Basic Concepts in Pharmacology

 

Description:

The up-to-date content and proven study techniques you need to pass one of the most difficult courses in medical school Presented in a style that makes learning and retaining key information effortless, Basic Concepts in Pharmacology clearly explains each fundamental principal of drug actions. This updated edition includes the popular Trivia Sorter, which helps you understand the mechanism of action for the class of drugs and its side effects; consider if the drug is for a disorder or symptom; determine the unique features of single drugs in this class; and know the side effects and drug interactions of the class of drugs. Walking you through the learning process in a way that helps you master each concept before moving on to the next, Basic Concepts in Pharmacology encourages you to organize and condense the drug information you must remember; review key information, which is conveniently presented in boxes, tables, and illustrations; and identify the most important drugs in each class. Features • 640 photos and illustrations • Includes study techniques not found in any other such resources • Key information presented in boxes, illustrations and tables

 

Table of Contents:

 

1. WHERE TO START

PART I GENERAL PRINCIPLES

2. RECEPTOR THEORY

Agonists

Efficacy and Potency

Therapeutic Index

Antagonists

Inverse Agonists

3. ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND CLEARANCE

First-Pass Effect

How Drugs Cross Membranes

Bioavailability

Total Body Clearance

4. PHARMACOKINETICS

Volume of Distribution

First-Order Kinetics

Zero-Order Kinetics

Steady-State Concentration

Time Needed to Reach Steady State

Loading Dose

5. DRUG METABOLISM AND RENAL ELIMINATION

Liver Metabolism

Renal Excretion

PART II DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

6. REVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Why Include This Material?

Relevant Anatomy

Synthesis, Storage, Release, and Removal of Transmitters

Receptors

General Rules of Innervation

Presynaptic Receptors

7. CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS

Organization of Class

Cholinergic Agonists

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

8. CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS

Organization of Class

Muscarinic Antagonists

Ganglionic Blockers

Neuromuscular Blockers

9. ADRENERGIC AGONISTS

Organization of Class

Direct-Acting Agonists

Dopamine

Indirect-Acting Agents

Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

10. ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS

Organization of Class

Central Blockers

α-Blockers

β-Blockers

Mixed α- and β-Blockers

PART III DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

11. DIURETICS

Organization of Class

Diuretics

Inhibitors of the Na+-K+-2Cl− Symport or Loop Diuretics

Inhibitors of Na+/Cl− Symport or Thiazide Diuretics

Inhibitors of Renal Epithelial Na+ Channels or K+-Sparing Diuretics

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists or Aldosterone Antagonists

Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase

Osmotic Diuretics

Inhibitor of Nonspecific Cation Channel or Natriuretic Peptides—Nesiritide

12. RAS (ACE INHIBITORS AND ARBS) AND CCB (CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS)

Drugs That Interfere with the Renin-Angiotensin System

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Direct Renin Inhibitor—Aliskiren

Calcium Channel Blockers

13. ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS

Organization of Class

Diuretics

Drugs That Interfere with the Renin-Angiotensin System

Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin System

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRA)

Direct Renin Inhibitor

Drugs That Decrease Peripheral Vascular Resistance

Direct Vasodilators

Sympathetic Nervous System Depressants

14. DRUGS USED IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Ischemic Heart Disease

Organic Nitrates

Congestive Heart Failure

Neurohumoral Modulation

Preload Reduction

Afterload Reduction

Enhancement of Contractility

Heart Rate Reduction

SGLT2 Inhibition

15. ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS

Organization of Class

Class I Drugs (Sodium Channel Blockers)

Class II Drugs (β-Blockers)

Class III Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)

Class IV Drugs (Calcium Channel Blockers)

Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Drugs That Increase Heart Rate

16. DRUGS THAT AFFECT BLOOD

Organization of Class

Antiplatelet Agents

Anticoagulants

Thrombolytic Drugs

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemia

Drugs for Sickle Cell Disease

17. LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS

Organization of Class

Additional Explanation of Mechanisms

PART IV DRUGS THAT ACT ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

18. DRUGS USED IN DEMENTIA

Organization of Class

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

NMDA Blocker

19. ANXIOLYTIC AND HYPNOTIC DRUGS

Tolerance and Dependence

Organization of Class

Barbiturates

Benzodiazepines

Buspirone

Drugs for Insomnia

Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists (Z Compounds)

Melatonin Receptor Agonist

Orexin Receptor Antagonist

20. DRUGS USED IN MOOD DISORDERS

Organization of Antidepressants

Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)

Heterocyclics/TCAs

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Other Antidepressants

Drugs Used in Bipolar Disorder

21. DRUGS USED IN THOUGHT DISORDERS

Organization of Class

Typical Antipsychotics (First Generation)

Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists (Second Generation)

