An Atlas of Gynecologic Oncology: Investigation and Surgery, Fourth Edition

Description:

The latest edition of An Atlas of Gynecologic Oncology continues its coverage of the innovative techniques in investigation and surgery on the brink of becoming established as part of the gynecologic surgeon’s repertoire, now including the exciting developments in uterine transplantation.

 

Table of Contents:

 

Chapter 1 Introduction: Preparing a patient for surgery

Introduction

Thromboembolic Disease

Prevention and Risk Assessment

Prevention and Treatment

Diagnosis

Treatment

Infection Prophylaxis

Infection Control

Prevention of Blood-borne Infection

References

Chapter 2 Preoperative workup

Introduction

Assessment of Perioperative Cardiac Risk

2014 ACC⁄AHA Perioperative Cardiac Risk Guidelines

Step 1: Determine the Urgent or Emergent Nature of the Procedure

Step 2: Determine the Presence of Active Cardiac Disease or Active Clinical Risk Factors of Cardiac Disease

Step 3: Calculation of Risk to Determine Perioperative Morbidity

Step 4: Determine the Patient’s Functional Capacity, or their Ability to Perform Common Daily Tasks

Step 5: Supplemental Preoperative Evaluation

Perioperative Therapy

Perioperative Medical Management

Assessment of Hematologic Risk

Thromboembolic Disease

Assessment of Pulmonary Risk

Assessment of Endocrinologic Risk

Diabetes Mellitus

Thyroid Dysfunction

Adrenal Suppression

Assessment of Renal Risk

Assessment of Hepatic Risk

References

Chapter 3 Complications

Introduction

Bowel Complications

Wound Complications

Bibliography

Chapter 4 Anatomy

Introduction

Pelvic Fascia and Pelvic Spaces

Upper Part of the Abdomen

Vascular Supply

Nerves

Muscles

Bones and Cutaneous Landmarks

References

Chapter 5 Cross-sectional and molecular imaging

Introduction

Carcinoma of the Endometrium

Role of Imaging

Ultrasound

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Positron Emission Tomography-CT (PET-CT)

Cervical Cancer

Role of Imaging

Ultrasound

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

FDG PET-CT

Ovarian Malignancy

Ultrasound

Computed Tomography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PET-CT

Vaginal Cancer

Imaging

Vulval Cancer

Ultrasound

Computed Tomography

References

Chapter 6 Sigmoidoscopy, cystoscopy, and stenting

Proctoscopy, Rigid and Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

Indications

Preoperative Preparation

Instrumentation

Proctoscopy

Rigid Sigmoidoscope

Flexible Sigmoidoscope

Operative Procedure

Rigid Sigmoidoscope

Rectal Biopsy

Polypectomy

Flexible Sigmoidoscope

Postoperative Care

Cystoscopy and Stenting

Indications

Preoperative Preparation

Instrumentation

Rigid Cystoscope

Flexible Cystoscope

Operative Procedure

Rigid Cystoscope

Bladder Biopsy

Ureteric Catheterization and Stenting

Flexible Cystoscope

Postoperative Care

Acknowledgments

Bibliography

Chapter 7 Tumor markers

Introduction

Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer

Tumor Markers in Ovarian Cancer

CA125

Human Epididymis Protein 4

Indications for Use of Tumor Markers

Screening

Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis

Prognosis

Monitoring Response to Treatment and Recurrence

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

CA-19-9

Alpha-Fetoprotein and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Inhibin and Anti-Mullerian Hormone

Future Tumor Markers

Cervical Cancer

Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Antigen

Other Tumor Markers

Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors /Neoplasia

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Endometrial Cancer

Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer

Summary

References

Chapter 8 Cone biopsy

Introduction

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Vascular Supply

Innervation

Muscles Involved

Bony Landmarks

Surgical Procedure

Loop Electrosurgical Excision

Scalpel “Cold Knife” Cone

Chapter 9 Radical abdominal hysterectomy

Introduction

Surgical Procedure

Reference

Chapter 10 Laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy

Introduction

The Revival of Radical Vaginal Hysterectomy—Role of Laparoscopy

Surgical Procedure

Laparoscopic Operation

Vaginal Surgery

Postoperative Course—Complications

Endpoints—Indications

Conclusions

References

Chapter 11 Radical vaginal trachelectomy

Introduction

Indications

Anatomical Consideration

Vascular Supply

Uterovaginal Endopelvic Fascia

Cardinal (Mackenrodt) Ligament

Uterosacral Ligaments

Procedure

Anatomical Relationship

Vaginal Cuff Preparation

Identification of the Vesicouterine Space

Opening of the Paravesical Space (Description for the Patient’s Left Side)

