Biopsy Interpretation of the Liver 4th edition

 

Description:

Part of the highly regarded Biopsy Interpretation Series, Biopsy Interpretation of the Liver, 4th Edition, provides practical, highly illustrated information on the diagnosis and prognosis of the full range of biopsies of the liver. Practical, well-organized, and highly readable, this fully revised volume by Dr. Michael S. Torbenson addresses both common and unusual issues that arise in the day-to-day interpretation of liver biopsies, teaching the best diagnostic practices as well as how to avoid the most common pitfalls. 

 

 

Table of Contents:

 

1: General Approach to Biopsy Specimens

ROUTINE STAINS FOR LIVER BIOPSY SPECIMEN EVALUATION

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INFORMATION

BIOPSY ADEQUACY

Sampling Error

PREDOMINANT PATTERN OF INJURY

Be Systematic

EVALUATING FIBROSIS

BIOPSIES OF TUMORS

GENERAL APPROACH TO BIOPSY REPORTS

USE OF OUTSIDE CONSULTANTS

EVALUATING THE LITERATURE

PERSONAL IMAGE/SLIDE LIBRARIES

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 1, General Approach to Biopsy Specimens

2: Liver Injury Patterns

NORMAL LIVER

Portal Tracts

Lobules

Connecting the Lobules and the Biliary Tree

Central Veins

Normal Age-Related Changes in the Liver

ACUTE LIVER FAILURE

ACUTE HEPATITIS, CHRONIC HEPATITIS, AND ACUTE ON CHRONIC HEPATITIS

MOST COMMON LIVER INJURY PATTERNS

Hepatitic Pattern

Possible Histological Clues to the Etiology

RESOLVING HEPATITIS PATTERN

FATTY LIVER DISEASE

BILIARY OBSTRUCTIVE PATTERN

BLAND LOBULAR CHOLESTASIS

DUCTOPENIA

PATTERNS OF NECROSIS

Bland Necrosis

Zone 3 Pattern

Zone 1 Pattern

Zone 2 Pattern

CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES

VASCULAR DISEASE

Peliosis Hepatis

OTHER PATTERNS

Giant Cell Transformation Pattern

FIBROSIS EVALUATION

Specimen Adequacy

Wedge Biopsy Specimen

Sinusoidal Fibrosis

Portal-Based Fibrosis and Fibrosis Progression

Diagnosing Fibrosis

COMMON CHALLENGES IN FIBROSIS STAGING

Markedly Inflamed Portal Tracts

Bridging Necrosis

Fragmented Specimens

Fibrous Caps

Portal Tract Branch Points

Advanced Fibrosis Without Well-Defined Nodularity

NONINVASIVE MARKERS OF FIBROSIS

FIBROSIS REGRESSION PATTERNS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 2, Liver Injury Patterns

3: Immunohistochemistry and Special Stains in Liver Pathology

ETERNAL LAWS OF SPECIAL STAINS AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

UP-FRONT STAINS

STAINS HELPFUL IN THE EVALUATION OF INJURY PATTERNS

Stains to See If Liver Is Normal/Nearly Normal

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 3, Immunohistochemistry and Special Stains in Liver Pathology

4: The Almost Normal Liver Biopsy

OVERVIEW

LIVER ENZYMES

PORTAL TRACT CHANGES

HEPATOCYTE CHANGES

The “Resolving Hepatitis Pattern”

SINUSOIDAL CHANGES

THE DIFFERENTIAL FOR THE ALMOST NORMAL LIVER BIOPSY

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 4, Almost Normal Liver Biopsy

5: Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis

GRADING AND STAGING BIOPSIES WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS

RISK FACTORS FOR FIBROSIS PROGRESSION

HEPATITIS A

Histological Findings

Atypical Clinical Courses

HEPATITIS B

Acute Hepatitis B

Chronic Hepatitis B

Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis B

HEPATITIS D

HEPATITIS C

Acute Hepatitis C

Chronic Hepatitis C

Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C and Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome

HEPATITIS E

Acute HEV

Chronic Hepatitis E

Confirmatory Tests

OTHER CAUSES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Adenovirus (ADV)

Epstein Barr-Viral Hepatitis (EBV)

Enteric Viruses

COVID-19

Other Viruses

ADULT GIANT CELL HEPATITIS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 5, Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis

