Anesthesia Equipment: Principles and Applications

 

Description:

 

Offering highly visual, easy-to-read coverage of the full range of anesthesia equipment in use today, this authoritative reference is your go-to text for objective, informed answers to ensure optimal patient safety. Anesthesia Equipment, 3rd Edition, provides detailed information on the intricate workings of each device or workstation, keeping you fully up to date and helping you meet both equipment and patient care challenges.

Remains unequalled in both depth and breadth of coverage, offering readable, concise guidance on all aspects of today’s anesthesia machines and equipment.

Details the latest machines, vaporizers, ventilators, breathing systems, vigilance, ergonomics, and simulation.

Improves your understanding of the physical principles of equipment, the rationale for its use, delivery systems for inhalational anesthesia, systems monitoring, hazards and safety features, maintenance and quality assurance, special situations/equipment for non-routine adult anesthesia, and future directions for the field.

Includes ASA Practice Parameters for care, and helps you ensure patient safety with detailed advice on risk management and medicolegal implications of equipment use.

Highlights the text with hundreds of full-color line drawings and photographs, graphs, and charts.

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part 1. Gases and Ventilation

1. Medical Gases: Storage and Supply

Overview

Medical Gas Cylinders and Their Use

Characteristics of Gas Cylinders

Gas Cylinder Safety Issues

Guidelines for Use of Medical Gas Cylinders

Medical Gas Pipeline Systems

Medical Gas Central Supply Systems

Medical Gas Pipelines

Hazards of Medical Gas Delivery Systems

Procedures

2. The Anesthesia Machine and Workstation

Anesthesia Gas Delivery System

Anesthesia Machine Components

Gas Flow Through the Anesthesia Machine

Anesthesia Workstation Obsolescence and Pre-Use Checks

Contemporary U.S. Anesthesia Workstations

3. Anesthesia Vaporizers

General Principles

Vapor, Evaporation, and Vapor Pressure

Regulating Vaporizer Output

Effect of Use Variables on Vaporizer Function

Contemporary Vaporizers

4. Breathing Circuits

Introduction

History of Device Development

Classifications of Breathing Circuits

Components of a Breathing Circuit

Carbon Dioxide Absorption

Bacterial Filters

Analysis of Specific Circuits

Circuit Malfunction and Safety

5. Waste Anesthetic Gases and Scavenging Systems

Trace Concentrations of Anesthetic Gases

Sources of Anesthetic Gas Contamination

Operating Room Ventilation Systems

Waste Gas Scavenging Systems

Hazards of Scavenging

Low-Flow Scavenging Systems

Anesthetic Leak Detection and Waste Gas Management

Work Practice Recommendations

Monitoring Trace Levels of Anesthetic Gases

Are Trace Concentrations of Waste Anesthetic Gases Hazardous?

Environmental Concerns

Technologies for Reduction of Waste Gas Release to the Environment

Conclusion

6. Anesthesia Ventilators

Overview

History

Physiology and Mechanical Concepts

Physics of Gas Flow

Lung Function During Anesthesia And Mechanical Ventilation

Classification, Special Features, and Modes of Ventilation

Capabilities and Limitations of Anesthesia Ventilators

Modes of Ventilation

Current Designs of Anesthesia Ventilators

Ventilator Concerns With Use

Check-Out Procedures

Summary

7. Humidification and Filtration

Overview

Physics of Humidity

Physiology of Humidification

Filtration

Heat and Moisture Exchangers

Summary

Part 2. System Monitors

8. Respiratory Gas Monitoring

Overview

Gas Sampling Systems

Units of Measurement

Gas Analysis Technologies

Infrared Analysis

Raman Spectroscopy

Water Vapor and Accuracy of Capnometers

Colorimetric Carbon Dioxide Detectors

Oxygen Analyzers

Balance Gas

Exotic Gases

Applications of Gas Monitoring

Complications of Gas Monitoring

Credentialing for Use of Gas Monitoring

Practice Parameters

American Society of Anesthesiologists Standards for Postanesthesia Care

9. Monitoring Ventilation

Overview

Respiratory Rate

Airway Pressures

Volume Measurement

Measurement of Gas Flows

Spirometry, Curves, and Loops

Capnography and Volumetric Capnography

Display of Ventilation Data

Practice Parameters

Part 3. Patient Monitors

10. Capnography

Overview

Terms and Definitions

Measurement Techniques (see also Chapter 8)