Identification and Mobilization of the Ureter

Section of the Bladder Pillars

Section of the Cardinal Ligament (Proximal Parametrium)

Excision of the Specimen

Prophylactic Cervical Cerclage and Closure of the Vaginal Mucosa

Trachelectomy Specimen

Cervical Appearance after a Trachelectomy Procedure

Results

Oncologic Results

Obstetrical Results

Fertility Results

Summary

References

Chapter 12 Radical abdominal trachelectomy

Introduction

Figo Sotaging

Anatomical Considerations

Vascular Considerations

Oncological Considerations

Operative Procedure

Post-Operative Consideration

Summary

References

Bibliography

Chapter 13 Central recurrent cervical cancer: The role of exenterative surgery

Introduction

Selection of the Patient for Exenterative Surgery

Patient Assessment

Absolute Contraindications

Relative Contraindications

Type of Exenteration

Preoperative Preparation

The Final Intraoperative Assessment

Operative Procedure

Total and Anterior Exenteration

Dealing with the Empty Pelvis

Postoperative Care

Results of Exenteration

references

Chapter 14 Total mesometrial resection

Introduction

Ontogenetic Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Procedure

Indications

Contraindications

Treatment Goals

Technique

Pathological Evaluation

Outlook

References

Chapter 15 Laterally extended endopelvic resection

Introduction

Ontogenetic Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Procedure

Indications

Contraindications

Technique

Outlook

References

Chapter 16 Vaginectomy

Introduction

Preoperative Assessment

Anatomic Considerations

The Vaginal Procedure

Instruments

The Operation

Postoperative Care

The Abdominal Procedure

Instruments

Preoperative Preparation

The Operation

Complications

Postoperative Care

Reference

Chapter 17 Radical vulvar surgery

Introduction

Anatomic Considerations

Blood Supply

Nerve Supply

Lymphatic Drainage

Alternative Routes of Lymph Drainage

Indications

Role of the En Bloc Dissection

Pelvic Node Dissection

Identification of Lymphatic Spread and Nodal Involvement

Surgical Procedure

Patient Preparation

Thromboembolic Prophylaxis

Operative Procedure

Skin Incision

Defining the Fascial Planes in the Groin Incisions

Division of the Saphenous Vein

Developing the Deep Dissection

Cleaning the Adductor Muscles

The Vulval Incision

Pelvic Node Dissection

References

Chapter 18 Sentinel lymph node biopsy

Introduction

What is Lymphatic Mapping?

