Glaucoma (Wills Eye Institute Atlas Series)

Developed at Philadelphia’s world-renowned Wills Eye Hospital, the Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology series covers the most clinically relevant aspects of ophthalmology in a highly visual, easy-to-use format. Vibrant, full-color photos and a consistent outline structure present a succinct, high-yield approach to the seven topics covered by this popular series: Cornea, Retina, Glaucoma, Oculoplastics, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Pediatrics, and Uveitis. This in-depth, focused approach makes each volume an excellent companion to the larger Wills Eye Manual as well as a practical stand-alone reference for students, residents, and practitioners in every area of ophthalmology.

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1 Basic Science of Aqueous Humor Outflow

Aqueous Flow

Optic Nerve

Chapter 2 Tonometry

Introduction

Goldmann Applanation Tonometer

Schiötz Tonometer

Perkins Tonometer

Noncontact Tonometers

Tono-Pen

Pneumotonometer

Dynamic Contour Tonometry

iCare Tonometer

Promising Developments

Chapter 3 Gonioscopy

Introduction

Direct Gonioscopy

Indirect Gonioscopy

Estimating the Anterior Chamber Depth

Anterior Segment Imaging

Gonioscopy Technique

Elements of the Angle Anatomy

Identification of Angle Structures

Classification of the Angle

Pigment Deposition and Gonioscopy

Iridocorneoendothelial Syndrome (Ice Syndrome)

Use of Gonioscopy in Trauma

Traumatic Intraocular Foreign Bodies

Postoperative Evaluation

Chapter 4 Anterior Segment Imaging (UBM and Ant Seg OCT)

Introduction

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Open-Angle Glaucoma

Other Conditions

Surgery and Glaucoma

Aqueous Outflow Pathway

Chapter 5 Optic Nerve Imaging

Introduction

Stereophotography

Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy

Scanning Laser Polarimetry

Optical Coherence Tomography (Structural)

Optical Coherence Tomography (Angiography)

Conclusion

Chapter 6 Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Imaging: Peripapillary, and Macular Regions

Introduction

Structural Tests

Photography

Optical Coherence Tomography

Acknowledgments

Chapter 7 Psychophysical Testing

Introduction

Purpose of Test

Description

Glaucoma Progression Analysis

Common Optic Nerve Localizing Visual Fields Found in Patients With Glaucoma

Newer Psychophysical Testing: Frequency-Doubling Perimetry and Short-Wave Automated Perimetry

Electrophysiology Tests

Chapter 8 Blood Flow in Glaucoma

Introduction

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal Oximetry

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography

Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Other Hemodynamic Imaging Techniques

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy

Mitochondrial Activity

Fluorescein and Indocyanine Green Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Angiography

Color Doppler Imaging

Pulsatile Assessments of Ocular Blood Flow

Acknowledgments

Disclosures

Chapter 9 Chidlhood Glaucoma

Introduction

Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Glaucoma Associated With Congenital Anomalies

Aniridia

Axenfeld Anomaly

Rieger Anomaly

Rieger Syndrome

Peters Anomaly

Marfan Syndrome

Microspherophakia

Sturge–Weber Syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis)

Neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen Disease and Bilateral Acoustic Neurofibromatosis)

Congenital Anterior Staphyloma and Keratectasia

Sclerocornea

Ectopia Lentis and Ectopia Lentis Et Pupillae

Chapter 10 Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Low Tension Glaucoma

Introduction

Definition

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

History

Clinical Examination

Special Tests

Treatment

A Conceptual Approach to the Treatment of Glaucoma

Reversibility of Glaucoma

Chapter 11 Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma (Steroid-induced, PXF, PDS)

Pigment Dispersion Syndrome

Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

Steroid-Responsive Glaucoma

Chapter 12 Uveitic Glaucomas

Introduction

Epidemiology

Etiology

Open-Angle Mechanisms

Closed-Angle Mechanisms

Diagnosis

Management

Management of Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Specific Entities

Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis

Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis (Posner–Schlossman Syndrome)

Herpetic Keratouveitis

Diagnostic Evaluation

Syphilitic Interstitial Keratitis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Lens-Induced Uveitis and Glaucoma

Sarcoidosis

Chapter 13 Lens-Associated Glaucomas

Introduction

Lens Protein or Phacolytic Glaucoma

Lens Particle Glaucoma

Lens-Associated Uveitis (Phacoanaphylaxis)

Phacomorphic Glaucoma

Chapter 14 Traumatic Glaucoma

Introduction

Traumatic Hyphema

Angle Recession

Cyclodialysis Cleft

Chapter 15 Primary Acute Angle Closure and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

Background

Primary Acute Angle Closure

Chapter 16 Secondary Angle–Closure Glaucoma

Neovascular Glaucoma

Iridocorneal Syndromes

Aqueous Misdirection Syndrome (Malignant Glaucoma)

Uveitis Glaucoma Hyphema Syndrome

Chapter 17 Glaucoma Secondary to Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure

Introduction

Carotid–Cavernous Fistula

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Idiopathic Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure (Radius-Maumenee Syndrome)

Other Causes of Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure

Chapter 18 Medical Management

Introduction

Description and Physiology

Alpha-Agonists

Beta-Blockers

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Hyperosmolar Agents

Miotics

Prostaglandins

Rho Kinase Inhibitors

Sympathomimetic Agents

Combination Agents

Extended-Release Prostaglandin Analogue Depot

Technique of Drop Instillation

Chapter 19 Laser Trabeculoplasty

Introduction

Laser Overview

Mechanism of Action

Efficacy

Chapter 20 Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery: Anterior Chamber–Schlemm Canal Stents (iStent, iStent inject, Hydrus)

Introduction

Indications

iStent

iStent Inject/Infinite

Hydrus

CHAPTER 21 Schlemm Canal Surgery—Dilation and Ablation

Introduction

Indications

Canaloplasty

Trabecular Meshwork Ablating Procedures: Direct Blade Approach and Catheter Approach

Chapter 22 Deep Sclerectomy Surgery for Glaucoma

Introduction

Studies

Surgical Technique

Postoperative Care

Conclusion

Chapter 23 Trabeculectomy, the Ex-Press Mini Glaucoma Shunt, the Xen, and the Preserflo Microshunts

Trabeculectomy

Surgical Technique

Intraoperative Application of Antimetabolites

Postoperative Care

Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Bleb Vascularization

Bleb Needling

Complications

Ex-Press Mini Glaucoma Shunt

Surgical Technique

Xen Glaucoma Implant

Preserflo Glaucoma Implant

Acknowledgment

Chapter 24 Glaucoma Drainage Devices

Description

Surgical Technique

Chapter 25 Cyclodestructive Procedures for Glaucoma

Introduction

Techniques

Postprocedure Care

Complications

Chapter 26 Late Complications of Incisional Glaucoma Surgery

Introduction

Hypotony

Bleb Leaks

Giant Blebs

The Failing Bleb: Encapsulation

Circumferential Bleb

Tube Shunt Erosions

Index