oxygenation and Metabolism Monitors

VI. Cerebral Protection

A. Ischemic and Reperfusion

B. Hypothermia

C. Medical Therapy for Cerebral Protection

D. Glucose and Cerebral Ischemia

E. A Practical Approach

VII. Anesthetic Management

A. Preoperative Evaluation

B. Induction of Anesthesia and Airway Management

C. Maintenance of Anesthesia

D. Ventilation Management

E. Fluids and Electrolytes

F. Transfusion Therapy

G. Glucose Management

H. Emergence

VIII. Common Surgical Procedures

A. Surgery for Tumors

B. Pituitary Surgery

C. Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery and Endovascular Treatment

D. Arteriovenous Malformations

E. Carotid Surgery

F. Epilepsy Surgery and Awake Craniotomy

G. Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

IX. Anesthesia and Traumatic Brain Injury

A. Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury

B. Anesthetic Management

X. Anesthesia for Spine Trauma and Complex Spine Surgery

A. Spinal Cord Injury

B. Comorbid Injuries

C. Initial Management

D. Intraoperative Management

E. Complications of Anesthesia for Spine Surgery

Interactive Video Lecture 30.1 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery

Interactive Video Lecture 30.2 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery

Interactive Video Lecture 30.3 Anesthesia for Neurosurgery

Chapter 30. Multiple Choice Question

31. Obstetrical Anesthesia

I. Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy

A. Hematologic Changes

B. Cardiovascular Changes

C. Respiratory Changes

D. Airway Changes

E. Gastrointestinal Changes

F. Neurologic and Musculoskeletal Changes

G. Endocrine Changes

H. Renal and Hepatic Changes

II. Uteroplacental and Fetal Circulation

III. Pain Pathways in Labor, Anatomy of the Spine, and Neuraxial Analgesia and Anesthesia

IV. Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery

A. Postoperative Analgesia

V. Fetal Assessment and Neonatal Resuscitation

A. Intrauterine Resuscitation

B. Ancillary Fetal Testing

VI. Comorbidities and Obstetric Diseases

A. Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Disorders

B. Diabetes Mellitus

C. Obesity

D. Fever and Infection

E. Epidural Fever

F. Bleeding Disorders

VII. Emergencies

A. Cardiopulmonary Arrest

B. Maternal Mortality

VIII. Complications of Neuraxial Anesthesia

A. Postdural Puncture Headache or Epidural Blood Patch

B. Local Anesthetic Overdose

C. Nerve Damage

D. Neuraxial Hematoma or Abscess

IX. Anesthesia for Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy

Infographic 31.1 Neuraxial Anesthesia for Cesarean Section At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 31.1 Obstetric Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 31.2 Obstetric Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 31.3 Obstetric Anesthesia

Chapter 31. Multiple Choice Question

32. Trauma and Burn Anesthesia

I. Initial Trauma Evaluation and Resuscitation

A. Airway Management With Restriction of Cervical Spine Motion

B. Breathing/Ventilation

C. Circulation and Hemorrhage Control

D. Disability (Neurologic Evaluation and Management)

E. Exposure and Environment Control

F. Interdisciplinary, Team-Based Management

II. Operative Management: General Considerations

A. Monitoring

B. Anesthetic and Adjunct Drugs

C. Induction and Airway Management

D. Hypotension

E. Hypothermia

F. Coagulation Abnormalities

G. Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances

III. Anesthetic Management of Specific Injuries

A. Traumatic Brain Injuries or Head Injury

B. Spine and Spinal Cord Injury

C. Soft Tissue Neck Injury

D. Chest Injury

E. Abdominal and Pelvic Injuries

F. Extremity Injuries

G. Open Globe Injuries

IV. Burn Injuries

A. Initial Evaluation and Management of Burn Injuries

B. Burn Severity Estimation

C. Inhalation Injury

D. Fluid Resuscitation

E. Perioperative Management of Burn-Injured Patients

V. Disaster Preparedness

A. Mass Casualties

B. Biologic, Chemical, and Nuclear Warfare

Interactive Video Lecture 32.1 Trauma and Burn Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 32.2 Trauma and Burn Anesthesia