6: Other Infections of the Liver

BACTERIAL ABSCESS

OTHER PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL INFECTION

Syphilis

Whipple Disease

TICK-BORNE DISEASES

MALARIAL INFECTION

ECHINOCOCCOSIS

Cystic Echinococcosis

Echinococcus multilocularis

Neotropical Echinococcosis

Entamoeba histolytica

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 6, Other Infections of the Liver

7: Granulomatous Disease

GENERAL APPROACH TO GRANULOMAS

SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO GRANULOMAS

MORPHOLOGIC TYPES OF GRANULOMAS AND THEIR DISEASE CORRELATES

Fibrin Ring Granulomas

GRANULOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIONS

Fungal Infections, General Patterns

Schistosomiasis

Viral Infections

Sarcoidosis

OTHER DISEASES WITH GRANULOMAS

GRANULOMAS AND NEOPLASMS

IDIOPATHIC GRANULOMAS

OTHER CAUSES

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 7, Granulomatous Disease

8: Drug-Induced Liver Injury

OVERALL APPROACH TO LIVER BIOPSY AND DRUG REACTION

HISTOLOGICAL CLUES TO A DRUG REACTION

IDIOPATHIC PATTERNS OF INJURY

Hepatic Pattern

Resolving Pattern of Hepatitis

Prolonged Liver Enzyme Elevations After Stopping a Medication

Granulomas

Cholangitic Pattern

Bland Lobular Cholestasis Pattern

Ductopenic Pattern

Fatty Pattern

Isolated Hyperammonemia

Toxic Injury Patterns

ALLERGIC INJURY PATTERN

OTHER PATTERNS

Medications Associated With Fibrosis

Vascular Changes Associated With Drug Effects

Drug-Induced Cytoplasmic Changes and Inclusions

Glycogenic Hepatopathy

Excess Vitamin A

Chemotherapy-Related Changes

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 8, Drug Effects

9: Fatty Liver Disease

NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

TERMINOLOGY

METABOLIC SYNDROME, DEFINITION

CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS

NATURAL HISTORY

TREATMENT

AUTOANTIBODIES

HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS

Historical Overview

Differentiating Steatosis From Steatohepatitis

Steatosis

Inflammation

Ballooned Hepatocytes (Also Called Ballooned Cells)

OTHER FINDINGS IN FATTY LIVER DISEASE

ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE

SCORING SYSTEMS

Fibrosis Staging

OTHER CAUSES OF MACROVESICULAR STEATOSIS

MICROVESICULAR STEATOSIS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 9, Fatty Liver Disease

10: Autoimmune Hepatitis

DEFENITION AND KEY CLINICAL FINDINGS

DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

CLINICAL FINDINGS

Presentation

Treatment

SEROLOGICAL FINDINGS AND SUBTYPES

SERONEGATIVE AIH

HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS

Fulminant Hepatitis

Acute Hepatitis Presentation

Portal Tracts

Lobules

Zone 3 Pattern of Hepatitis

AIH Undergoing Treatment

Cryptogenic Cirrhosis Pattern

Immunostain Findings

Fibrosis

ASSOCIATIONS WITH OTHER DISEASES

DIFFERENTATIAL DIAGNOSIS

ADULT SYNCYTIAL GIANT CELL HEPATITIS

OVERLAP SYNDROMES

PBC and AIH Overlap

Autoimmune Sclerosing Cholangitis

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 10, Autoimmune Hepatitis

11: Biliary Tract Disease and Cholestatic Liver Disease

BLAND LOBULAR CHOLESTASIS PATTERN

ACUTE BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Differential

Special Stains

CHRONIC BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Differential

Immunohistochemical Stains

BACTERIAL CHOLANGITIS

Ascending Cholangitis

Segmental Cholangiectasia

CHOLANGITIS LENTA

PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Fibrosis Staging

Differential

SMALL-DUCT PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

IGG4 SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Immunohistochemistry

Differential

SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS WITH GRANULOCYTIC EPITHELIAL LESION

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Differential Diagnosis

PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS/CHOLANGITIS

Definition

Nomenclature

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Prematurely Ductopenic Variant of PBC

AMA-Negative PBC

PBC and Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome

Supplementary Stains

Differential

OTHER CAUSES OF CHRONIC BILIARY TRACT DISEASE

Cystic Fibrosis

Vasculitis-Induced Chronic Biliary Tract Disease

HIV-Associated Cholangiopathy

Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy

Severely Ill Patients

CONGENITAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND CAROLI DISEASE

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE

GIANT CELL TRANSFORMATION OF BILE DUCTS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 11, Biliary Tract Disease and Cholestatic Liver Disease