Systematic Interpretation of Time Capnography

Volumetric Capnography

Clinical Applications – Time-Based Capnography

Common Pitfalls

The Future

11. Pulse Oximetry

Hemoglobin Saturation and Oxygen Transport

History of Pulse Oximetry

Physics and Engineering of Pulse Oximetry

Sources of Error

Multiwavelength Pulse Oximetry

Clinical Applications: Accuracy, Response, and Limitations

Conclusion

12. Hemodynamic Monitoring

Overview

Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring

The Pulmonary Artery Catheter

Other Commercially Available Devices

13. Temperature Monitoring

Overview

Thermoregulation

Effects of Anesthesia

Mechanisms of Intraoperative Heat Loss

Effects of Mild Perioperative Hypothermia

Hyperthermic States

Perioperative Temperature Management

Transducers and Devices for Measuring Temperature

Temperature Monitoring Sites

Guidelines for Temperature Monitoring

Summary

Part 4. Other Equipment

14. Airway Equipment

Airway Patency, Access, and Patient Positioning

Patient Positioning

Techniques for Perioperative Oxygenation

Tracheal Tubes

Laryngoscopy

Intubating Adjuncts: Tube Introducers, Tube Exchangers, and Lighted Stylets

Airway Exchange Catheters

Optical Stylets and Tubes

Flexible Intubation Devices

Supraglottic Airways

Invasive Airway Techniques

Conclusion

15. Preventing Transmission of Infectious Diseases

Overview

Hand Hygiene

Equipment

Preventing Blood-Borne Transmission

The Anesthesia Machine

Airborne Transmissible Disease

Managing Infectious Disease Risks to Anesthesia Professionals

16. Infusion Pumps

Background

Gravity-Driven Infusions

Positive-Pressure Pumps

Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Modern Infusion Pump Features

Infusion Safety

Emerging Technologies

Considerations for Pump Selection

Final Thoughts

Part 5. Vigilance, Alarms, and Ergonomics

17. Vigilance, Alarms, and Integrated Monitoring Systems

Overview

Anesthesia Mishaps

Vigilance and Monitoring Performance

Role of Standards in Anesthesia Equipment Design

Alarms

Integrated Monitoring Systems

Conclusions

18. Ergonomics of the Anesthesia Workspace

History

What is Ergonomics?

Ergonomics Research in Anesthesiology

Ergonomics Guidelines

Ergonomics in Design

Summary

Part 6. Special Conditions

19. Closed-Circuit Anesthesia

Principles

Anesthesia Administration and Monitoring

Continuum From High-Flow to Low-Flow Anesthesia

Closed-Circuit Anesthesia

Respiratory Gas Sampling

Buildup of Toxic Substances

Machine Requirements

Using Today’s Technology: Practicalities

Idiosyncrasies of Contemporary Anesthesia Machines

The Future

Summary

20. Anesthesia Delivery in the MRI Environment

Overview

MRI Physics and Clinical Applications

MRI Anesthesia Equipment and Physiologic Monitors

MRI Video Goggles

21. Anesthesia at High Altitude

Overview

Gases Around the Body

Reduced Environmental Pressure

Anesthetic Problems and Altitude

Recommendations for Anesthesia at Altitude

Common Medical Problems and Commercial Flights

Spaceflight

22. Anesthesia in Difficult Locations and in Developing Countries

Inhalational Anesthesia in Difficult Locations

Draw-Over Breathing System

Oxygen Concentrator

Mechanical Ventilators

Recent Developments

Monitoring

Part 7. Safety, Standards, and Quality

23. Hazards of the Anesthesia Delivery System

Perspective

Complications

Circuit Pressure and Volume Problems

Anesthetic Agent Dosage and Administration Problems

Prevention of Complications

Cybersecurity of Medical Devices and the Implications of Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

Definitions

24. Electrical and Fire Safety

Introduction

Principles of Electricity

Electrical Shock Hazards

Electrical Power: Grounded

Electrical Power: Ungrounded

The Line Isolation Monitor

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

Double Insulation

Microshock

Electrosurgery

Environmental Hazards

Electromagnetic Interference

Construction of New Operating Rooms

Fire Safety

25. Machine Checkout and Quality Assurance

Overview

Background

Preanesthesia Checkout

Equipment Quality Assurance

Conclusion

26. Risk Management and Medicolegal Aspects of Anesthesia Equipment Use

Overview

Elements of Risk Management in Anesthesia Practice

Incidence and Characteristics of Adverse Equipment Events

Prevention

Response

Medicolegal Issues

27. Standards and Regulatory Considerations

Overview

Regulation of Medical Devices

Role of Standards in Medical Device Regulation

Medical Device Voluntary Standards

Index

 

An aparitie	26 Oct. 2020
Autor	Jan Ehrenwerth MD , James B. Eisenkraft MD MRCP(UK) FFARCS , James M Berry MD
Dimensiuni	22.23 x 2.54 x 28.58 cm
Editura	Elsevier
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9780323672795
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	656