Chapter 32. Multiple Choice Question

33. Neonatal and Pediatric Anesthesia

I. Physiology

A. Cardiovascular System

B. Pulmonary System

C. Renal System

D. Hepatic System

E. Central Nervous System

II. Pharmacology

III. Equipment

IV. Perioperative Management

A. Preoperative Assessment

B. Fasting Guidelines

C. Preoperative Anxiolysis

D. Induction of Anesthesia

E. Pediatric Airway Management

V. Temperature Management

VI. Fluid and Blood Management

A. Intravenous Fluid Requirements

B. Blood Loss Replacement and Transfusion

C. Regional Anesthesia

VII. Surgical Procedure Considerations

A. Myelomeningocele

B. Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts

C. Craniofacial Surgery

D. Tonsillectomy

E. Cleft Lip and Palate

F. Diaphragmatic Hernia

G. Anterior Mediastinal Mass

H. Tracheoesophageal Fistula or Esophageal Atresia

I. Pyloric Stenosis

J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis

K. Omphalocele and Gastroschisis

L. Scoliosis

VIII. Common Pediatric Perioperative Complications

A. Postoperative Apnea

B. Laryngospasm

C. Postextubation Stridor

D. Emergence Agitation or Delirium

IX. Outpatient Procedures or Ambulatory Surgery

A. Indications and Contraindications

Infographic 33.1 A Closer Look at Anesthesia and Premature Infants

Interactive Video Lecture 33.1 Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 33.2 Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 33.3 Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia

Chapter 33. Multiple Choice Question

34. Anesthesia for the Older Patient

I. Physiology of Organ Aging

A. Cardiovascular Aging

B. Pulmonary Aging

C. Metabolic Changes, Liver, and Kidney Aging

D. Central Nervous System Aging

II. Conduct of Anesthesia

A. Frailty, Disability, and Comorbidity

B. Preoperative Assessment

C. Polypharmacy

D. Malnutrition

E. Neurocognitive Decline and Depression

F. Frailty

G. Prehabilitation

III. Intraoperative Management

A. Drug Pharmacology and Aging

B. Choice of Anesthetic Technique

C. Blood Pressure Management

D. Fluids and Transfusion Management

E. Thermoregulation

F. Mechanical Ventilation

G. Delirium Prevention

IV. Postoperative Care and Complications

A. Pain Control

B. Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders

C. Postoperative Delirium or Delayed Cognitive Recovery

D. Postoperative Cognitive Decline

V. The Future

Chapter 34. Multiple Choice Question

35. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

I. Preoperative Assessment

A. Lung Mechanical Function

B. Lung Parenchymal Function

C. Cardiopulmonary Interaction

D. Cardiac Investigations

E. Common Pathologies and Comorbidities

II. Intraoperative Management

A. Monitoring

B. Physiology of OLV

C. Indications for OLV

D. Methods of Lung Isolation

E. Management of OLV

F. Management of Hypoxemia on OLV

III. Common Procedures and Pathologies

A. Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

B. Rigid Bronchoscopy

C. Mediastinoscopy

D. Pulmonary Resection

E. Esophageal Surgery

F. Tracheal Resection

G. Bronchopleural Fistula

H. Bronchiectasis, Lung Abscess, and Empyema

I. Mediastinal Masses

J. Myasthenia Gravis

IV. Postoperative Management

A. Pain Management

B. Complications

Infographic 35.1 A Closer Look at Ventilation and Perfusion

Interactive Video Lecture 35.1 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

Interactive Video Lecture 35.2 Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

Chapter 35. Multiple Choice Question

36. Cardiac Anesthesia

I. Coronary Artery Disease

A. Myocardial Oxygen Demand

B. Myocardial Oxygen Supply

C. Monitoring for Ischemia

D. Treatment of Ischemia

II. Valvular Heart Disease

A. Aortic Stenosis

B. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

C. Aortic Insufficiency

D. Mitral Stenosis

E. Mitral Regurgitation

III. Aortic Diseases

A. Aortic Dissection

B. Aortic Aneurysm

IV. Cardiopulmonary Bypass

A. Myocardial Protection

V. Preoperative and Intraoperative Management

A. Current Drug Therapy

B. Premedication

C. Monitoring

D. Selection of Anesthetic Drugs

E. Intraoperative Management

F. Separation From CPB

VI. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

VII. Postoperative Considerations

A. Urgent Reoperations

B. Pain Management

VIII. Anesthesia for Children With Congenital Heart Disease

Interactive Video Lecture 36.1 Cardiac Anesthesia

Interactive Video Lecture 36.2 Cardiac Anesthesia

Chapter 36. Multiple Choice Question

37. Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery

I. Vascular Disease: Epidemiologic, Medical, and Surgical Aspects

A. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

B. Natural History of Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease

C. Medical Therapy for Atherosclerosis

II. Chronic Medical Problems and Management in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery

A. CAD in Patients With Peripheral Vascular Disease

B. Preoperative Coronary Revascularization

III. Other Medical Problems in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery

IV. Organ Protection in Vascular Surgery

A. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Patient Undergoing Vascular Surgery: Fundamental Concepts

