Biopsy Interpretation of the Prostate

Part of the highly regarded Biopsy Interpretation Series, this fully revised volume is your definitive guide to mastering biopsy pathology interpretation for prostate cancer care. Biopsy Interpretation of the Prostate, 6th Edition, provides superbly illustrated guidance from a top expert in the field, guiding you through the best utilization of H&E microscopy as well as the latest immunohistochemical markers in order to deliver accurate, reliable diagnoses. Hundreds of full-color illustrations depict the full range of benign and malignant prostatic entities.

• Focuses on practical, need-to-know information regarding the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer obtained on biopsy, addressing both common and unusual issues that arise in day-to-day practice.
• Provides new information on noninvasive lesions (HGPIN and intraductal carcinoma), clinical correlates with biopsy, and practical molecular findings.
• Shows how to critically use adjunctive tests to both diagnose limited prostate cancer and avoid overdiagnosing mimickers of prostate cancer.
• Emphasizes the newest updates in prostate cancer grading so that you can provide the most accurate prognostication in your biopsy reports.
• Features 1800 images online, as well as a 50-question test bank for self-assessment and review.

·  1 Clinical Correlates with Biopsy: Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen, Digital Rectal Examination, and Imaging Techniques

·  DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION

·  IMAGING TECHNIQUES

·  PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

·  Total Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

·  Prostate-Specific Antigen Density

·  Age-Specific Prostate-Specific Antigen Reference Ranges

·  Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity (Rate of Change of Prostate-Specific Antigen)

·  Molecular Forms of Prostate-Specific Antigen

·  Other Prostate Serum and Urine Markers

·  Prostate-Specific Antigen Factored into TNM Staging

·  Prostate-Specific Antigen Relation to Post-therapy Follow-up Biopsies

·  2 Needle Biopsy Technique, Tissue Sampling, and Processing of Needle Biopsy and Transurethral Resection Specimens

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY TECHNIQUE

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY PROCESSING—FIXATIVE

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY PROCESSING—NUMBER OF LEVELS

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY PROCESSING—INTERVENING UNSTAINED SLIDES

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY PROCESSING—NUMBER OF TISSUE CORES PER BLOCK/SLIDE

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY—INKING THE PERIPHERAL END OF THE CORE

·  SAMPLING OF TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION SPECIMENS

·  3 Gross Anatomy and Normal Histology

·  GROSS ANATOMY

·  HISTOLOGY

·  BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY

·  4 Inflammatory Conditions

·  ACUTE AND CHRONIC PROSTATIC INFLAMMATION

·  MALAKOPLAKIA

·  SARCOIDOSIS

·  GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS

·  MYCOTIC PROSTATITIS

·  MYCOBACTERIAL PROSTATITIS

·  NONSPECIFIC GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS

·  POSTBIOPSY GRANULOMAS

·  SYSTEMIC GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS

·  MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIONS

·  5 Noninvasive Lesions in the Prostate: Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate

·  PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

·  Evidence Linking Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Cancer

·  Mimickers of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

·  Low-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Risk of Cancer on Rebiopsy

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Incidence on Biopsy

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Biopsy: Overall Risk of Cancer

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Biopsy: Risk of Cancer Stratified by Clinical Predictors

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Biopsy: Risk of Cancer Stratified by Pathologic Predictors

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Biopsy: Repeat Biopsy Strategy and Technique

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Significance on Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Material

·  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia on Biopsy: Findings at Subsequent Radical Prostatectomy

·  INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

·  Incidence of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate

·  Differential Diagnosis of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate

·  Significance of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate on Biopsy

·  6 Diagnosis of Limited Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

·  DIAGNOSIS ON NEEDLE BIOPSY

·  General Principles in Diagnosing Prostate Cancer

·  ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER

·  NUCLEAR FEATURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER

·  CYTOPLASMIC FEATURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER

·  INTRALUMINAL CONTENTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER

·  STROMAL CHANGES

·  HISTOLOGIC FEATURES SPECIFIC FOR PROSTATE CANCER

·  IDENTIFICATION OF BASAL CELLS ON H&E-STAINED SECTIONS

·  DIAGNOSIS OF LIMITED HIGH-GRADE CARCINOMA

·  CARCINOMAS MIMICKING BENIGN GLANDS

·  DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER ON TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION

·  USE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ADJUNCTIVE TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA

·  7 Mimickers of Prostate Adenocarcinoma

·  MIMICKERS OF GLEASON PATTERN 3 ADENOCARCINOMA

·  Adenosis

·  Diffuse Adenosis of the Peripheral Zone

·  Atrophy

·  Basal Cell Hyperplasia

·  Colonic Mucosa

·  Cowper Glands

·  Mesonephric Hyperplasia

·  Nephrogenic Adenoma

·  Radiation Atypia

·  Seminal Vesicles

·  Verumontanum Mucosal Gland Hyperplasia

·  MIMICKERS OF GLEASON PATTERNS 4 AND 5 ADENOCARCINOMA

·  Clear Cell Cribriform Hyperplasia

·  Nonspecific Granulomatous Prostatitis

·  Paraganglia

·  Sclerosing Adenosis

·  Signet Ring Lymphocytes

·  Xanthoma

·  8 Reporting Cancer: Influence on Prognosis and Treatment

·  NEEDLE BIOPSY

·  Use of Macros (Canned Text)

