Rutter’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 6th Edition

Description:

Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry is the leading textbook in its field.

Both interdisciplinary and international, it provides a coherent appraisal of the current state of the field to help researchers, trainees and practicing clinicians in their daily work. Integrating science and clinical practice, it is a comprehensive reference for all aspects of child and adolescent psychiatry.

New to this full color edition are expanded coverage on classification, including the newly revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and new chapters on systems neuroscience, relationship-based treatments, resilience, global psychiatry, and infant mental health.

From an international team of expert editors and contributors, this sixth edition is essential reading for all professionals working and learning in the fields of child and adolescent mental health and developmental psychopathology as well as for clinicians working in primary care and pediatric settings.

Michael Rutter has contributed a number of new chapters and a Foreword for this edition: "I greatly welcome this new edition as providing both a continuity with the past and a substantial new look."
--Professor Sir Michael Rutter, extract from Foreword.

Reviews of previous editions:

"This book is by far the best textbook of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry written to date."
--Dr Judith Rapoport, NIH

"The editors and the authors are to be congratulated for providing us with such a high standard for a textbook on modern child psychiatry. I strongly recommend this book to every child psychiatrist who wants a reliable, up-to-date, comprehensive, informative and very useful textbook. To my mind this is the best book of its kind available today."
--Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part I : Conceptual issues and research approaches

A: Developmental psychopathology

Chapter 1: Development and psychopathology: a life course perspective

Introduction

Methodological considerations

Childhood–adulthood continuities

Long-term effects of early experience

Conclusions

References

Chapter 2: Diagnosis, diagnostic formulations, and classification

Introduction

Definition

Clinical and research classifications

Biomarkers and neural signatures

Dimensions and categories

The supposed separateness of syndromes

Validation of diagnostic categories

“Lumping” or “splitting”

Threshold for diagnosis

Separate classifications in different countries

Staging or severity of disorders

References

Chapter 3: Neurodevelopmental disorders

The classification of neurodevelopmental disorders

Concepts of maturational lag and of plateaus in developmental progress

Concept of comorbidity and patterns of co-occurrence within the group of neurodevelopmental disorders

The co-occurrence of different neurodevelopmental disorders due to shared risks and biological characteristics

Sex differences

Does neurodevelopmental impairment have the same meaning in all disorders?

Clinical value of neurodevelopmental impairment concepts

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4: Conceptual issues and empirical challenges in the disruptive behavior disorders

The scope of this chapter

What is the phenotype?

The starting point: well-replicated findings

What do we need to explain?

Unraveling risks for disruptive behavior problems

Peer influences

Sex differences

“Comorbidity”

Adolescent onset of disruptive and antisocial behaviors

Conclusions

References

Chapter 5: Emotion, emotion regulation and emotional disorders: conceptual issues for clinicians and neuroscientists

Terms and definitions

Basic emotions

Emotion regulation

Emotion and development

Disorders of emotion and emotion regulation: boundaries to normality, relation to basic science, and other challenges

Emotions and treatment

Conclusion and outlook

References

Chapter 6: Attachment: normal development, individual differences, and associations with experience

Historical context of the development of attachment theory

Infant attachment quality

Individual differences

Links between infant attachment and later outcomes

Assessments of attachment beyond infancy

Attachment and neurobiology

Attachment among fathers

Attachment among atypical populations

Attachment and interventions

Future directions

Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Infant/early years mental health

Introduction

Risk and protective factors

Special features in assessing infants

Common problems versus pathways to psychopathology

Special features of interventions in infancy

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Temperament: individual differences in reactivity and regulation as antecedent to personality

Introduction

Definitions and conceptual distinctions between temperament and personality

Approaches to the study of temperament

Assessment of temperament

Genetic origins of temperament

The temperament of behavioral inhibition

Temperament and adjustment

Behavioral inhibition: temperament or psychopathology?