B. Prevention of Myocardial Injury

C. Prevention of Kidney Injury

D. Prevention of Pulmonary Complications

E. Protection of the Central Nervous System and Spinal Cord

V. Carotid Endarterectomy

A. Management of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis

B. Management of Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis

C. Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation for Carotid Endarterectomy

D. Monitoring and Preserving Neurologic Integrity

E. Anesthetic Management for Elective Surgery

F. Carotid Angioplasty With Stenting

G. Postoperative Management

VI. Aortic Aneurysms

A. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

B. Medical Management Versus Endovascular Repair Versus Open Surgical Repair

C. Open Surgical Repair

D. Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair

E. Management of Emergency Aortic Surgery

VII. Lower Extremity Revascularization

Interactive Video Lecture 37.1 Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery

Chapter 37. Multiple Choice Question

38. Management of Acute and Chronic Pain

I. Anatomy, Physiology, and Neurochemistry of Pain

A. Pain Processing

B. Transduction

C. Transmission

D. Modulation

E. Perception

II. Assessment of Pain

III. Pharmacologic Management of Pain

A. Opioids

B. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

C. Anticonvulsants

D. Antidepressants

E. N-methyl-D-aspartate Antagonists

F. Alpha Adrenergics

G. Glucocorticoids

H. Local Anesthetics

I. Topical Agents

IV. Acute Pain

A. Surgical Stress Response and Preventive Analgesia

B. Strategies for Acute Pain Management

C. Special Cases in Acute Pain

V. Chronic Pain

A. Management of Common Pain Syndromes

Interactive Video Lecture 38.1 Management of Acute and Chronic Pain

Chapter 38. Multiple Choice Question

39. Nonoperating Room Anesthesia and Special Procedures

I. The Three-Step Approach to NORA

A. The Patient

B. The Procedure

C. The Environment

II. Standards of Care for NORA

III. Adverse Events

IV. Environmental Considerations for NORA

A. X-rays and Fluoroscopy

B. Computed Tomography

C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

D. Intravenous Contrast Agents

V. Specific Nonoperating Room Procedures

A. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology

B. Radiation Therapy

C. Interventional Cardiology

D. Cardioversion

E. Nonoperating Room Pediatric Cardiac Procedures

F. Gastroenterology

G. Electroconvulsive Therapy

Infographic 39.1 A Closer Look at Hypersensitivity Reactions

Interactive Video Lecture 39.1 Non-Operating Room Anesthesia

Chapter 39. Multiple Choice Question

40. Postoperative Recovery

I. Introduction and Postoperative Workflow

II. Postoperative Pain Management

III. Postoperative Weakness

A. Generalized Weakness

B. Focal Weakness

IV. Altered Mental State

V. Hypoxia

A. Airway Compromise

VI. Obstructive Sleep Apnea

VII. Hypoventilation

VIII. Postoperative Hypertension

IX. Postoperative Hypotension

X. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

XI. Fluid Management

XII. Electrolyte Abnormalities

A. Hyponatremia

B. Hypernatremia

C. Hyperkalemia

D. Hypokalemia

E. Hypocalcemia

XIII. Postoperative Acid/Base Disturbances

XIV. Postoperative Glycemic Control

A. Hyperglycemia

B. Hypoglycemia

XV. Hypothermia and Hyperthermia

XVI. Incidental Trauma

A. Corneal Abrasion

B. Oral Trauma

C. Postdural Puncture Headache

D. Soft Tissue Injury

Infographic 40.1 A Closer Look at OSA and Postoperative Recovery

Interactive Video Lecture 40.1 Postoperative Recovery

Interactive Video Lecture 40.2 Postoperative Recovery

Chapter 40. Multiple Choice Question

41. Complications of Anesthesia

I. Risks and Complications

A. Mortality and Major Morbidity Related to Anesthesia

II. Risk Management and Patient Safety

A. Ethics

B. Medical Errors and Patient Safety

C. Informed Consent

D. Importance of the Medical Record

E. Responding to an Adverse Event

F. National Practitioner Data Bank

G. Advance Directives

III. Quality Improvement and Patient Safety

A. Structure, Process, and Outcome: The Building Blocks of Safety

B. Difficulty of Outcome Measurement in Anesthesia

C. Regulatory Requirements for Quality Improvement

IV. Professional Liability

A. Professionalism and Licensure

B. The Adversarial System of Justice

C. Elements of Medical Malpractice, Res Ipsa, and Malpractice Insurance

Interactive Video Lecture 41.1 Complications, Risk Management, Patient Safety, and Liability

