Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics 1st Edition

 

Description:

 

Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics

A practical guide to maximizing the diagnostic value of in-house quick assessment tests (QATs)

In Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics, the authors provide a hands-on resource designed to facilitate healthcare delivery across the spectrum of care.

Historically, clinicians have been taught to apply the gold standard approach to the practice of medicine. However, recent advances in veterinary medical care and associated technologies have made practitioners question whether a one-size-fits-all approach is truly best. After all, when we perform diagnostic tests, are we testing out of the desire for completeness, to cover all bases for the good of the patient? Or are we testing because we are expected to?

The reality is that gold standard care is not always advisable and not always possible. In clinical practice, veterinarians frequently encounter obstacles that limit their approaches to case management. Cost of care is a significant constraint that requires practitioners to rethink which diagnostic tests are essential.

Not every patient requires a complete blood count (CBC), chemistry profile, urinalysis, and fecal analysis to obtain diagnostic value. This text suggests that the “best” approach to case management be determined by the situation, the context, the patient, and the client.

While sophisticated panels of tests may remain the recommended approach to case management, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics outlines entry-level, in-house diagnostic blood, urine, fecal, and body cavity fluid tests: how to perform them as well as the breadth and depth of patient-specific data that can be gleaned from quick assessment tests (QATs).

Readers will also find:

A thorough introduction to patient care considerations, communication strategies that facilitate cost-conscious shared decision-making

Comprehensive explorations of quick assessment tests (QATs) in hematology, including packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), buffy coat analysis, blood smears, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), saline agglutination tests, and activated clotting time.

Practical discussions of quick assessment tests (QATs) involving urine, including urine color, dipstick analysis, specific gravity (USG), and urine sediment analysis

Pragmatic evaluation of fecal analysis, including considerations surrounding fecal color, volume, consistency, and odor; saline smears or wet mounts, and fecal flotation.

Discussion on body cavity fluid analysis

Sample case vignettes, complete with question and answer (Q&A)

Perfect for veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary and veterinary technician students, Low-Cost Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics offers a quick and easy reference guide to maximizing diagnostic value in those cases where care is cost-prohibitive.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Part 1: Patient Care Considerations

1 The Gold Standard, Standards of Care, and Spectrum of Care

1.1 Defining the Gold Standard

1.2 Limitations of the Gold Standard

1.3 Returning to the Case of the Cat with Stranguria: a Different Perspective on Standards of Care

1.4 Limitations to Standards of Care

1.5 Spectrum of Care

References

2 Consultation Room Communication Strategies that Facilitate Dialogue on the Diagnostic Approach to Patient Care

2.1 Emergence of Communication as a Clinically Relevant Skill in Human Health Care

2.2 The Evolution of Communication in Veterinary Health Care

2.3 Communication Skills That Are Essential to Diagnosis‐Making

2.4 Concepts of Health Literacy and Compliance

2.5 Using Easy‐to‐Understand (Nonmedical) Language

2.6 Checking in

2.7 Assessing the Client's Knowledge

2.8 Signposting

2.9 Addressing the Cost of Care

References

Part 2: Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Blood

3 Packed Cell Volume

3.1 Procedural Definition: What Is this Test About?

3.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test?

3.3 Equipment

3.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test?

3.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

3.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

3.7 Interpreting Test Results

3.8 Clinical Case Example(s): Can We Link to the Cases in Chapter 5?

3.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

3.10 Key Takeaways

References

4 Total Protein as Measured by Refractometry

4.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

4.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test?

4.3 Equipment

4.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test?

4.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

4.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

4.7 Interpreting Test Result

4.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

4.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Values

4.10 Key Takeaways

Reference

Suggested References

5 Gross and Microscopic Evaluation of the Buffy Coat

5.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

5.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test?

5.3 Equipment

5.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test?

5.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

5.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

5.7 Interpreting Test Results

5.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

5.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

5.10 Key Takeaways

Reference

6 The Blood Film

6.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

6.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

6.3 Equipment

6.4 Procedural Steps: Preparing the Blood Film How Do I Perform This Test?

6.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

6.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

6.7 Interpreting Test Results

6.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

6.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

6.10 Key Takeaways

References

Suggested Bench‐Side Reference

7 Blood Glucose

7.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

7.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

7.3 Equipment

7.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test?

7.5 A Note on Quality Control

7.6 Procedure for Patient Samples

7.7 Time Estimate to Perform Test

7.8 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

7.9 Interpreting Test Results

7.10 Clinical Case Example(s)

7.11 Add‐On Tests That you May Need to Consider and Their Additive Values

7.12 Key Takeaways

References

8 Blood Urea Nitrogen

8.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

8.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

8.3 Equipment

8.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform this Test?