Historical Perspective

Mapping Techniques

Blue Dye

Radiocolloid, Lymphoscintigraphy, and Intraoperative Gamma Counters

Indocyanine Green and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging

Sentinel Nodes: Pathologic Examination

Clinical Experience

Vulvar Cancer

Future Directions

Cervical Cancer

Clinical Experience and Data Review

Blue Dye

Radiocolloid

Future Development

Uterine Cancer

Summary

Future Directions of Lymphatic Mapping

References

Chapter 19 Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation

Introduction

Impact of Cancer Treatments on Female Fertility

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation

Tissue Harvesting

Processing of the Ovarian Tissue

Cryopreservation

Ovarian Tissue Transplantation

Risk of Cancer Cell Seeding

Ovarian Transplantation Techniques

Pelvic Orthotopic Transplantation

Heterotopic Transplantation

Forearm

Lower Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue

References

Chapter 20 Uterine transplantation and lessons from transplant surgery

Introduction

Ethical Considerations

Historical Considerations

Future Considerations

Lessons from Transplant Surgery

References

Chapter 21 Epithelial ovarian cancer

Preoperative Assessment

Preoperative Investigations

Primary Laparotomy

Surgical Techniques for Advanced Disease

En Bloc Resection of Advanced Pelvic Disease

Appendectomy

Splenectomy

Omentectomy

Excision of Liver Nodules

Surgery for Apparent Early-Stage Disease

Interval Debulking Surgery

Second-Look Surgery

Palliative Surgery

Germ Cell and Stromal Tumors of the Ovary

References

Chapter 22 Upper abdominal cytoreduction for advanced ovarian cancers

Introduction

Spleen

Diaphragm

Liver

Thorax

Perinephric Region, Intestine, Mesentery, and Lymph Nodes

Conclusions

References

Chapter 23 Extraperitoneal approach to infrarenal, inframesenteric, and pelvic lymphadenectomies

Introduction

Indications

Cervical Carcinoma

Endometrial Carcinoma

Ovarian Carcinoma

Methods

Preparation

Technique

Opening the Space

Challenges Establishing Pneumoretroperitoneum

Harvesting the Left Inframesenteric Aortic Nodes

Resecting the Right Aortic Nodes

Harvesting the Pelvic Nodes

Postoperative Management

Surgical Outcomes

Complications

Conclusions

References

Chapter 24 Vascular access and implantable vascular and peritoneal access devices

Introduction

Indications

Contraindications

Anatomic Considerations

Types of Ports

Surgical Procedure

Preoperative Evaluation and Testing

Surgery

Venous Access

Percutaneous (Seldinger) Technique

Needle Insertion

Subclavian Vein Access

Traditional Method of Insertion

Alternative Technique

Internal Jugular Access

Passing the Guide Wire

Dilating the Skin Incision/Passing the Catheter

Cutdown Technique

Venous Access via the Cephalic Vein

Internal Jugular Cutdown

Making the Pocket for the Port

Creating a Tunnel for the Catheter

Connecting the Port to the Catheter

Checking Placement of Catheter

Peritoneal Access Device without Concurrent Laparoscopy or Laparotomy

Maintenance and Access of Catheters

Complications

References

Chapter 25 Surgical management of trophoblastic disease

Management of Trophoblastic Disease: the Basics

Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumors

Management

Fertility Preservation

Conclusion

References

Chapter 26 Laparoscopy

Introduction

Appendectomy

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Hysterectomy

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Radical Hysterectomy

Surgical Procedure

Omentectomy

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Laparoscopic Bowel Surgery

Small or Large Bowel Bypass

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Loop Ileostomy

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Right Hemicolectomy

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Left Hemicolectomy

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Palliative End Colostomy

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedure

Lymphadenectomy

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Para-Aortic Nodes

Pelvic Nodes

Surgical Procedure

Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy

Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Bibliography

Chapter 27 Humidification during surgery: Benefits of using humidified gas during laparoscopic and open surgery

Basics of the Physiology of the Peritoneum

Laparoscopic Surgery

Impact of the Dry Insufflation Gas on Body Temperature: Hypothermia

Impact of the Dry Insufflation Gas on the Peritoneum Integrity: Tissue Damage

Impact of the Temperature and Humidification of the Insufflation Gas on Pain

Impact of the Insufflation Gas on Postoperative Adhesions

Impact of the Insufflation Gas on the Recovery Time

Open Surgery

Conclusion

references

Chapter 28 Robotic surgery

Introduction

Advantages and Disadvantages

Operative Room Setup

Patient Positioning and Related Anesthesia Requirements

Operative Entry

Surgical Procedures

Endometrial Cancer Staging

Instruments

Surgical Tips

Radical Hysterectomy, Radical Trachelectomy, and Radical Parametrectomy

Instruments

Surgical Tips

Pelvic Masses in Pregnancy

Other Uses of the Robotic Platform

References

Chapter 29 Gastrointestinal surgery in gynecologic oncology

Introduction

Stomach

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedures

Small Bowel

Introduction

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedures

Large Intestine Surgery

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Surgical Procedures

references

Chapter 30 Urologic procedures

Introduction

Ureteric Injury

Risk Factors

Prevention and Detection

Preoperative Imaging

Management of Ureteric Injuries

Anatomy

Vascular Supply

Innervation

Ureteroureterostomy

Ureteroneocystotomy and Psoas Hitch

Boari Flap

Ileal Ureter

Urinary Diversion

Renal Function, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Altered Sensorium