Future directions in temperament research

Final comments

References

B: Neurobiology

Chapter 9: Neurobiological perspectives on developmental psychopathology

Introduction

Key issues in developmental neurobiology

Human structural brain development

Key features of postnatal development

Oscillating rhythms

Resting activity and network connectivity

Determinants of cortical specialization

Human functional brain development

Atypical human neurodevelopment

Risk

Resilience

Future directions

Definitions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 10: Systems neuroscience

Introduction

Child psychiatry and systems neuroscience

Cognitive control

Fear

Attachment and affiliation

Brain development

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: Neuroimaging in child psychiatry

Introduction

Overview of neuroimaging techniques

Analysis and interpretation of imaging data

Conclusions

References

C: Epidemiology, interventions and services

Chapter 12: Using natural experiments and animal models to study causal hypotheses in relation to child mental health problems

Introduction

Why natural experiments are useful

Natural experiment designs used to test causal hypotheses on environmental risks and that control for genetic contribution

Natural experiment designs that aim to remove or reduce selection or allocation bias in defined populations

Statistical methods to reduce selection biases and confounders

Experimental manipulation in humans

Animal models to test environmental influences

Animal models to study the causal effects of genetic risks

Behavior-based animal models to study causal risks in relation to multifactorial psychiatric disorders

A wide variety of animal species can inform causal research in psychopathology

Conclusions

References

Chapter 13: Using epidemiology to plan, organize, and evaluate services for children and adolescents with mental health problems

Introduction

Why bother?

Overview of key methodological issues

Interpreting epidemiological data

What is need?

What can epidemiology tell us about levels of need?

What can epidemiology tell us about planning to meet need?

Service use now

What factors predict access?

Using epidemiology to determine organization

Using epidemiology to determine funding arrangements

Using epidemiological data to understand outcomes of treatment for teams and services

Conclusion and further directions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 14: Evaluating interventions

Introduction

The fundamental principles

Alternatives to RCTS?

Effect sizes. Not P-values

Exploratory activities, pilot studies, and RCTS

Formulating the hypothesis

Designing the RCT

RCT execution/fidelity

Primary analysis and presentation of results

Moving the frontiers: exploration of RCT data

Completing the cycle: meta-analysis

Discussion

References

Chapter 15: What clinicians need to know about statistical issues and methods

Common misunderstandings, study design, multiple testing, meta-analysis and the natural history of “findings”

Confounding, selection and randomization

Adjustment for measured confounders: regression and the generalized linear model

Mechanisms and statistical interactions and effects scales

Longitudinal data analysis

Measurement error, latent variables and growth models

Causal analysis

Missing data

Screening, diagnosis and misclassification

Reporting results

Conclusions

References

Chapter 16: Global psychiatry

Introduction

Context heterogeneity

Methods in global child and adolescent psychiatric epidemiology

Challenges and opportunities

Future perspectives

References

Chapter 17: Prevention of mental disorders and promotion of competence

Epidemiology and the rationale for preventive interventions

The role of developmental theory in the prevention of MEBDs

Defining prevention

Empirical advances in prevention research with children and families

Key issues in current prevention research

Dissemination, implementation and sustainability; Type 2 questions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 18: Health economics

Introduction

Costs in childhood

Costs continuing into adulthood

Cost-offset considerations

Exploring cost-effectiveness

Conclusion

References

Chapter 19: Legal issues in the care and treatment of children with mental health problems

The universality of human rights

The different roles of the mental health professional

Intervening against the parents

Intervening against the child

Expert witnesses

Conclusion

References

Chapter 20: Children's testimony: a scientific framework for evaluating the reliability of children's statements

Outline of present case involving allegations of sexual abuse

Research findings/major principles

Scientific analysis of the facts of the case

References

Chapter 21: Residential and foster care

Introduction

Residential care

Foster care

Assessment

Intervention

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 22: Adoption

Contemporary trends in adoptive family formation

Alternatives for individuals and families who want to adopt

Gay and lesbian adoption

Opening the birth records: search for birth parents (including ART donors)