12: Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease

BILIARY ATRESIA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Etiology

Treatment

Imaging Findings

Histological Findings

Differential

NEONATAL HEPATITIS

Definition

Clinical Findings

Etiology

Histological Findings

PAUCITY OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histological Findings

Key Distinguishing Features of the Major Neonatal Cholestatic Liver Diseases

FAMILIAL CHOLESTASIS OVERVIEW

Overview

Serum Findings

Histological Findings

ATP8B1 Mutations/FIC Deficiency

ABCB11 Mutations/BSEP Deficiency

ABCB4 Mutations/MDR3 Deficiency

INHERITED DEFECTS IN BILIRUBIN METABOLISM

OTHER CAUSES OF NEONATAL CHOLESTASIS

Genetic Causes of Neonatal Cholestasis

Other Causes

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 12, Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease

13: Vascular Disease

CONGENITAL/GENETIC ABNORMALITIES

Abernethy Syndrome

VATER Syndrome

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

NONGENETIC HEPATIC INFLOW ABNORMALITIES

Portal Vein Thrombosis

Idiopathic Portal Hypertension and Hepatoportal Sclerosis

Hepatic Artery Disease

SINUSOIDAL DISEASE

Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome

Radiation Changes

Sickle Cell Disease

Other Causes of Sinusoidal Obstruction

VASCULAR OUTFLOW DISEASE

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Heart Failure

Other Causes of Sinusoidal Dilatation

NODULAR REGENERATIVE HYPERPLASIA

PELIOSIS HEPATIS

HEREDITARY LYMPHEDEMA

PARTIAL NODULAR TRANSFORMATION

PSEUDOTUMORS AND TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR FLOW ABNORMALITIES

Ischemic Infarcts

Macroregenerative Nodules

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Segmental Atrophy and Nodular Elastosis

Regenerative Hepatic Pseudotumor

Hepatic Adenomas

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 13, Vascular Disease

14: Transplant Pathology

DONOR LIVER EVALUATION

PRESERVATION CHANGES IN THE ALLOGRAFT

ACUTE CELLULAR REJECTION

Definition

Clinical Findings

Laboratory Findings

Histologic Findings

Immunostain Findings

Differential for Acute Cellular Rejection

OTHER PATTERNS OF ACUTE CELLULAR REJECTION

Lobular Based Rejection

Central Perivenulitis

Chronic Hepatitis Pattern

Plasma-Cell-Rich Rejection and De Novo Autoimmune Hepatitis

ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Immunostain Findings

Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection

CHRONIC REJECTION

Clinical and Laboratory Findings

Histologic Findings

Differential

BILIARY OBSTRUCTION

Clinical Findings and Laboratory Findings

Histologic Findings

Differential

HEPATIC ARTERY INSUFFICIENCY

Clinical and Laboratory Findings

Histologic Findings

Differential Diagnoses

OTHER VASCULAR PROBLEMS

Small-for-Size Graft

Congestive Hepatopathy Due to Piggyback Graft

OPPORTUNISTIC VIRAL INFECTIONS

Hepatitis E Virus

Human Herpesvirus

RECURRENT HEPATITIS C

Clinical Findings and Laboratory Findings

Histologic Findings

OTHER RECURRENT DISEASES

Recurrent Hepatitis B

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis/Cholangitis

Autoimmune Hepatitis

OTHER FINDINGS

Glycogenic Hepatopathy

Drug-Induced Liver Injury

GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE

Definition

Clinical Findings

Laboratory Findings

Histologic Findings

ENGRAFTMENT SYNDROME

POSTTRANSPLANT LYMHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 14, Transplant Pathology

15: Iron Overload in the Liver

OVERVIEW

NORMAL IRON METABOLISM

Iron Absorption

Iron Storage

Iron Release From Stores in the Enterocytes, Liver, and Macrophages

Mutations in Iron-Related Genes

IRON BLOOD TESTING

DETECTION OF IRON IN THE LIVER

Iron Stains

Iron Grading Systems

Quantitative Measurement of Hepatic Iron Concentrations

Hepatic Iron Index

Noninvasive Measurements of Hepatic Iron

HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN IRON OVERLOAD

Up-Front Stains

Iron in Hepatocytes

Iron in Bile Ducts

Iron in Kupffer Cells

Iron Staining of Endothelium

Iron-Positive Staining in Hepatocyte Nuclei

GENETIC VERSUS SECONDARY CAUSES OF IRON OVERLOAD

When Should Pathologists Suggest Additional Testing to Rule Out Genetic Hemochromatosis?

