Clinical Medicine for Optometrists

 

Description:

Providing a solid foundation in clinical medicine for optometrists and optometry students, Clinical Medicine for Optometrists covers the systemic medical conditions that have serious impacts on ocular health and function, as well as the ocular exam findings that may be an early indication of significant systemic disease. This unique text explains important medical considerations for optometric practice, meeting the needs of clinical medicine courses in optometry programs, and also serving as a practical reference for optometrists in practice. 

 

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Table of Contents:

 

 

CHAPTER 1:  Evidence-­­­Based Medicine and the Medical Literature

Section 1: The Analysis of Medical Literature

Part 1

Study Design

Study Hypothesis

Significance

Size of the Effect

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Part 2: Clinical Examples

Randomized Controlled Trials

Cohort Studies

Meta-­­­Analysis

Records Review

Section 2: Principles of Laboratory Investigation

Reporting of Laboratory Values: Sensitivity and Specificity

Influential Factors on Laboratory Test Results

The Concepts of Primary and Secondary Prevention

CHAPTER 2:  Hypertension

Section 1: Hypertension

Epidemiology

Hypertension Pathophysiology

Definitions of Hypertension

Diagnosis of Hypertension

Essential and Secondary Hypertension

Hypertensive Urgency and Emergency

Clinical Impacts of Hypertension

Hypertension Management

Prehypertension

Hypertension: Blood Pressure Treatment Goal

Barriers to Hypertension Treatment

Approach to Hypertension Treatment

Hypertension in the Modern Era of Cardiovascular Medicine

Section 2: Cardiovascular Drug Therapy

Angiotensin Agents

Clinical Effects and Indications

Adverse Effects

Monitoring on Therapy

Beta-­­­Blockers

Clinical Effects and Indications

Adverse Effects

Monitoring on Therapy

Alpha-­­­Blockers

Clinical Effects and Indications

Adverse Effects

Monitoring on Therapy

Calcium Channel Blockers

Clinical Effects and Indications

Adverse Effects

Monitoring on Therapy

Diuretics

Clinical Effects and Indications

Adverse Effects

Monitoring on Therapy

CHAPTER 3:  Lipid Disorders, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cardiac Testing

Section 1: Cardiac Testing

Systolic and Diastolic Function

Introduction to the Electrocardiogram

ECG Abnormalities

Conduction Blocks and Delays

Arrhythmias

Hypertrophy

Ischemia and Infarction

Cardiac Testing

The Cardiac Physical Exam

Section 2: Lipid Disorders

Cholesterol Homeostasis and Measurement

Diagnosis of Dyslipidemias

Ocular Manifestations of Dyslipidemia

Treatment of Dyslipidemias

Comorbid Risk Factors

Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia

Aspirin Therapy

Atherosclerosis

Risk Factor Assessment for Arteriosclerosis

Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis

Coronary Artery Disease

Cerebrovascular Disease

Carotid Artery Disease

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Overview of Risk Determination and Prevention

CHAPTER 4:  Intrinsic Cardiovascular Disorders

Section 1: Cardiac Valvular Disease

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Aortic Valve Insufficiency

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Mitral Valve Insufficiency

Marfan Syndrome

Section 2: Cardiac Complications of Infectious Diseases

Rheumatic Fever

Infectious Endocarditis

Section 3: Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure

Cardiomyopathy

Congestive Heart Failure

Cardiac Physiology

Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction

Left and Right Heart Failure

Treatments for Heart Failure

RAAS Inhibition

Diuretics

Beta Blockers

Fluid Optimization

Section 4: Cardiac Arrhythmia and Embolic Stroke

Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation

CHAPTER 5:  Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Classification

Epidemiology of Diabetes

Pathophysiology: Hormones and Glucose Homeostasis

Insulin Deficiency and Ketone Production

Insulin Resistance

Hypoglycemia

Diagnosis and Medical Testing in Diabetes

Common Tests in Diabetes

Clinical Presentation of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Complications of Diabetes

Microvascular Disease

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Cataract

Nephropathy

Neuropathy

Macrovascular Disease

Dermatological and Infectious Disease

Treatment of Diabetes

CHAPTER 6:  Endocrinology

Section 1: Pituitary

Growth Hormone

Prolactin

Gonadotropins

Antidiuretic Hormone

Section 2: Adrenal

Adrenal Cortex

Adrenal Insufficiency

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Adrenal Medulla

Section 3: Thyroid

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid Eye Disease

Thyroid Cancer

Section 4: Calcium and Osteoporosis

Hyper-­­­ and Hypocalcemia

Osteoporosis

CHAPTER 7:  Gastroenterology

Basics of GI Imaging And Therapy

Testing in Gastroenterology

Acid-­­­Suppressing Therapy

Gastrointestinal Illness

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Description and Pathogenesis

Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Nonsteroidal Anti-­­­Inflammatory Drugs and Peptic Ulcer Disease

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Prognosis and Treatment

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Description and Pathogenesis

Clinical Manifestations

Extraintestinal Manifestations

Diagnosis

Prognosis and Treatment

Celiac Disease and Gluten Intolerance

Description and Pathogenesis

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Prognosis and Treatment

Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity

Functional Bowel Disease

Description and Pathogenesis

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnosis

Prognosis and Treatment

CHAPTER 8:  Hematology and Oncology

Section 1: Hematology

Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells

Platelets

Lab Testing in Hematology

Diseases of Formed Elements of the Blood

Disorders of Red Blood Cells

Erythroid Aplasia

White Blood Cells

Platelets

Clotting Pathways

Section 2: Oncology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer Screening