Chapter 41. Multiple Choice Question

42. Critical Care Medicine

I. Processes of Care

A. Staffing

B. Checklists

C. Resource Management

D. Analgesia and Sedation

II. Ventilator Liberation and Spontaneous Breathing Trials

III. Important Considerations in the Critically Ill Patient

A. Venous Thromboembolism

B. Nutrition

C. Glucose Control

D. Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis

E. Transfusion Therapy

IV. Common Diagnoses in the ICU

A. Nosocomial Infections

V. Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A. Lung-Protective Ventilation

B. Rescue Techniques

C. Sepsis and Septic Shock

VI. ICU-Acquired Weakness

Post–Intensive Care Syndrome

Infographic 42.1 Extubation Criteria At a Glance

Interactive Video Lecture 42.1 Critical Care Medicine

Chapter 42. Multiple Choice Question

43. Anesthesia for Urologic Surgery

I. Transurethral Procedures

A. Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy

B. Resection of Bladder Tumors

C. Resection of the Prostate

II. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

III. Percutaneous Renal Procedures

IV. Laser Surgery in Urology

V. Urologic Laparoscopy

VI. Radical Cancer Surgery

A. Radical Prostatectomy

B. Radical Cystectomy

C. Radical Nephrectomy

D. Radical Surgery for Testicular Cancer

Interactive Video Lecture 43.1 Anesthesia for Urologic Surgery

Chapter 43. Multiple Choice Question

44. Electrical Safety and Fire

I. Principles of Electricity

A. Introduction

B. Direct and Alternating Current

C. Capacitors and Inductors, Reactance and Impedance

II. Electrical Shock Hazards

A. Alternating and Direct Currents

B. Source of Shocks

C. Grounding

III. Electrical Power and Isolation

A. Grounded Power Systems and the Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

B. Isolated Power Systems, Isolation Transformers, and the Line Isolation Monitor

IV. Microshock

V. Electrosurgery

VI. Fire Safety

Interactive Video Lecture 44.1 Electrical Safety and Fire

Chapter 44. Multiple Choice Question

45. Wellness Principles and Resources for Anesthesiologists

I. Wellness and the Anesthesiologist

II. Special Circumstances

A. Americans With Disabilities Act

B. Family and Medical Leave Act

III. Considerations for the Physician

A. The Impaired Physician

B. The Aging Physician

IV. Providing Support

A. After an Adverse Event

B. During or After a Malpractice Claim

V. Promoting Wellness

VI. Conclusions

Interactive Video Lecture 45.1 Wellness Principles and Resources for Anesthesiologists

Chapter 45. Multiple Choice Question

SECTION IV: Appendices

A. Formulas

B. Atlas of Electrocardiography

C. Pacemaker and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Protocols

D. American Society of Anesthesiologists Standards, Guidelines, and Statements

Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring

Committee of Origin: Standards and Practice Parameters

Standard I

Standard II

Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition of General Anesthesia and Levels of Sedation/Analgesia

Committee of Origin: Quality Management and Departmental Administration

Basic Standards for Preanesthesia Care

Committee of Origin: Standards and Practice Parameters

Standards for Postanesthesia Care

Committee of Origin: Standards and Practice Parameters

Standard I

Standard II

Standard III

Standard IV

Standard V

Practice Advisory for the Prevention and Management of Operating Room Fires (Figures D.1 and D.2)

Position on Monitored Anesthesia Care

Committee of Origin: Economics

Distinguishing Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) From Moderate Sedation/Analgesia (Conscious Sedation)

Committee of Origin: Economics

Ethical Guidelines for the Anesthesia Care of Patients With Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders or Other Directives that Limit Treatment

Committee of Origin: Ethics

Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures

Committee of Origin: Ethics

E. The Airway Approach Algorithm and Difficult Airway Algorithm

The Airway Approach

The Difficult Airway

F. American Heart Association (AHA) Resuscitation Protocols

Index

 

An aparitie	25 Oct. 2021
Autor	Sharar M.D., Sam R. (Editor), Cullen M.D., Bruce F. (Editor), Stock, M. Christine
Dimensiuni	17.53 x 3.3 x 25.15 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781975113018
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	1056
Versiune digitala	DA