HFE HEMOCHROMATOSIS

Genetics

Clinical Presentation

Clinical Indications for Liver Biopsy in Individuals With HFE Mutations

Histological Findings

Links Between HFE Mutations and Other Chronic Diseases

RARE CAUSES OF GENETIC HEOCHROMATOSIS

Hemojuvelin Mutations (Usually Children/Young Adults)

Transferrin Receptor Gene 2 (Usually Adults/Late Onset, But Broad Range)

DMT-1 Mutations (Usually Older Children)

Ferritin Mutations (Hyperferritinemia)

Transferrin Mutations

Ceruloplasmin Mutations

More to Come

NONHEPATOCELLULAR GENETIC OVERLOAD DISEASE

Ferroportin Disease

NEONATAL HEMOCHROMATOSIS

Differential

IRON OVERLOAD IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS

Cirrhotic Livers

Iron in the Explanted Liver

Iron in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

ACQUIRED IRON OVERLOAD

Transfusion-Dependent Anemias

Sideroblastic Anemia

Glucose-6-Phosphatase Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Excess Iron Intake

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 15, Iron Overload Disease

16: Genetic Diseases of the Liver

OVERVIEW OF GENETIC DISEASES

ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY

Definition and Mechanism

Clinical

Pathology

Differential

Special Stains

WILSON DISEASE

Definition and Mechanism

Clinical

Histological Findings

Copper Stains

Quantitative Copper

OTHER COPPER OVERLOAD DISEASES

GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 0

Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia/b

Glycogen Storage Disease Type II

Glycogen Storage Disease Type III

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV

Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IX

Glycogen Storage Disease Type XI

Lafora Disease

UREA CYCLE DEFECTS

Clinical Findings

Histological Findings

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE DISEASE

INBORN ERRORS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM

PRADER-WILLI DISEASE

GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY

ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA

DISORDERS OF LIPID METABOLISM

Gaucher Disease

Niemann-Pick Disease

Tangier Disease

Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency

DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIA

SHORT TELOMERE SYNDROME

TURNER SYNDROME

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 16, Wilson Disease and Other Genetic Diseases

17: Liver Disease in Systemic Conditions

AMYLOID

Leukocyte Chemotactic Factor 2 Amyloid

Stains and Other Ancillary Studies

Amyloid-like Material That Is Congo Red Negative

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings

Histologic Findings

Fibrosis

DIABETES MELLITUS

Glycogenic Hepatopathy

Macrovesicular Steatosis

Diabetic Hepatosclerosis

HYPERTENSION, SYSTEMIC

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

Hypopituitary Disease

Thyroid Disease

HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

General Pattern of Reactive Kupffer Cell Hyperplasia With Hemophagocytosis

Langerhans Histiocytosis

Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis

Mast Cell Disease

INFLAMMATION OF THE GUT

Celiac Disease

Crohn Disease

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

PREGNANCY

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Preeclampsia/Eclampsia With HELLP Syndrome

Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy

SEPSIS

THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 17, Liver Disease in Systemic Conditions

18: Cryptogenic Cirrhosis

INTRODUCTION

CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS

Definition

Frequency

Natural History

Histological Findings in Liver Transplants for Clinically Cryptogenic Cirrhosis

Outcomes After Liver Transplantation

HISTOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR CLINICALLY CRYPTOGENIC CIRRHOSIS

General Approach to Cryptogenic Cirrhosis

CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING THE CAUSE OF CIRRHOSIS

Nonspecific Findings

Contribution of Coexisting Diseases

Burned-Out Disease

GENERAL PATTERNS OF CIRRHOSIS

Micronodular and Macronodular Cirrhosis

Biliary Pattern of Cirrhosis

PRACTICAL APPROACH

Cirrhosis, No Cause Identified Histologically

Cirrhosis, Possible Cause Identified Histologically

Cirrhosis, Probable or Definite Cause Identified Histologically

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 18, Cryptogenic cirrhosis

19: Benign and Malignant Pediatric Tumors

VASCULAR MALFORMATION

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histology

Immunostains

Differential Diagnosis

MESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histology

Immunostains

EMBRYONAL SARCOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Immunohistochemistry

Differential

ANGIOSARCOMAS

RHABDOMYOSARCOMA

MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Immunohistochemical Findings

CALCIFYING NESTED STROMAL-EPITHELIAL TUMOR

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Immunohistochemical Findings