Cancer Risk Factors

Cancer Staging

Cancer Treatment

Surgery

Radiation

Radiation Toxicity

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy Toxicity

Targeted Therapy

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Prostate Cancer

Breast Cancer

Colorectal Cancer

Cervical Cancer

Lung Cancer

Wilms Tumor

Ocular Manifestations in Systemic Cancer

Cancer Metastasis to the Globe, Orbit, and Efferent Visual Pathway

Paraneoplastic Disease of the Globe and Efferent Visual Pathway

Talking About Cancer

CHAPTER 9:  Infectious Diseases

Section 1

Clinical Syndromes

Pneumonia and Pneumonitis

Pathogens in Pneumonia

Opportunistic Pneumonia

Atypical Pneumonia

Sinusitis

Cellulitis

Orbital Cellulitis

Preseptal Cellulitis

Meningitis and Encephalitis

Hepatitis

Sepsis

Section 2

Pathogens

Tuberculosis

Herpesvirus

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2

Varicella-­zoster virus

Cytomegalovirus

Human herpesvirus 8

Other Pathogens

Molluscum contagiosum

Toxoplasmosis

Candidiasis

Cat scratch disease

Rubella

Spirochetal Diseases

Lyme disease

Syphilis

CHAPTER 10:  HIV Infection

Section 1: Epidemiology and Diagnosis

Definitions and History

Modes of Transmission, Risk Behaviors, and Statistics

Diagnostic Testing

Section 2: Symptoms and Stages of HIV Infection

The Relationship Between HIV Viral Load and CD4 Counts

Acute HIV Infection

Chronic HIV Infection

Section 3: AIDS

Endogenous and Exogenous Organisms: From Normal Flora to Pathogens

How Diseases Behave in HIV-­­­Positive Persons

CD4 Count and Associated Diseases, Prevention, and Treatments

AIDS-­­­Associated Infections

HIV-­­­Related Malignancies

Section 4: HIV-­­­Associated Diseases

HIV-­­­Related Diseases Affecting the Eye and Vision

Section 5: Vaccinations, Screening, and Primary Care of the HIV-­­­Infected Patient

Section 6: Treatment and Prevention of HIV

Antiretroviral Therapy

Adherence and Resistance

Timing of ART and Potential Complications: IRIS

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

PEP and PREP

HIV Vaccines and Cure Strategies

CHAPTER 11:  Rheumatology

Assessment of Rheumatologic Disease and Common Rheumatologic Tests

Rheumatologic Diseases and Their Ocular Manifestations

Giant Cell Arteritis

Signs and Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis

Ocular Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis

Giant Cell Arteritis Treatment

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Signs and Symptoms of Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Polymyalgia Rheumatica Diagnosis

Polymyalgia Rheumatica Treatment

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ocular Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Signs and Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Ocular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment

Sjogren Syndrome

Signs and Symptoms of Sjogren Syndrome

Ocular Sjogren Syndrome

Sjogren Syndrome Diagnosis

Sjogren Syndrome Treatment

Sarcoidosis

Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis

Ocular Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis Diagnosis

Sarcoidosis Treatment

Spondyloarthropathies

Signs and Symptoms of Spondyloarthritis

Ocular Spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis Diagnosis

Spondyloarthritis Treatment

Osteoarthritis

Signs and Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis Diagnosis

Osteoarthritis Treatment

Systemic Sclerosis

Limited Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms

Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis: Signs and Symptoms

Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis

Systemic Sclerosis Treatment

CHAPTER 12:  Neurology

Cerebrovascular Disease

Approach to Vision Loss From Cerebrovascular Disease

Vision Loss From Stroke

Cerebrovascular Ophthalmoplegia

Transient Monocular Vision Loss

Retinal Artery Occlusion

Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Bell Palsy

Myasthenia Gravis

Horner Syndrome

Neoplasm

Neoplastic Vision Loss

Neoplastic Ophthalmoplegia

Headache Syndromes

Primary Headache Syndromes

Migraine

Retinal Migraine

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias

SUNCT and SUNA

Cluster Headache

Paroxysmal Hemicrania

Hemicrania Continua

Secondary Headache Syndromes

Headache Secondary to Elevated Intracranial Pressure

Headache Secondary to Vascular Disorders

Headache Secondary to Intracranial Mass Lesions

Headache Secondary to Disorders of the Eye

Optic Neuritis

Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis

CHAPTER 13:  Dermatology

Rosacea

Diagnostic Phenotypes

Ocular Rosacea

Acne

Dermatological Manifestation of Dyslipidemias

Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

CHAPTER 14:  Pulmonary

Section 1: Asthma and Allergic Disease

Section 2: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Section 3: Common Pulmonary Medications for Asthma and COPD

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Nasal Glucocorticoids

β-­­­Adrenergic Agonists

Muscarinic Antagonists

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

Section 4: Cystic Fibrosis

CHAPTER 15:  Neuroimaging: Diagnostic Imaging of the Orbit and Visual Pathway

Imaging Modalities and Basic Principles

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Planes

Contrast Agents

Basic Imaging Anatomy

Imaging of Orbital Abnormalities

Imaging of Sellar, Suprasellar, and Cavernous Sinus Abnormalities

Brain Abnormalities

Index

 

An aparitie	12 Dec. 2020
Autor	David Shein
Dimensiuni	15.27 x 22.86 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Paperback
ISBN	9781975146511
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	544
Versiune digitala	DA