Patient Preference, Quality of Life, and Age

Ileal Conduit

Orthotopic Neobladder

Indiana Pouch

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 31 Fistula repair

Etiology and Epidemiology

Obstetric Causes

Surgical Causes

Radiation

Malignancy

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Miscellaneous

Classification

Presentation

investigations

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Dye Studies

Imaging

Excretion Urography

Retrograde Pyelography

Cystography

Fistulography

Barium Enema, Barium Meal, and Follow-Through

Ultrasonography, Computerized Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Examination Under Anesthesia

Endoscopy

Cystoscopy

Colonoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, and Proctoscopy

Preoperative Management

Urogenital Fistula

Intestinogenital Fistula

General Principles of Surgical Treatment

Timing of Repair

Urogenital Fistula

Intestinogenital Fistula

Route of Repair

Urogenital Fistula

Intestinogenital Fistula

Instruments

Dissection

Suture Materials

Operative technique

Urogenital Fistula Repair

Dissection and Repair in Layers

Saucerization

Vaginal Repair Procedures in Specific Circumstances

Abdominal Repairs

Transvesical Repair

Transperitoneal Repair

Ureteric Reimplantation

Interposition Grafting

Anal and Rectovaginal Fistula Repair

Laying Open of Fistula Track

Rectal Advancement Flap

Transperineal

Conversion to Fourth-Degree Tear

Transverse Transperineal

Transvaginal

Transanal

Advancement Rectal Sleeve Procedure

Transabdominal

Postoperative Management

Fluid Balance

Bladder Drainage

Mobility and Thromboprophylaxis

Antibiotics

Bowel Management

Subsequent Management

References

Chapter 32 Treatment of vascular defects and injuries

Introduction

Indications

Anatomic Considerations

Arterial Control and Repair

Venous Control and Repair

Vascular Patches

Inferior Vena Cava Filters

Bibliography

Chapter 33 Plastic reconstructive procedures

Introduction

Anatomic Considerations

Vascular Supply

Nerve Supply

Muscles Involved

Bony Landmarks

Indications

Surgical Procedure

Full-Thickness Cutaneous Advancement Flaps

The Rectus Abdominis Flap

The Gracilis Flap

Fasciocutaneous Neurovascular Pudendal Thigh Flaps

Bibliography

Chapter 34 Additional plastic surgery procedures

Introduction

Traditional Reconstructive Options and Their Limitations

Skin Grafts

Local Skin Flaps

Rectus Abdominis Flap

Gracilis Flap

General Considerations

Treatment History

Goals of Reconstruction

Execution of the Surgical Plan

Defect Sites

Groin/Suprapubic

Pelvic Cavity

Perineum

Vagina

Flap Options

Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Gluteal Flap

Omental Flap

Posterior Thigh Flap

Sartorius Flap

Tensor Fascia Lata Flap

Conclusion

References

Chapter 35 Fat transfer: Applications in gynecology

Introduction

Overview

Methods

Adverse Events

Clinical Applications and Experience

References

Chapter 36 Surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage

Introduction

Uterine Compression Sutures

B-Lynch Suture Technique

Compression Suture Postoperative Complications

Balloon Tamponade

Placement Technique

Arterial Ligation

Hysterectomy

Caesarean Hysterectomy Technique

Intraoperative Cell Salvage [ICS] Systems

Uterine Artery Embolization /Occlusion

Summary

References

Chapter 37 Brachytherapy

Introduction

Brachytherapy Techniques

Dose Rate

Intracavitary Brachytherapy

Interstitial Brachytherapy

Brachytherapy by Malignancy

Cervical Cancer

Endometrial Cancer

Postoperative Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy

Medically Inoperable Endometrial Brachytherapy

Vaginal Cancer

Vulvar Cancer

Summary

References

Chapter 38 Innovative methods to teach and train minimally invasive surgery

Introduction

Current Methods of Assessment in Residency Programs [OB-GYN]

Innovative Training Networks and Validation of Skills

The Robotic Training Network

The Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery

Demonstrating Surgical Excellence

Crowdsourcing for Proficiency Assessment

Surgical Portfolios

Conclusion

References

Chapter 39 Meta-analysis of survival data

Survival Data in Gynecologic Oncology

What is a Meta-Analysis?