·  Quantification of Amount of Cancer on Needle Biopsy

·  LOCATION OF POSITIVE BIOPSY CORES

·  PERINEURAL INVASION

·  LYMPHOVASCULAR INVASION

·  USE OF NOMOGRAMS

·  DIRECT STAGING ON NEEDLE BIOPSY

·  TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION

·  Subclassification

·  9 Grading of Prostatic Adenocarcinomas

·  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

·  INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF UROLOGICAL PATHOLOGY MODIFICATIONS TO GLEASON GRADING

·  2005 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference

·  2014 International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference

·  GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF THE GLEASON GRADING SYSTEM

·  GLEASON PATTERNS

·  Historical Gleason Patterns 1 and 2

·  Gleason Pattern 3

·  Gleason Pattern 4

·  Gleason Pattern 5

·  GRADING VARIANTS OF PROSTATE CARCINOMA

·  Adenocarcinoma with Vacuoles

·  Foamy Gland Carcinoma

·  Pseudohyperplastic Adenocarcinoma

·  REPORTING GLEASON GRADE ON BIOPSY

·  Different Cores with Different Grades

·  Tertiary Gleason Patterns

·  Reporting Secondary Patterns of Higher Grade When Present to a Limited Extent

·  Reporting Secondary Patterns of Lower Grade When Present to a Limited Extent

·  Reporting Percentage Pattern 4 on Needle Biopsies

·  CORRELATION NEEDLE BIOPSY AND RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY GRADE

·  Explanations for Grading Discrepancies

·  Factors Associated with Increased Upgrading and Downgrading from Biopsy to Prostatectomy

·  INTEROBSERVER REPRODUCIBILITY

·  GLEASON GRADE GROUPING

·  CHANGE OF GRADE OVER TIME

·  USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR GRADING

·  10 Findings of Atypical Glands Suspicious for Cancer

·  INCIDENCE OF ATYPICAL DIAGNOSIS ON NEEDLE BIOPSY

·  INTEROBSERVER REPRODUCIBILITY

·  PROSTATE CANCER RISK FOLLOWING A DIAGNOSIS OF ATYPIA

·  RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AFTER CANCER DIAGNOSED POSTATYPICAL BIOPSY

·  REBIOPSY TECHNIQUES FOLLOWING A DIAGNOSIS OF ATYPIA

·  HISTOLOGY–ATYPICAL SMALL GLANDS

·  11 Prostatic Duct Adenocarcinoma

·  12 Neuroendocrine Differentiation in the Benign and Malignant Prostate

·  NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS IN NORMAL PROSTATE HISTOLOGY

·  NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS AND DIFFERENTIATION IN PROSTATE CANCER

·  USUAL PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA WITH NEUROENDOCRINE DIFFERENTIATION

·  ADENOCARCINOMA WITH PANETH CELL-LIKE NEUROENDOCRINE DIFFERENTIATION

·  CARCINOID TUMOR

·  SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

·  LARGE CELL NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA

·  MIXED NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA–ACINAR ADENOCARCINOMA

·  PROSTATE CARCINOMA WITH OVERLAPPING FEATURES OF SMALL CELL AND ACINAR ADENOCARCINOMA

·  CASTRATE-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER WITH SMALL CELL CARCINOMA–LIKE CLINICAL PRESENTATION

·  13 Mucinous Differentiation in the Benign and Malignant Prostate

·  MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

·  PROSTATIC URETHRAL ADENOCARCINOMA

·  14 Benign and Malignant Prostate following Treatment

·  ANTIANDROGEN THERAPY

·  RADIATION

·  POSTRADICAL PROSTATECTOMY BIOPSIES

·  EMERGING FOCAL/ABLATIVE THERAPIES

·  Cryotherapy

·  High-Intensity Frequency Ultrasound

·  Vascular-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy

·  HYPERTHERMIA

·  PHYTOTHERAPY

·  POST-TEFLON INJECTION GRANULOMAS

·  POSTNEEDLE BIOPSY CHANGES

·  15 Urothelial Carcinoma

·  DISTINCTION OF HIGH-GRADE PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA FROM UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

·  PROSTATIC INTRADUCTAL UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA WITH OR WITHOUT PROSTATIC STROMAL INVASION

·  UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA SEEN ON NEEDLE BIOPSY

·  PRIMARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

·  16 Mesenchymal Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions

·  STROMAL TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN MALIGNANT POTENTIAL AND STROMAL SARCOMAS

·  LEIOMYOMA/LEIOMYOSARCOMA

·  INFLAMMATORY MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOR

·  SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

·  GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR

·  RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

·  MISCELLANEOUS

·  17 Miscellaneous Benign and Malignant Lesions

·  BENIGN LESIONS

·  Prostatic Cysts

·  Multilocular Cysts of the Prostate (Multilocular Prostatic Cystadenoma)

·  Melanotic Lesions

·  Amyloid

·  Calculi and Calcification

·  Infarcts

·  Miscellaneous

·  MALIGNANT LESIONS

·  Basal Cell Carcinomas

·  Carcinomas with Squamous Differentiation

·  Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

·  Hematopoietic Tumors

·  Miscellaneous Primary Tumors

·  Involvement of the Prostate by Secondary Tumors

·  18 Prostatic Urethral Lesions

·  PROSTATIC URETHRAL POLYPS

·  MISCELLANEOUS URETHRAL POLYPS

·  NEPHROGENIC ADENOMAS

·  INVERTED PAPILLOMA OF THE PROSTATIC URETHRA

·  MISCELLANEOUS

·  19 Tissue-based Biomarkers Using Needle Biopsy Material

·  COMMERCIAL GENOMIC ASSAYS

·  PTEN LOSS

·  Germ Line Testing for DNA Damage Repair Genes

·  HOXB13

·  MOLECULAR SPECIMEN IDENTITY TESTING