Outcomes of adoption

Selection, preparation, and assessment

Postadoption services

Conclusions and future directions

References

Part II: Influences on psychopathology

Chapter 23: Biology of environmental effects

Introduction

Prenatal experiences

Postnatal maltreatment

Institutional deprivation

Social disadvantage

Enrichment and deprivation studies

Experience-expectant effects

Pollutants

Traumatic brain injury

Biological effects of different therapeutic interventions

Gene–environment interaction (G × E)

Overall conclusions

References

Chapter 24: Genetics

Introduction

DNA, genes and chromosomes

Genetic variation and its detection

Relating Genes to Behaviors

Approaches to gene discovery

Summary: recent findings and changing conceptions

References

Chapter 25: Epigenetics and the developmental origins of vulnerability for mental disorders

Parental influences

Epigenetics

Maternal regulation of stress reactivity in the offspring

The human early environment and DNA methylation

Tissue specificity: DNA methylation in blood and brain

The molecular definition of gene × environment interaction

Methodological considerations in studies of epigenetics

Summary and concluding remarks

References

Chapter 26: Psychosocial adversity

Introduction

Conceptual issues in the effects of psychosocial adversity on children

Empirical findings on distal risk factors

Empirical findings on proximal risk factors: development in the context of close relationships

Summary of findings related to psychosocial adversity causing child psychopathology

Directions for future research

References

Chapter 27: Resilience: concepts, findings, and clinical implications

Testing for environmental mediation of risks

Types of features associated with resilience

Clinical implications

Conclusions

References

Chapter 28: Impact of parental psychiatric disorder and physical illness

Intergenerational transmission of psychiatric disorder: a conceptual and theoretical overview

Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology: one size does not fit all

The mechanics of mechanism: mediators versus moderators in clinical research

Parental psychiatric disorders

Psychiatric disorders in fathers

Parental physical disorders

Clinical implications

Summary

References

Chapter 29: Child maltreatment

Safeguarding children: a pressing global challenge

Definitions: maltreatment types

Epidemiology

Factors associated with occurrence of maltreatment

Consequences of maltreatment

Recognizing child maltreatment

Responding to child maltreatment

Interventions

Prevention of maltreatment occurrence

Future directions

References

Chapter 30: Child sexual abuse

Introduction

Definitions

Cultural aspects

Demographics

The nature and circumstances of the abuse

Epidemiology

Risk and maintaining factors for child sexual abuse

Effects of child sexual abuse

Suspicion, recognition, investigation, validation, and protection

Therapeutic work

Conclusions

References

Chapter 31: Brain disorders and psychopathology

Brain damage?

Birth damage

Brain dysfunction increases the risk of child psychiatric disorders

At risk for which psychiatric disorders?

How do neurological and non neurological risk factors interact?

What are the mediating links?

The psychiatric consequences of specific brain disorders

Treatment of psychiatric problems in children with brain disorders

References

Part III: Approaching the clinical encounter

A: The clinical assessment

Chapter 32: Clinical assessment and diagnostic formulation

Introduction

Initial questions regarding referral

Observations of the family

Basic elements in the diagnostic clinical assessment

Standardization of clinical assessment

Presence/absence of clinically significant psychopathology

Diagnostic formulation: integration and synthesis

Psychoeducation

Treatment planning

Approaches to assessment and treatment planning across the globe

Conclusions

References

Chapter 33: Use of structured interviews, rating scales, and observational methods in clinical settings

Introduction

Selecting measures

Interviews

Scales

Observations

Implementing standardized assessments in clinical settings

Conclusion

References

Chapter 34: Psychological assessment in the clinical context

Introduction

Psychological assessment within the broader context

Informal and semi-formal clinical assessments

Formal psychometric assessment

What to report and how

Using psychological assessments to inform intervention

Conclusions

References

Chapter 35: Physical examination and medical investigation

Introduction

The medical history

The physical examination

Laboratory investigation

An example: the evaluation of psychosis

Summary

References

B: Considering and selecting available treatments

Chapter 36: Psychological interventions: overview and critical issues for the field

Studying the effects of youth psychotherapy: methods and findings

Investigating the strength, causes, and conditions of effective treatment

Adapting and testing psychotherapies for diverse populations

Putting science into practice: EBPs and the clinical practice of youth mental health care

Strategies for strengthening youth psychotherapies and intervention science

Summary and concluding comment

References

Chapter 37: Parenting programs

Introduction

Programs for children with conduct problems

Programs for infants

Father involvement in parenting programs

Application of programs to specific populations

What makes parenting programs work?