Information Overload

Conflicting Results

Narrative Review and its Shortcomings

Limitations of RCTs

Insufficient High-Quality Trial Data (In Surgical Research)

The Solution

Meta-Analysis Defined

Advantages over Narrative Reviews

Advantages over Randomized Controlled Trials

Meta-Analysis of Survival Data

Conducting a Survival Data Meta-Analysis

Importance of Careful Planning

Defining the Objectives of the Study

Defining the Population of Studies to be Included

Study Type

Patient Characteristics

Treatment Modalities

Defining the Outcome Measures

Locating All Relevant Studies

Screening, Evaluation ,and Data Abstraction

Statistical Methods for Calculating Overall Effect

Hazard Function and Cumulative Hazard Function

Performing a Meta-Analysis Based on Hazard Ratios

Calculation of Summary Statistics from Trial Reports

“Direct” Calculation

“Indirect” Calculation

“Kaplan–Meier” Curve Calculation

Heterogeneity between Study Results

Measuring Heterogeneity

Addressing Heterogeneity

Conducting a Meta-Analysis in the Surgical Context

Pitfalls in Conducting an SD Meta-Analysis

Conflicting Results between Meta-Analysis Compared to Large-Scale RCTs

Why Does Bias Exist in Meta-Analysis?

Types of Pitfalls in Conducting an SD Meta-Analysis

Impact of Bias on Survival Data Meta-Analyses

Bias

Assessing Potential Bias Inherent in RCTs

Publication Bias

Why Does Publication Bias Exist?

Reasons for Publication Bias in Negative Trials

Benefits of Survival Data Meta-Analyses

Assessing the Quality of a Meta-Analysis

Improving the Quality of Gynecologic Oncology Meta-Analyses

Further Concepts in Survival Analysis

Meta-Analysis and Software

Evaluating Survival Data in the Context of Clinical Decision Making

Conclusion

Appendix A

References

Chapter 40 Pain management

Introduction

Visceral Pain Physiology

Anatomy to Explain Clinical Features

Pain from Compression of Pelvic Structures

Initial Management of Pain

Neuropathic Pain

Interventional Techniques in Gynecological Malignancy

Epidural and Spinal Opioids

Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block (Neurolytic)

Technique

Blockade of Ganglion Impar

Presacral Neurectomy

Bibliography

Chapter 41 Palliative care

What is Palliative Care?

When is Palliative Care Relevant to the Woman With Gynecological Cancer?

General Principles of Palliative Care

Symptom Management

Disease-Modifying Palliative Treatment

Nonpharmacological Treatment

Prescribing for Symptom Control

Breathlessness

Anorexia

Nausea and Vomiting

Constipation

Anxiety and Depression

Clinical Challenges for Palliative Care in Gynecology Oncology

Malignant Bowel Obstruction

Recurrent Malignant Ascites

Communicating With the Family and With Other Professionals

The Dying Patient

References

Chapter 42 Doctor–patient communication

Introduction

The “Four-Cusp ” Approach

Cusp A: Potentially Curable

Case 1

Case 2

Cusp B: Living with Cancer

Cusp C: Pre-Terminal Phase

Cusp D: Terminal Phase

Bereavement⁄Grief

Spirituality, Religion, and Psychology

Bibliography

Index

 

An aparitie	2018
Autor	J. Richard Smith and Giuseppe Del Priore
Dimensiuni	21.6 x 27.9 cm
Editura	CRC Press
Format	Hardback
ISBN	9781498729062
Limba	Engleza
Nr pag	361