8.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

8.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

8.7 Interpreting Test Results

8.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

8.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

8.10 Key Takeaways

9 Whole Blood Lactate

9.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

9.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

9.3 Equipment

9.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test?

9.5 A Note on Quality Control

9.6 Procedure for Patient Samples

9.7 Time Estimate to Perform Test

9.8 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

9.9 Interpreting Test Results

9.10 Clinical Case Example(s)

9.11 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

9.12 Key Takeaways

References

10 Saline Agglutination Test

10.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

10.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

10.3 Equipment

10.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test?

10.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

10.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

10.7 Interpreting Test Results

10.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

10.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

10.10 Key Takeaways

Reference

11 Activated Clotting Time

11.1 Procedural Definition: (“What Is This Test About?”)

11.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

11.3 Equipment

11.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test?

11.5 Time Estimate To Perform Test

11.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

11.7 Interpreting Test Results

11.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

11.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

11.10 Key Takeaways

Part 3: Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Urine

12 Assessing Urine's Physical Properties

12.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

12.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

12.3 Equipment

12.4 Procedural Steps

12.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

12.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

12.7 Interpreting Test Results

12.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

12.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

12.10 Key Takeaways

12.11 Clinical Pearls

References

13 Urine Specific Gravity

13.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

13.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform this Test?

13.3 Equipment

13.4 Procedural Steps

13.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

13.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

13.7 Interpreting Test Results

13.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

13.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

13.10 Key Takeaways

13.11 Clinical Pearls

References

14 Chemical Evaluation of Urine

14.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

14.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

14.3 Equipment

14.4 Procedural Steps

14.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

14.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

14.7 Interpreting Test Results

14.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

14.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

14.10 Key Takeaways

14.11 Clinical Pearls

References

15 Urine Sediment Examination

15.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

15.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

15.3 Equipment

15.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test?

15.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

15.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

15.7 Interpreting Test Results

15.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

15.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

15.10 Key Takeaways

Reference

Suggested Bench‐Side References

Part 4: Quick Assessment Tests (QATS) Involving Feces

16 Assessing the Physical Properties of Fecal Matter

16.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

16.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

16.3 Equipment

16.4 Procedural Steps

16.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

16.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

16.7 Interpreting Test Results

16.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

16.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

16.10 Key Takeaways

16.11 Clinical Pearls

References

17 Direct Smears

17.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

17.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

17.3 Equipment

17.4 Procedural Steps [1–5, 20, 30, 60–62]

17.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

17.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

17.7 Interpreting Test Results

17.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

17.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

17.10 Key Takeaways

17.11 Clinical Pearls

References

18 Fecal Flotation

18.1 Procedural Definition: Whatis This Test About?

18.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

18.3 Options Available for Fecal Flotation

18.4 Equipment

18.5 Procedural Steps: Fecal Flotation with Fixed‐Angle Centrifuge[1–4, 8, 11, 22, 23, 28]

18.6 Time Estimate to Perform Fecal Flotation with Fixed‐Angle Centrifuge

18.7 Brief Consideration of the Procedural Steps in the Event a Swinging Bucket Centrifuge Is Used

18.8 Equipment

18.9 Procedural Steps

18.10 Time Estimate to Perform Passive Fecal Flotation

18.11 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting for Fecal Flotation

18.12 Interpreting Test Results

18.13 Clinical Case Example(s)

18.14 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

18.15 Key Takeaways

18.16 Clinical Pearls

References

Part 5: Quick Assessment of Body Cavity Fluids

19 Body Cavity Fluid Analysis

19.1 Procedural Definition: What Is This Test About?

19.2 Procedural Purpose: Why Should I Perform This Test?

19.3 Equipment

19.4 Procedural Steps: How Do I Perform This Test?

19.5 Time Estimate to Perform Test

19.6 Procedural Tips and Troubleshooting

19.7 Interpreting Test Results

19.8 Clinical Case Example(s)

19.9 Add‐On Tests That You May Need to Consider and Their Additive Value

19.10 Key Takeaways

References

Suggested Bench‐Side References

Part 6: Clinical Cases

20 Clinical Cases

1 Case #1

2 Case #2

3 Case #3

4 Case #4

5 Case #5

6 Case #6

7 Case #7

8 Case #8

9 Case #9

10 Case #10

11 Case #11

12 Case #12

13 Case #13

14 Case #14

15 Case #15

References

Index

End User License Agreement

 

An aparitie	6 Feb. 2023
Autor	Sharon M. Dial
Dimensiuni	22.1 x 2.79 x 27.69 cm
Editura	Wiley
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781119714507
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	368