Implementation and dissemination

Prevention

Conclusions

References

Chapter 38: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral therapy, and related treatments in children

Understanding cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Empirically-supported CBTs and BTs for youth

Common treatment components

Flexible adaptations of CBT

CBT related therapies

Future directions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 39: Family interventions

Family interventions in the broader context of other psychological treatments

The role of the family therapist in the multidisciplinary team

Theoretical considerations informing work with families

A conceptual framework for working with families

Practical issues and techniques of family interventions

Contraindications for family interventions and/or indications to proceed with special care

Research evidence informing family therapy practice

Conclusions

References

Chapter 40: Relationship-based treatments

Introduction

Treatments targeted at early relationships

Therapist–patient relationship as a mode of treatment

Psychotherapeutic treatments for children and adolescents

Implementation science

Global health

References

Chapter 41: Educational interventions for children's learning difficulties

Conceptual and methodological issues

Dyslexia and decoding impairments

Reading comprehension impairment

Specific language impairment

Summary: interventions for oral language impairments in children

Mathematics disorder

The effectiveness of educational interventions for children with general learning difficulties

The effectiveness of interventions targeting general cognitive functions

Conclusions and future directions for clinical practice and research

References

Chapter 42: School-based mental health interventions

Introduction

Addressing mental health problems at schools

Strengths and weaknesses of school-based interventions

Methods of delivering interventions at school

Staff delivering interventions

Types of intervention

School-based mental health in practice

Conclusions

References

Chapter 43: Pharmacological, medically-led and related treatments

Introduction and regulation of psychoactive drugs

Place of medication in therapeutic planning

Prescribing: evidence and practice

Research and future developments

References

C: Contexts of the clinical encounter and specific clinical situations

Chapter 44: Refugee, asylum-seeking and internally displaced children and adolescents

Introduction

Prevalence of psychiatric disorder

Risk and resilience in young refugees

Interventions

Course and long-term outcomes for young refugees

Conclusions

References

Chapter 45: Pediatric consultation and psychiatric aspects of somatic disease

Introduction

History

Consultation service models

“Liaison” care

Approach to consultation requests

The consultation

Reasons for consultation: primary psychiatric illnesses

Reasons for consultation: emergency consultations

Reasons for consultation: psychological distress in the medically ill children

Conclusion

References

Chapter 46: Mental health and resilience in children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS

The global impact of HIV/AIDS on children and adolescents

The effects of HIV/AIDS on the social ecology, child development, and mental health

Brief overview of HIV and child health

Modes of HIV transmission in children and adolescents

HIV and its neurological impact in children and adolescents

HIV and psychopathology

Mental health and ART adherence

Mental health treatment for children and adolescents with HIV

Resilience in children, adolescents, and families affected by HIV/AIDS

Disclosure

Implications for intervention research and clinical settings

Group interventions for children and adolescents living with HIV

Family-based interventions

Economic strengthening interventions

Community level interventions addressing stigma

Recommendations

References

Chapter 47: Children with specific sensory impairments

Visual impairment

Hearing impairment

Professional approaches for management and care

References

Chapter 48: Assessment and treatment in nonspecialist community health care settings

Introduction

Generalist primary health settings

Core roles of primary health care for child and adolescent mental health

Child and adolescent mental health problems in nonspecialist primary care settings

Identification of mental health problems in primary care

Delivering interventions, partnerships, and coordinated care

Prevention and early intervention

Building capacity in the front line

Conclusions and further developments

References

Chapter 49: Forensic psychiatry

Introduction

Juvenile justice systems: a global perspective

A developmental understanding of juvenile delinquency

The mental health of juvenile offenders

Forensic psychiatric assessment of juveniles

Interventions

Professional considerations

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 50: Provision of intensive treatment: intensive outreach, day units, and in-patient units

