Thyroid Surgery

Description:

This book will bridge a gap between the huge platform of literature available about thyroid surgery and the practical working reality. The pearls in techniques and surgical procedures will be exhaustively detailed with authors' individual experience enriched with quality photographs. It covers management of large/massive multinodular goiters which are the hall mark of Indian Thyroids. However, the emphasis will be more on applying this knowledge to a given patient and would largely revolve around this theme. It aims to provide a take home message in controversial areas and is a ready reference to all interested in learning science and craftsmanship of thyroid surgery. Key Features Covers all topics comprehensively with a practical approach Inclusion of guidelines adds value to the content Discusses all investigatory modalities Consists of useful surgical tips with exhaustive operating photography Features large anatomical illustrations with cadaveric dissections

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: History and Evolution of Thyroid Surgery

Introduction

The History of Goiter

The History of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones

The History of Surgery and of Surgical Instruments

The History of Thyroid Surgery

Future Directions

References

Chapter 2: Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid

Introduction

Embryology of the Thyroid Gland

Capsule of the Thyroid Gland

Blood Supply of the Thyroid Gland

Parathyroids

The Nerves

Ligament of Berry

Pyramidal Lobe

References

Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment of the Thyroid Nodule

History Taking

Physical Examination

Chapter 4: Imaging of the Thyroid

Introduction

Thyroid Ultrasound

Thyroid Nodules

Follicular Neoplasm

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Anaplastic Carcinoma

Metastasis to the Thyroid

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5: Pathology of the Thyroid

Non-Neoplastic Lesions of the Thyroid

Neoplastic Lesions

Reference

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6: Medical Management of Thyroid Disorders

Graves’ Disease

Thyroiditis

Hypothyroidism

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7: Anesthesia for Thyroid Surgery

Introduction

Main Content

Pre-Operative Preparation

Induction of Anesthesia

Post-Operative Complications

Regional Anesthesia

Cervical Epidural Anesthesia

Authors’ Experience/Pearls of Wisdom

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Safe Thyroidectomy

Who Is at Risk?

The Size

Anesthesia

Appliances and Technology

Learning Curve

Identifying the Injuries

References

Chapter 9: Surgery for Multinodular Goiter

Evolution of MNG

Genesis of the Thyroid Nodule and MNG

Follow-Up Strategy for MNG Surgery

References

Chapter 10: Management of Retrosternal Goiter

Introduction

Clinical Manifestations

Investigation for RSG

Classification

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: Remote Access Endoscopic and Robotic Thyroidectomy

Introduction

The History of Robotic/Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Robotic/Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Classification

Author’s Experience

Conclusions

References

Chapter 12: Robotic Thyroidectomy

Introduction

Indications and Contraindications

Concluding Remarks

Authors’ Experience and Pearls of Wisdom

References

Chapter 13: Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring

How Common Is RLN Paralysis?

Importance of a Laryngeal Exam—Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Assessment

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring—Utility and Applications

Standards for Intra-Operative Nerve Monitoring

New Horizons in IONM

References

Chapter 14: Surgical Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

Introduction

Active Surveillance as an Alternative to Surgery

Completion Thyroidectomy

Debate of Hemi- versus Total Thyroidectomy

Surgical Tips and Tricks

References

Chapter 15: Management of Nodal Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer

Quantification of the Problem

Diagnosis

Conclusions

References

Chapter 16: Complications of Thyroid Surgery

Introduction

Seroma

Infection

Hematoma

Hypertrophic or Keloid Scar

Aerodigestive Injury

Airway Concerns

Salient Points

Authors’ Experience/Pearls of Wisdom

Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 17: Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Introduction

Invasion of the Strap Muscles

Invasion of the Aerodigestive Tract (Larynx, Trachea, Hypopharynx, and/or Esophagus)

Surgical Management

Pharyngeal/Esophageal Involvement

Vascular Invasion

Conclusion

References

Chapter 18: Surgical Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancers

Introduction

Work-Up

TNM Classification AJCC, 8th Edition, for MTC

Recurrence/Metastasis/Residual MTC

Adjuvant External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT)

Prophylactic Cancer Surgery

Salient Points

Authors’ Experience/Pearls of Wisdom

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 19: Surgical Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers

Introduction

Clinical Presentation

Treatment

Role of Neoadjuvant Treatment

References

Chapter 20: Post-Treatment Surveillance of Thyroid Cancer

Introduction

Surveillance Tools for DTC

Initial Risk Stratification

Dynamic Risk Stratification

Surveillance Strategies

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 21: Applications of Radioisotopes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders

Introduction

Molecular Basis of Imaging with RAI

Non-Radioactive Iodine Imaging

Salient Points

References

Chapter 22: Systemic Therapy (Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy) for Thyroid Cancers

Introduction

Molecular Pathogenesis: Genetic Changes and Altered Signaling Pathways

Targeted Therapy in Thyroid Cancer

Conclusion

References

Chapter 23: Surgical Management of Parathyroid Disorders

Introduction

Clinical Profile

Diagnosis

Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy

Pathology

Conclusions

References

Chapter 24: Pediatric Thyroid Surgery

Introductions

Benign Conditions Warranting Surgical Management

Thyroid Malignant Lesions

Who Should Be Operating on Children?

Thyroid Pain and Abscess

Ectopic Thyroid Gland

References

Index