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

22. DRUGS FOR MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Therapy for Parkinson Disease

Dopamine Replacement Therapy

Dopamine Agonist Therapy

Anticholinergic Therapy

Therapy for ALS and MS

Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy

23. DRUGS FOR SEIZURE DISORDERS

Organization of Class

Important Details about the Most Important Drugs

Other Drugs to Consider

24. NARCOTICS (OPIATES)

Organization of Class

Actions of Morphine and the Other Agonists

Distinguishing Features of Some Agonists

Opioid Antagonists

Opioid Agonist-Antagonists

25. GENERAL ANESTHETICS

Organization of Class

Uptake and Distribution of Inhalational Anesthetics

Elimination of Inhalational Anesthetics

Potency of General Anesthetics

Specific Gases and Volatile Liquids

Specific Intravenous Agents

26. LOCAL ANESTHETICS

Organization of Class

Mechanism of Action

Special Features about Individual Agents

PART V CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

27. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMOTHERAPY

Approach to the Antimicrobials

General Principles of Therapy

Definitions

Important Concepts to Understand

Classification of Antimicrobials

28. INHIBITORS OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS

General Features

β-Lactams

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

Other Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Glycopeptides

Bacitracin

Fosfomycin

Daptomycin

29. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS

General Features

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Macrolides

Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones

Chloramphenicol

Clindamycin

30. FOLATE ANTAGONISTS

Mechanism of Action

Selected Features

31. QUINOLONES AND URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS

Drugs in This Group

Quinolones

Methenamine

32. DRUGS USED IN TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY

Organization of Class

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

Dapsone

33. ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

Organization of Class

Azole Antifungals

Polyene Antifungals

Echinocandins

Fungal Protein Inhibitors

34. ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS

Organization of Class

Drugs Used against Cestodes and Trematodes

Drugs Used against Nematodes

Drugs Used against Filaria

35. ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

Organization of Class

Anti-HIV Drugs

Drugs Used in Influenza (RNA Virus)

Drugs Used in Hepatitis B and C

Other Antivirals

36. ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS

Organization of Class

Metronidazole

Antimalarial Agents

Therapeutic Considerations

Special Features

37. ANTICANCER DRUGS

Organization of Class

Terminology and General Principles of Therapy

Adverse Effects

Cytotoxic Drugs

Alkylating Agents

Antimetabolites

Antibiotics and Other Natural Products

Other Cytotoxic Drugs

Hormonal Agents

Pathway-Targeted Therapies

Growth Factors and Receptors

Intracellular Kinases

Angiogenesis

Other Targets

Miscellaneous Agents

PART VI DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

38. ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES

Organization of Class

Glucocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids

Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoid Synthesis

39. SEX STEROIDS

Organization of Class

Estrogens

Antiestrogens

Progestins

Antiprogestins

Oral Contraceptives

Androgens

Antiandrogens

GnRH Agonists and Antagonists

PDE5 Inhibitors

40. THYROID AND PARATHYROID DRUGS

Organization of Class

Thyroid Replacement Therapy

Drugs That Are Thyroid Downers

Parathyroid Drugs

41. INSULIN, GLUCAGON, AND ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC DRUGS

Organization of Class

Insulins

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

Stimulation of Insulin Release

Decrease Production of Glucose

Increase Sensitivity of Tissues to What Insulin Is Available

Reduce Absorption of Glucose

Increase Elimination of Glucose

PART VII MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS

42. HISTAMINE AND ANTIHISTAMINES

Organization of Class

H1 Receptor Antagonists

43. RESPIRATORY DRUGS

Organization of Class

Bronchodilators

β-Agonists

Cholinergic Antagonists

Methylxanthines

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Inhaled Corticosteroids

PDE-4 Inhibitor

Other Approaches

Leukotriene Modifiers

Anti-IgE therapy

Other Biologics and Cromolyn

Pulmonary Hypertension

Cystic Fibrosis

44. DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE GI TRACT

Organization of Class

Drugs That Act in the Upper GI Tract

Drugs That Act in the Lower GI Tract

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

45. NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

Organization of Class

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

COX-2 Inhibitors

Salicylates, Including Aspirin

Acetaminophen

Other Drugs for Arthritis

Antigout Agents

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Headaches

46. IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES

Organization of Class

Calcineurin Inhibitors

Proliferation Signal Inhibitors

Other Immunosupressants

Biologics for Transplantation

47. DRUGS USED IN OSTEOPOROSIS

Organization of Class

Bisphosphonates

Denosumab

Parathyroid Hormone

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Calcitonin

Sclerostin Inhibitor

48. TOXICOLOGY AND POISONING

Principles of Toxicology

General Principles in the Treatment of Poisoning

Specific Antidotes

Index

 

An aparitie	Ian. 2022
Autor	Janet L. Stringer
Dimensiuni	9781264264841
Editura	McGraw-Hill
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781264264841
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	320