BENIGN NODULAR LESIONS IN CHOLESTATIC PEDIATRIC LIVER DISEASE

FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA

PEDIATRIC HEPATIC ADENOMAS

HEPATOBLASTOMAS

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histologic Findings

Mesenchymal Components

Teratoid Hepatoblastoma

Prognosis

Diagnostic Challenges

Molecular Findings

HEPATOCELLULAR MALIGNANT NEOPLASM NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

PEDIATRIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

Morphology

PEDIATRIC BILIARY TUMORS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 19, Pediatric Benign and Malignant Tumors

20: Adult Benign and Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors

PSEUDOTUMORS OF THE LIVER

ECTOPIC SPLEEN

SEGMENTAL ATROPHY OF THE LIVER AND NODULAR ELASTOSIS

Definition

Clinical

Histological Findings

INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOTUMOR

Definition

Clinical

Histology

Differential

CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histology

CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA

ANASTOMOSING HEMANGIOMA

EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histological Findings

Immunostains

ANGIOSARCOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histological Findings

Immunostains

ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

Definition

Clinical

Histology

Immunostains

SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR

Definition

Clinical

Histology

Immunostains

OTHER MESENCHYMAL TUMORS

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 20, Adult Benign and Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors

21: Hepatocellular Pseudotumors and Tumors

REGENERATIVE HEPATIC PSEUDOTUMOR

FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA

Definition

Clinical

Histology

Immunohistochemical Stains

Differential

HEPATIC ADENOMA

Definition

Clinical

Histology

Hepatic Adenoma Subtypes

Atypical Hepatic Adenomas

Immunostains

Malignant Transformation of Hepatic Adenomas

MACROREGENERATIVE NODULES

DYSPLATIC NODULE

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Definition

Clinical

How to Make the Histologic Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular Grading

Background Liver

Prognosis

Histology

Histochemical Stains and Immunostains

Differential Diagnoses

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA SUBTYPES

Steatohepatitic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Clear Cell Carcinoma

Scirrhous Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Macrotrabecular Massive

Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma

Lymphocyte-Rich Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Producing Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Other Morphologic Rare Subtypes

Other Growth Patterns

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 21, Benign and Malignant Hepatocellular Tumors

22: Benign and Malignant Biliary Tumors

BILE DUCT HAMARTOMA

Definition

Overview of Demographics and Risk Factors

Histological Findings

Immunostains

BILE DUCT ADENOMA

Definition

Demographics and Risk Factors

Histological Findings

CLEAR-CELL BILE DUCT ADENOMA

CHALLENGING BILE DUCT LESIONS

BILIARY ADENOFIBROMA

SIMPLE CYSTS: BILIARY, MESOTHELIAL, AND FOREGUT

Simple Biliary Cyst

Peribiliary Gland Cyst

Mesothelial Cyst

Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Cyst

MUCINOUS CYSTIC NEOPLASM

Histological Findings

Differential Diagnoses

INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY NEOPLASMS OF THE BILE DUCT

Gross and Histological Findings

Differential Diagnoses

UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA WITH OSTEOCLAST-LIKE GIANT CELLS

OTHER RARE PANCREATIC ANALOGUE CARCINOMAS

CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

Definition

Demographics and Risk Factors

Histological Findings

Immunostain Findings

Differentiating Benign Biliary Lesions From Cholangiocarcinoma

Differentiating Cholangiocarcinoma From Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Differentiating Cholangiocarcinoma From Metastatic Carcinoma

LYMPHOEPITHELIOMA-LIKE CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

Definition

Clinical Findings

Histological Findings

CHOLANGIOBLASTIC VARIANT OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 22, Benign and Malignant Biliary Tumors

23: Lymphoma and Metastatic Disease

REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA

LYMPHOMA AND LEUKEMIA

Lymphoma Overview

Leukemia Overview

FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELL SARCOMA

METASTATIC NEOPLASMS

Diagnostic Approach

Cancer of Unknown Primary

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Chapter 23, Other Tumors of the Liver

Appendix: The Language Of Liver Pathology: Definitions Of Key Terms

USEFUL DEFINITIONS IN LIVER PATHOLOGY

REFERENCES

Self-assessment Questions, Appendix, The Language of Liver Pathology: Definitions of Key Terms

Index

 

 

An aparitie	25/01/2022
Autor	Michael Torbenson MD
Dimensiuni	16.51 x 3.81 x 24.13 cm
Editura	LWW
Format	Hardcover
ISBN	9781975157296
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	551