Introduction

Day programs (partial hospitalization)

Inpatient services

Final conclusions

References

Part IV : Clinical syndromes: neurodevelopmental, emotional, behavioral, somatic/body-brain

A: Neurodevelopmental

Chapter 51: Autism spectrum disorder

Overview

Clinical characteristics of ASD

The history of diagnosis and classification

Epidemiology

Cognitive and emotional processes

Longitudinal outcome

Risk factors and possible aetiologic mechanisms

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators

Neuropathology findings and post mortem studies

Brain imaging

Assessment

Treatments

Future developments and necessary research

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 52: Disorders of speech, language, and communication

Introduction

General principles of assessment

Differential diagnosis of speech disorders

Language disorder

Social (pragmatic) communication disorders

Intervention

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 53: Disorders of reading, mathematical and motor development

Definitions and diagnosis

Disorders of reading and writing

Causal models and risk factors

Sensory impairments in dyslexia

Language delays and difficulties as precursors of reading difficulties

Attentional difficulties and reading disorders

Etiology of reading difficulties

Brain bases of dyslexia

Social and environmental influences on reading development and disorder

Summary

Problems of numeracy

The typical development of number skills and arithmetic

Definition, classification, and prevalence of mathematical difficulties

The behavioral profile of children with mathematics disorder

Cognitive explanations of arithmetic difficulties

Summary

Etiology of mathematics disorder

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Explanations of developmental coordination disorder

Etiology

Longitudinal outcome of learning disorders

Cognitive and educational outcomes

Psychosocial and mental health outcomes

Other learning difficulties

Clinical implications

Communicating findings

Management of specific learning disorders

Conclusions and future directions

References

Chapter 54: Intellectual disability

Terminology and classification

Epidemiology of intellectual disability

Causes of intellectual disability

Assessment and diagnosis of intellectual disability

Longitudinal course of intellectual disability

Behavioral phenotypes

Mental disorders in children and adolescents with intellectual disability

Risk factors for psychiatric disorders in ID

Assessment of psychiatric disorders in people with ID

Intervention

Mental health services for children and adolescents with ID

Special issues in mental health and ID

Future developments and necessary research

References

Chapter 55: ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder

Diagnosis

Clinical assessment

Epidemiology

Risk factors

Pathogenesis

Longitudinal course

Treatment

References

Chapter 56: Tic disorders

Introduction

Phemonenology of tics and diagnosis of tic disorders

Epidemiology

Clinical course

Clinical assessment

Risk factors

Pathophysiology

Treatment

Future directions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 57: Schizophrenia and psychosis

Introduction

Clinical features

The clinical phases of schizophrenia

Diagnosis of schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence

Course and outcome

Epidemiology

Genetic risk factors

Environmental risk factors

Psychosocial risks

Gene–environment interactions

Neurobiology

Neuropsychology of schizophrenia

Assessment

Treatment approaches

Conclusions

References

B: Emotional

Chapter 58: Disorders of attachment and social engagement related to deprivation

Definitions

Development of attachment

Attachment classifications and psychopathology

Historical considerations

Clinical disorders of attachment: the phenotypes

Differential diagnosis

Prevalence

Etiology

Course of the disorders

Clinical assessment

Interventions

Conclusions

References

Chapter 59: Post traumatic stress disorder

Characteristics and diagnosis of the condition

Manifestations of stress reactions in children and adolescents

Developmental aspects

Cultural issues

Impact of disorder on functioning

Differential diagnosis

Assessment

Epidemiology

Longitudinal outcome

Risk factors

Pathological risk processes

Treatment

Conclusions and recommendations

References

Chapter 60: Anxiety disorders

Introduction

Diagnosis

Assessment

Epidemiology

Longitudinal outcome

Risk factors

Pathophysiology

Treatment

Summary

References

Chapter 61: Obsessive compulsive disorder

Definition: the concept and current issues

Epidemiology

Diagnostic issues

The importance of informant history

Issues with DSM-5 diagnosis

Obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders

Unique childhood onset subtypes

Clinical presentation

Course and natural history

Associated disorders

Case illustrations

The differential diagnosis: distinguishing OCD from other disorders

Theories of etiology

Biological factors

Treatment approaches

Conclusions

References

Chapter 62: Bipolar disorder in childhood

Introduction

Characteristics and diagnosis of the condition

Assessment

Epidemiology

Longitudinal outcome

Risk factors

Pathophysiology

Treatment

Future developments and necessary research

References

Chapter 63: Depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

Clinical picture

Descriptive epidemiology

Course and outcome

Models of depression

Neurobiology of depression

Treatment

Clinical approach to depressed youth

Future clinical and research challenges

References

Chapter 64: Suicidal behavior and self-harm

Definitions of terms

Population prevalence of suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm

Risk factors associated with suicidal phenomena in young people

Psychiatric disorders associated with self-harm and suicide

Exposure to suicide and self-harm in the media, the Internet, and music

Availability of means for self-harm/suicide

Outcome following self-harm

Impact of suicide on peers, school and relatives

Clinical assessment

Treatments for adolescents who have self-harmed

Treatments for adolescents with specific psychiatric disorders

Issues of access to treatment and engagement in treatment

Prevention of self-harm and suicide by children and adolescents

Conclusions, future clinical and research directions

Acknowledgment

References

C: Behavioral

Chapter 65: Oppositional and conduct disorders

Introduction

Classification

Epidemiology

Etiology

School effects

Poverty

Neighborhood influences

Assessment, diagnosis, and formulation

Intervention

Conclusions

References

Chapter 66: Substance-related and addictive disorders

Introduction

Definitions, comparative nosology

Epidemiology

Genetic and environmental risk factors

Longitudinal course

Prevention

Screening, assessment

Treatment

Non-substance “behavioral addictions”

Future developments and necessary research

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 67: Disorders of personality

Why is something like the concept of personality disorders needed?

Current conceptualizations of personality disorder and diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) IV and 5

Key questions

Validation

Differentiation among personality disorders

Utility of the personality disorder concept in childhood and adolescence

Specific personality disorders

The application of personality disorders research in clinical practice

Conclusions

References

Chapter 68: Developmental risk for psychopathy

Introduction: characteristics and diagnosis of psychopathy

Assessment

Epidemiology and longitudinal outcomes

Risk factors

Neurocognitive findings

Treatment implications

Future developments and necessary research

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

D: Somatic/body-brain

Chapter 69: Gender dysphoria and paraphilic sexual disorders

Introduction

Gender dysphoria (GD)

Paraphilic sexual disorders

Summary and conclusions

References

Chapter 70: Sleep interventions: a developmental perspective

Introduction

Epidemiology

Longitudinal outcome and sleep as a risk factor

Assessment

Interventions for common sleep disorders of childhood and adolescence

Technology use

Conclusions and future directions

References

Chapter 71: Feeding and eating disorders

Introduction

Diagnosis and presentation

Epidemiology

Risk factors and etiology

Assessment

Treatment

Outcome

Conclusion

References

Chapter 72: Somatoform and related disorders

Characteristics of the disorders and classification

Clinical presentations, assessment and diagnosis

Epidemiology

Longitudinal outcome and long-term adjustment

Risk factors

Pathological risk processes

Assessment. Treatment and treatment setting

Future developments and necessary research

References

Index

 

 

ebookshop

An aparitie	6 edition -15 Dec 2017
Autor	Anita Thapar (Editor), Daniel S. Pine (Editor), James F. Leckman (Editor), Stephen Scott (Editor), Margaret J. Snowling (Editor), Eric A. Taylor (Editor)
Dimensiuni	21.59 x 4.57 x 27.43 cm
Editura	Wiley-Blackwell
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781118381885
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	1104